The Texas Jewish Herald (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 21, No. 24, Ed. 1 Thursday, September 20, 1928 Page: 4 of 8
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THE TEXAS JEWISH HERALD
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depressed, or just absorbed in search of a query that is lodged
a confession of the sins and transgressions of the whole
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REACTIONARY PROGRESSIVES”
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Bess M. Conley.
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The Texas Jewish Herald
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To The Texas Jewish Herald,
411% Fannin Street, Houston, Texas.
Please send me The Texas Jewish Herald for which I
agree to pay $2.00 per year.
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Seeks to give the busy man and tired woman fresh
news of what is going on in Jewish circles all over the
world; to print such social items as will maintain the
interest of Jews, young and old, in the lives of each
other; to publish from time to time such views, by
cleric and layman, on Jewish topics as will give its
readers more knowledge—a better recollection of
what Jewish thought has done, is doing, for Jewish
life and human progress.
--------------CTr OUT AND MAIL--------------
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cerned.
In the Workhouse of Allegheny
( ounty, for instance, with a total
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which impte
ence. The I,
Random Thoughts
—By CHAS.—JesEPH--------
I am frank to confess that I am
constantly criticised by Jewish lead-
ers all over the country because I
persist in publishing letters, and in
calling attention to incidents such
as these mentioned, which have to
do with the anti-Semitic feeling in
this country. They think it is a mis-
take to do this as it tends to keep
alive the prejudice through adver-
tising it. I regret that I do not
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MC----—
YOM KIPPUR—THE DAY OF ATONEMENT
\ ID’S sounded tho trumpets; the people prostrated
EDITORIAL
By a strange coincidence the very
run nLis
. ,>-2
gP
on my desk was the ,
a resident of New j
Recognizing as I
circumstances must they work on
that day, unless they owned a
summer hotel, in which case, of
course, they were excused.
Now Kensington, Pa.
Dear Thelma:.
I just, returned to , school today
after an absence of two and a half
months and found your letter on
my desk.
Now, Thelma, I am just asiorry
as you are that the teachers have
not been able to place you in-a po-
sition during the summer months.
In the first place, business has
been very slack, and we have not
had as many calls as usual. How-
ever, we have been able to place
the majority of your class in good-
paying positions, but it is always
difficult to obtain a position for
a girl out of town because as a
rule a business man will not wait
until we get in touch with you,
but demands immediate place-
mettt. And there has been a little
question this year of race preju-
dice which has made it difficult
to obtain positions for our Jew-
esses.
of reacting without the presence of such tangible or
$2.00 per Ye
$2 50 per- Yer
letter I picked up from the
do the restrictions against Jewish
girls who apply for office positions,
I would hesitate to place the blame;
This sardonic delight which is taken in reducing man to the
lowest possible terms, in stripping his nature of all vestige of
spirituality, can only be explained on the theory of action and
reaction, on the proposition that certain scientists are still re-
taliating for the wrong fundamentalistic theology had done
them in the past. Being in the throes of reac tion, they hit hard
and fast, not noticing that the momentum had carried them
beyond the border. For it is no longer at the dogma of tradition
4—they are hitting but at the essential phenomenon of
spirituality which operates in the heart of man.
Noticts zerezared !y ‘I hr I raet (ornmnsion of the (‘entral (‘on.frenee
ard l’rin of \rnerican Hebrew ( <>lig l hk’Ht h nN
Roxbury, Maas. the following item than to point out
So some of our business colleges the atrocious falsehoods that are oc-
are beginning to get exclusive. Well, casionally told young people in some
"1nt i . 1 .. . j am of our Christian churches. This is
in receipt of the following clipping I such a ridiculous thing that empha-
from a reader living in Boston, Mass. j sizes to what degree men will stoop
It is a photographic copy of a letter 1 in order to poison the minds of the
written to Mr. Abraham Brickman, i unthinking. It is translated from
. . . from the the Jewish Forward and sent to me
principal of the Bryant & Stratton by a render:
is indeed a mediaeval fanatic.
ud
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i
——
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Thus stripping our reactions of all human dignity, the be- __ -,g , .. g.. U.u..
haviorist grins at us with a sort of sardonic delight: he had j that is certainly interesting,
shown us how vain and conceited we are—aye, how ignorant
agree with them. On the contrary,
bringing these matters constantly to
their attention will make them ap-
preciate things as they really are
and not as they dream them to be.
