Texas City Times (Texas City, Tex.), Vol. 4, No. 10, Ed. 1 Friday, August 9, 1912 Page: 4 of 8
eight pages : ill. ; page 23 x 16 in. Scanned from physical pages.View a full description of this newspaper.
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selfish privilege, they enjoy the evtraordinary
sistance extended to them.”
Governor Wilson favors an income tax.
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Woodrow Wilson.
In selecting as their candidate for the presi-
dency Woodrow Wilson, jurist, teacher, his-
torian and politician, the Democratic party for
the first time since secession and the civil war
has named for that honor a man born south of
the Mason and Dixon line.
Though Woodrow Wilson is essentially a com-
posite product of Northern and Southern envi-
ronment, and though with that scholarly mental
equipment and marked personality which placed
him in the class of available presidential material,
he may be said, indeed, to be a cosmopolitan. He
is a native of Virginia, the mother of Presidents.
"The scholar in politics.” That is what Gov-
ernor Wilson’s partisans have delighted to call
him during the three brief years since he deserted
the academic field of the university teacher, the
writer and lecturer, for the noisier sphere of poli-
tics. As he stands today the nominee of his
party for the greatest office within the nation's
gift, the voter is more concerned to know just
where he stands upon the living issues of the
hour than to read a mere recital of the salient
dates and events in his career.
For one who has been in the spotlight of pub-
lic office so brief a time Governor Wilson has
been prolific in his political utterances. He is
usually frank spoken and his opinions are em-
phatic. He has placed himself on record freely.
It ought not to be difficult, therefore, to forecast
his attitude upon topics of national importance,
in the event that the voters in November ratify
the final choice of the Baltimore convention.
Woodrow Wilson is concededly a "progres-
sive’ Democrat. He is variously regarded as a
"conservative progressive” and as a “radical pro-
gressive.” That is as it may be, according to
one’s point of view. In the matter of intolerance
of bosses he has been no less outspoken than as
the third term aspirant of the Chicago cataclysm.
During his successful campaign for the gover-
norship of New Jersey Mr. Wilson unhorsed
James Smith Jr., the admitted Democratic “boss”
of New Jersey, who had been at one time a sena-
tor from that state. Answering a vitriolic at-
tack by the Smith machine forces at that time,
, he said :
"If I shall be chosen governor of Nev/ Jersey
the people of the state will be the boss—the only
boss. I will be your leader. I will be your coun-
sellor, your mouthpiece, your policeman, your
searchlight. Tell me what you want done in this
state and if it isn't* done there'll be a big fuss at
Trenton and you will know about it.”
Defining his attitude toward the so-called trusts
Governor Wilson has said:
“What is necessary in order to rectify the whole
mass of business of this kind is that those who
control it should entirely change their point of
view. They are trustees, not masters of private
property, not only because their power is derived
from a multitude of men, but also because in
investments it affects a multitude of men. It
determines the development or decay of com-
munities. They must regard themselves as the
representatives of a public power. There can be
no reasonable jealousies of public regulation in
such matters, because the opportunities of all
men are affected.
"It should be recognized as a fundamental prin-
ciple of our law dealing with corporations that,
though we call them artificial persons, the only
persons we are really going to deal with in im-
posing the penalties of the law upon them are
the persons who constitute their directors and
officers,
"We ought by this time to have seen the fu-
tility, I might even say the silliness, of trying to
punish illegal action by penalizing corporations
as such. Fines punish the stockholder; forfeiture
of the charter and of the franchise which they
are exercising paralyzes industry and confuses
business.
“Men do not cease to be individuals by becom-
ing officers of corporations. The responsibility
for violating the law or for neglecting public in-
terests ought to fall upon them as individuals.”
Governor Wilson’s name has been closely iden-
tified with the advocacy of the initiative, refer-
endum and recall. He discussed these doctrines
with characteristic candor in Kansas City a year
ago. "The intention of these measures,” he said,
"is to restore, not to destroy, representative gov-
ernment. It must be remembered by every can-
did man who discusses these measures that we
are contrasting the operation of the initiative and
the referendum, not with the representative gov-
ernment which we possess in theory, and which
we have long persuaded ourselves that we pos-
sessed in fact, but with the actual state of af-
fairs, with legislative processes which are car-
ried on in secret, responding to the impulse of
subsidized machines and carried through by men
'whose unhappiness it is to realize that they are
not their own masters, but the puppets in the
game.