But it does seem a shame, and I am
inclined to blush when I do it, to
find it necessary to announce that
Jewish firms are as guilty against
Jewish employes as are Gentiles. By
keeping all these gentlemen advised
of what’s going on may cause them
to treat their own people in a more
self-respecting way.
For instance, man is thrown into grief, joy,
Hie Rockview
purpose of all that sacrificial pomp detailed in levilicus NVI _
was to bring man to alone for his sins. The High Priest recited I in our mind, there will be some secretion of the glands and some
adisdaasuksd-gdsacnsgg.mueg
very low they must come
church on Sundays, and under
stand the test of fact should go, for they must be untrue beliefs
if they cannot stand the test of fact. But the onslaught of the
pseudo-scientist upon the spiritual side of man does not stand
the test of fact. There is a side to man which is purely func-
tional in the chemico-biological sense of the word, but it is by
far not the whole of man. He does not wait, like the ameba,
for stimuli to come to provoke him, but he creates and envokes
his own stimuli. If he had once found himself in a pleasant
situation, he remembers it and seeks to reproduce it, deliber-
ately. Deliberation presupposes mind, and the power to envoke
and repeat pleasant situations presupposes volition. Conscious-
ness, awareness and initiative are distinct human attributes, in
the sense that they transcend the functional side of life. Of
course, there are involuntary processes that take place in the
human body, and spontaneous reactions as well. Bufman does
not even think of these, precisely because they are involuntary
and spontaneous. What matters to man is the behavior of which
he is conscious, which he had deliberately chosen, to further a
plan of his, conceived mainly in his mind, and not in response
to a presently applied stimulus.
What man is primarily concerned with is with a conscious
life that thrives and finds fulfillment in aesthetical endowments,
in capacities, that is, that are wholly non-tangible. For man it
is not enough that objects should lend themselves to mere sense-
perception, but it is also necessary that these preeptions be
evaluated and interpreted. Now, the process of interpreting
and evaluating, like all mental processes, undoubtedly result
in sensory-motor or mechanical response. But how about the
ability to interpret and evaluate? Surely, there is nothing me-
Maybe someday sonic of our more
or less satisfied co-religionists will
lessly the functional side of life, and he who disapproves of wake up and do something about it
biological enquiry for fear it will interfere with accepted beliefs j Here is the letter in question:
1 Miss Thelma Schwartz,
of social fraternities
a feeling of common
berg, Beaumont, Corsicana Hallets-
ville and Seguin.
Among the outstanding accomp-
lishments of the year were, (1) sup-
plementing the funds of Congrega-
tion Beth Israel of Austin for the
maintenance of a rabbi who func-
tions for the student body as well
as for the community, (2) providing
traveling expenses for the rabbis of
Texas and Jewish laymen to come
to Austin to address the Menorah
Society of the University of Texas,
(3) furnishing prayer books to the
Temple for students, (4) supplying
the opportunity for the presence of
j Jewish students at a Sedar organized
for their special benefit on the first
night of Passover, (some attending
for the first time of their lives.)
(5) holding get-to-gether suppers,
so that the Jewish student body di-
vided into membership and non-
which, as is well known, deal with
crime and criminals, not merely
of Pittsburgh, but of the entire
region of Western Pennsylvania,
the population on September 4th
| of this year was 1,846 people, of
I which number twenty-seven were
Jews. But so far the figures cov-
ered were for adult offenders
only. As to the extent of the
problem of Juvenile Delinquency,
it may be noted that the two ma-
jor institutions, Morganza and
Thorn Hill, with a total census of
893 juvenile offenders, showed
only eight Jewish inmates.
Einally in the Morals Court, the
number of Jewish boys and girls
has dwindled to such an extent
that we no longer have a regular
representative at the court, it hav-
ing been found impracticable, be-
cause of the fact that for many
weeks, and sometimes for several
months, there is not a single Jew-
ish boy or girl brought before the
court. And this in spite of the
fact that the number of people
appearing before the Morals Court
runs into the thousands,—for the
year 1927 the figure being 16,101.
It is hardly necessary to point
out the implications of these com-
parative figures; and yet it is not
with a spirit of pride, but rather
with one of humanity that they
are presented here, since it must
be our aim to decrease even this
relatively very small number of
Jewish delinquents.
The Jewish social service 'in-
volved in connection with the in-
stitutional care of our Jewish in-
mates is shared in by three men,
who devote themselves professon-
ally to the problem of studying
the inmates during their period of
incarceration, preparing the home
for the return of the prisoners,
securing adequate employment
upon their release, and finally re-
habilitating the family so that the
ex-prisoner may become a useful
nifinlnT of society.
Trusting that this information
will be of interest to you person-
ally. as well as to the intelligent
Jewish community at large, I am,
Sincerely yours,
Dr. L. B. Bernstein,
Executive Director,
operate, but not with the material of which nor with the tools i'ng increasingly
wherewith the engine was built. business and
It is of great advantage to the human race to analyse fear-
The
Texas Jewish Herald
-------------------rutttshed—weekty—Try-------------------
• The Herald Printing Co.
EDGAR GOLDBERG, Editor and Publisher
turnover for the past year of
1.210 prisoners, there were only
four Jewish inmates; whereas in
pted beliefs
Those beliefs which cannot
4th. 1928
The ameba, as is known, is the simplest form of life, a
one-cell being, as it were. Yet, this primitive thing behaves and
reacts, and, for all we know, may have its likes and dislikes.
i We know from experimenting with it that it acts one way when
placed in red ink, and another way when placed in green ink.
Now, how can we ten mind altogether*—Thro ugh behaviur. •
And since the ameba behaves, it follows that it has a mind. Or
rather, man has nothing on the ameba, for his so called mind is
an illusion, the result of conceit and vainness.
PATRONS’ LEAGUE FOR THE
JEWISH STUDENTS OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS
September 1, 1928 marked the
completion of the first year of the
PATRONS’ LEAGUE for the Jew-
ish students of the University of
Texas. For this name, we are in-
debted to Mr. Morris Stern of Tex-
as, who, for a long time has been
a leader in worthy Jewish endeavor
in the state of Texas. Previous to
the formation of the present organi-
zation, the work at the University
of Texas has been more or less ir-
regularly cared for, by making spe-
cial appeals for financial help to de-
fray the expenses of speakers for
the Menorah Society of the Univer-
sity of Texas. It was felt that the
time was ripe for the laying of the
foundation for a permanent organi-
zation statewide in scope to make
air pie provision for the intellectual,
moral, social and physical condition
of the. Jewish student body. Last
year, the total registration for the
we are when we talk of destiny as though there were a destiny,
when we are in search of an interpretation of existence, when
everything is so obviously reduced to sheer mechanics and
chemistry. "When a stimulus is applied to an organism, there
ensues within the organism a secretion, stimulated by the prox-
imity of foreign substance, and provoking an effort at adjust-
men!" that is the whole process of existence, that is the whole
Torah of the behaviorist and the pseudo scientist generally.
The rest is bunk.
But this bunk in which religion and philosophy have en-
gaged for thousands of years, what is it? Vanity and Conceit
are just names of mental and emotional processes which in
themselves require an explanation. Why are men vain and con-
ceited while the ameba is not? Why, does the ameba "react"
only when physical stimuli are applied to it, while man is ca-
1
F=
following from
Kensington, Pa.
year of Jewish students at the Uni-
versity of Texas surpassed 200:
The Patrons’ League is statewide
and rightly so, since the student
body of the University hails from
every corner of the state and the
prob'em of providing Jewish oppor-
tunities for our students belongs to
the whole state and is not peculiar
to the Austin community. The con-
gregation at Austin is steadily di-
minishing in numbers, and it is quite
likely will continue to do so, so that
the means must be provided for the
maintenance of a Rabbi who will
represent the state at large and who
will be prepared to further the Jew-
ish unity of the student body along
the broadest lines. During the past
year, 105 members were enrolled
from the following cities: El "Paso,
Galveston, San Antonio, Tyler, Dal-
las, Houston, Port Arthur, Taylor,
Eagle Lake, Sweetwater, Lamesa,
Schulenberg, Gonzales, Corpus Chris-
tt, Sealy, Fort Worth, Terrell, Rosen-
The following letter from Dr. L.
B. Bernstein, Executive Director of
the Federation of Jewish Philan-
thropies, of Pittsburgh, Pa., has more
than a local application, therefore it
finds a place in this column:
Dear Mr. Joseph:
I had hoped that Rev. Dr. Mar-
lin would supply some figures to
back up his irresponsible state-
ments in the “United Presbyter-
ian,’’ of Pittsburgh, about the al-
leged special lawlessness of our
Jewish youth. Since the gentle-
man has not yet volunteered to
furnish those data, I am taking
the liberty of calling the atten-
tion of our Pittsburgh Jewish com-
munity to the real facts with re-
gard to our Jewish problem of de-
i linquency, both juvenile -and
adult, as far as the institutions in
Western Pennsylvania are con-
onn rt ' f time again h the pPetent ledie). wo hud out of
the opportunities for Jewish young] the total number of 593 only six
men and young won-n are becom- Jewish prisoners.
restricted in the I Turning to the Western as well
professional world. .....
for the following upon the head of
the Miss Conley's School of Short-]
hand in I’d t-burrh, I 'a. It is ex-
tremely unfortunate that thissitua-
Den pi H. but we nnghl just as the jail on September
well face facts. I have pointed out
on -uhjects of inter.
disclaim- respon-ibilty f or indor- ment
'he w rit er-
I have no purpose in publishing
corresponding motor response that will presage what the be-
havorist terms "an effort at adjustment.". Yet. it is as fair to
say of man that, because his modus operandi in the world of |
adjustment is chemico-biological therefore he is nothing more
than a chemico-biological functionary, as it would be fair to say
of the mechanic who works with certain tools that he is the
tools himself. The engineer is to be identified with the genius
that conceived of the principle upon which the engine was to
This is surprising. While I always
knew that there was a prejudice on
the part of members of the student
body, as well as some of the faculty,
of certain business colleges against
Jews, yet I scarcely! believed that a
school like Bryant & Stratton would
put itself on record in this bold way.
It seems to me at this’distance, that
the parents of every Jewish boy and
girl in that school should resent this
attempt at the introduction of anti-
Semitic numerus clausus of Hun-
gary, Austria, Germany and Rouman-
ia, by withdrawing them. There is
really nothing else for any self-re-
specting Jew to do. After all, there
will be no difficulty in finding an
opportunity for a business education
equal to that one can get at Bryant
& Stratton's
School, of Boston, Mass.
Dear Mr. Brickman:
I have your letter, together with 1
application for admission to the
• school, but am sorry to inform you
that the ouota for Jewish persons
I has already been filled. At the
present time there is little likli-
hood of there being an opportuni-
ty to enter until after January 1st.
J. W. Blaisdell, Principal.
interest and solidarity as Jews,, (6)
holding of social entertainments such
as a dance, to afford further oppor-
tunities for the Jewish students to
know each other. Furthermore, the
Patrons’ League is cooperating with
the Morris Lasker Educational Fund
to the end that no worthy student
in the State of Texas shall fail of
an opportunity to obtain a college
education because of deficiency of
finances.
The officers of the Patrons'
League are very well known to the
people of Texas. At.the head is
Dr. Henry Cohen of Galveston as
general chairman, whose more than
forty years of service to the state
are. permanently- written into the
history of Texas. The post of honor
chairman is held by Joe Koen, for
twenty-eight years president of Con-
gregation Beth Israel of Austin and
who for a greater number of years
has been a true friend of every Jew-’
ish student at the University of Tex-
as. For active president, the pre-
siding head of the organization, we
have William J. Frees of ustin,
who combines' that rare quality of
the cultured and high-minded qual-
ities of the mind with a true Jew-
ish heart. The active vice-presidents
are Theodore Davis of Austin, also
chairman of the board of trustees
of the Morris Lasker 1‘Mucational
Fund, and Morris Stern of San An-
The Jewish Herald in •
the Jewish people, but
the view- expressed by
IWni. lex
or jealousy on receiving sheer intelligence. He had been away
on a long journey, and in his absence a parent died, or his
lottery ticket won him a fortune, or his betrothed became en-
gaged to another man. All these things'have happened, not to
his body personally, and in no sense within proximity. But he
had learned of them from a letter he had received, via intelli-
gence. It is the mind that translated and interpreted to his
sensory motor what had happened elsewhere and with other
persons; that is to say, it was the mind who started in him a
chain of chemico-mechanical reactions, but not a concrete and
tangible -timulus. Ilow, then, can the mind be loutifiec with
the mechanical process, when it is the cause of it'.' How, in
other words, can the cause be identified with the effect?
There is no denying that we "behave” under all circum-
stances. that even our abstract ideas, conceived purely in the
mind, result in some tangible sensory-motor activity, and it is
due to the fact that our instruments of reaction, so to speak,
are chemico-biological. Whether we are glad or ad, elated or
"And what do you think of a
Methodist minister in Ogunquit,
Maine, who tells his congregation
that as a child he was told a le-
gend concerning a colony of white
monkeys. That these monkeys
were descended from Jews who did
not keep Sunday as the day of
rest. Therefore if his congrega-
tion did not want to descend so
tonio. The- treasurer is Morris
Hirshfeld, a memWer of on,- ,,f the
oldest Jewish families in the state,
and a banker of the highest reputa-
tion.
With Rabbi David Lefkowitz of
Dallas as chairman, the Advisory
Board consists of the following
rabbis: H. Barnston of Houston, A.
Schechter of Houston, E. Frisch of
San Antonio, S. Phillips of San An
tonio, H. A. Merfeld of Fort Worth,
A. Bengis of Beaumont, M. Faber
of Tyler, A, Schwab of Wichita Falls,
M. Zielonka of El Paso, and J. I.
Meyer of Austin, all of whom have
taken a very active interest in the
organization. Mrs. Annie Schoene-
man, prominent both in Sisterhood
and Council work has been named
an honorary vice-president of the
Patrons League because of her ac-
tive interest and generous support
of the movement.
At the outset, the following be-
cause of their interest andd activity
have been appointed reginold vice-
presidents: H. Potash of El Paso, U.
M. Simon of Fort Worth, B. Wadel
of Tyler, V. H. Hexter of Dallas, A.
Goldberg -of Port Arthur, W. M.
Nathan of Houston, and S. Marks
of Corsicana.
As executive secretary of the
organization is one who has known
intimately the past fifteen genera-
tions of university students at the
University of Texas and in conse-
quence thereof, has personal friends
in all corners of the state, Dr. H. J.
Ettlinger, professor of pure mathe-
matics, at the university, has always
taken an active interest in the Jew-
ish students at Austin. He is now
giving his time and energy very free-
ly in furtherance of the work of
the Patrons’ League. Dr. Ettlinger
has also been interested in the ath-
letic life at the university, serving
for many years on the facultv ath-
etic committee, actively coaching
several sports, and now well-known
as a football referee all over the
state. Recently, Dr. Ettlinger was
honored by being selected as one of
five delegates to represent the
Mathematical Association of Ameri-
ca at the International Congress of
Mathematics at Bologna, Italy.
There is an old story about lead-
ing a horse to water, but not always
possible to make him partake of the
refreshments. So with some of our
college students, who are not very
gateful toward their parents for
their Jewish birthright. On the
other, hand, the vast majority are
thirsting for Jewish opportunities,
intellectual, spiritual and social. For
these it is the aim of the Patrons’
League to expand its activities as the
occasion arises and its finances per-
mit. For example, it is desired to
bring to Austin, at least one out-
standing national Jewish figure each
year who may be expected to furth-
er the purposes for which the Pat-
rons League has been formed.
To provide the opportunity of fur,
ther expansion, it is necessary to
increase the membership to include
every Jewish minded citizen of th
state of Texas. It has been decided
to create the following two classes
of membership: Contributing mem-
bership, 110 per year; sustaining
membership, $25 per year. This
year the expectation of increased
enrollment will carry 'with it, in-
creased responsibilities and oppor-
tunities. Please address all corres.
pondenceto H. J. Ettlinger, 8110
Harris Park Avenue, Austin, Taras,
I ‘rest 11 n :1167 2110
Subscribers should notify 1- of change of addres, giving both old and
new addres that We may properly direct their paper
and facilitate its delivery
All communi atwns for publication should reach this office not later
than 9 A. M. Wedne-days.
)
Entered as second cla-s matter, at the l’o-t it'! <
under the act of March , 1 s, 1
ruzssuuluaisumguu
themselves; and the priests invoked the (iod of Mercy foi for-
givenss. But the most solemn moment of the day came when
all alone'the High Priest entered the Holy of Holies and uttered
there. a short prayer. ,
With the destruction of the Temple and the exile of the
Jewish people, the procedure of the observance of this Holy
Day changed quite radically, but the significance of the Day of
Atonement grew in meaning and value to Jewish life. ‘The
altar fell; the High Priest was no more; but the idea of this day
survived throughout the last two thousand years as most solemn
and sacred Prayers and meditations replaced the sacrifices.
According1 to Jewish tradition, God sealed tho fate of every
creature on this day, for it was the culmination of the peniten-
tial period which the New Year’s Day ushers in. Hence, the
Rabbis made repentance and contrition the dominant features
of the day.
This idea of retrospection and introspection underlying the
Day of Atonement ever struck a sounding chord within the
heart of the Jew, and from year to year serves to reawaken
within him the purpose of Judaism. Its message leaps over the
bounds of the denominational and bears its significance to the
world at large.
On Sunday evening, September 23, 1928, the Jewish people
will begin its cetebrat ion of the Day of Atonment, called in
Hebrew ‘Yom Kippur." At sundown the chanting of the tra-
ditional melody of Kol Nidre will usher in the great W hite bast
which lasts from evening to evening. This is the most solemn
and sacred day of the Jewish calendar, and is observed by all
Jews with fasting, prayer, and meditation.
In several passages the Bible refers to this Holy Day as the
Sabbath of Sabbaths. In the days when the lemplstood in
Jerusalem and Israel dwelt in Palestine, the offering of special
sacrifices comprised the chief eoremonial of this day. The
- By D.4 itn Goi BF Rt;
The caption is on the surface self-contradictory. A re-
actionary, as we commonly understand the word, is a man who
harks back and seeks to undo progress, whereas a progressive
is he who moves forward. How, then, could a progressive be
reactionary?
Yet, such a seemingly impossible combination abounds
with us today, and the paradox of it is that it is to be found
mostly among those who, verbally at least, espouse the cause of
the sciences as against the dogma of tradition. It seems to be
the fad of the raw college graduate, and generally of him who
styles himself modern, to talk with an air of superiority “of God
and His Annointed," of religion and of those who have a
thought for it, as a token of their own progressiveness and mod-
ernity. Alas! it is mostly the only sorry token of progressive-
ness they can show.
There is no denying the fact that the initiative in the war-
fare between religion and.science belongs to the religionist, and
not to the scientist. Among the fine properties of the scientific
mind are: an impartiality to the source of truth, lack of bias,
and a non-provocative attitude. We are speaking, of course, of
the scientist par excellence. It is rarely that a scientist sets out
on the path of research with the motive merely to dispreve an
accepted truth or an established belief. When, for instance,
Galileo and Copernicus had started out to establish the move-
ments of the pendilum and the sphericity of the celestial bodies,
they had had no thought of hurting the existing cosmological
doctrines of the Catholic Church; and if their findings had in-
deed upset the entire structure of the Catholic universe, it had
been merely the result of the truth they had discovered, but not
of the intent and motive of their researches. The same is true
of the effects of the discoveries of Newton, Leibnitz, indeed, of
the discovery of every scientist of natural phenomena.
But religion, which is a phenomenon of the subjective
heart, cannot be said to be without bias, a fact which makes the
religionist prone to partiality. Just as patriotism is essentially
a bias in favor of one’s country, so religion is essentially a bias
j in favor of one’s accepted beliefs. That explains the wrath of
the mediaeval Church against all scientific discovery. It does
not atone persecution; it merely explains it. It was almost
human for the Church to attack the scientist who with a cold-
blooded intellect, and in search for an objective truth, was chal-
lenging a passionate heart that fed itself on cherished beliefs
and hopes. The fact is, it was the religionists who first attacked
the scientist.
But after mediaeval religion had received the set-back it
deserved at the hands of the truths obtained through the scien-
tific mind and the scientific attitude, religion continued to
receive blows which it did not at all merit; it became itself the
victim of scientific reaction, as it were. The scientist, or rather
2 the pseudo-scientist was now hitting not alone at mediaeval
theology, but at the phenomenon of religion itself. The God
g idea was ridiculed, the soul of man denied, and the whole ex-
istence of man reduced to that of a vanishing shadow. Every
verity of eternity which has occupied the attention of the great-
L est minds of mankind—Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Spinoza, Kant
L —has been ridiculed as a supersition. Behaviorists even went
|j as fir as-denying the eternal quality of the human mind: Man
is Jvet a complicated ameba.
8 dzkdade .
l the Wo hippers 11e-(1t with a We ;ui(i
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Goldberg, Edgar. The Texas Jewish Herald (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 21, No. 24, Ed. 1 Thursday, September 20, 1928, newspaper, September 20, 1928; Houston, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth1520912/m1/4/?q=Lamar+University: accessed June 7, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; .