"If we felt that we had a genuine representa-
tive government in our state legislatures no one
would propose the initiative or referendum in
America. They are being proposed now as a
means of bringing our representatives back to the
consciousness that what they are bound in duty
and in mere policy to do is to represent the sov-
ereign people whom they profess to serve, and
not the private interests which creep into their
counsels by way of machine orders and commit-
tee conferences. The most ardent and successful
advocates of the initiative and referendum regard
them as a sobering means of obtaining genuine
representative action on the part of legislative
bodies. They do not mean to set anything aside.
They mean to restore and reinvigorate, rather.
" he recall is a means of administrative con-
trol. If properly regulated and devised, it is a
means of restoring to administrative officials '
what the initiative and referendum restores to
legislators, namely, a sense of direct responsibility
to the people who choose them.
“The recall of judges is another matter. Judges
are not lawmakers. They are not administrators.
Their duty is not to determine what the law shall
be, but what the law is. Their independence,
their sense of dignity and of freedom is of the
first consequence to the stability of the state. To
apply to them the principle of the recall is to
set up the idea that determination of what the
law is must respond to popular impulse and to
popular judgment. It is sufficient that the people
should have the power to change the law when
they will. It is not necessary that they should
directly influence by threat of recall those who
merely interpret the law already established.”
Speaking on the tariff as he viewed it, Gov-
ernor Wilson, in an address before the Democratic
Club of .Harrisburg a year ago, said:
“The revision of the tariff, of course, looms
big and central in the programme, because it is
in the tariff schedules that half the monopolies of
the country have found cover and protection and
opportunity We do not mean to strike at any
essential economic arrangement, but we do mean
to drive all beneficiaries of governmental policy
into the open and to demand of them by what
principle of national advantage, as contrasted with
recommended to the New Jersey legislature the
ratification of the pending amendment to the fed-
eral constitution giving to congress the power
to levy such a tax. This pledge was given in
their platforms by both the parties in New Jer-
sey, but the legislature did not enact it.
Woodrow Wilson was born in Staunton, Va.,
on December 28, 1856. He is the son of the Rev.
Joseph Ruggles Wilson, a Presbyterian minis-
ter, and Jessie Woodrow Wilson. During his
boyhood in the South he signed his name Thomas
W. Wilson. It was not until later that he drop-
ped the first name and assumed the more dis-
tinctive middle one acquired from his maternal
side, the name under which he has since become
famous.
The coincidence has been already noted that
Grover Cleveland, the last Democratic President,
was also the son of a Presbyterian clergyman
and that he also made his home under the classic
shades of Princeton.
Mr. Wilson passed his boyhood in the South,
’chiefly in Georgia and South Carolina, following
the more or less peripatetic life of the country
clergyman’s family and preparing in the public
schools of those states for entrance into the uni-
versity of which he was destined to become the
distinguished head. After a brief term in David-
son College, in North Carolina, he entered Prince-
ton in 1875, and was graduated four years later
with the degree of A. B.
Mr. Wilson then returned to his native state,
taking the law course in the University of Vir-
ginia and/passing the examination for admission
to the bar in that state in 1883. He received the
degree of Ph. D. from Johns Hopkins University
in 1886, and the honorary degree of LL, D. from
Wake Forest College in 1887, Tulane University
in 1898, Johns Hopkins .University in 1901, Rut-
gers College in 1902, the University of Pennsyl-
vania in 1903, Brown University in 1907, and the
honorary degree of Litt. D. was conferred upon
him by Yale University in 1901,
%
Thomas R. Marshall.
Like his running mate on the democratic presi-
dential ticket, Thomas Riley Marshall, Governor
of the historically doubtful state of Indiana, has
held but one public office before his nomination
at Baltimore. This is his present office, to which
he was elected for the four-year term expiring
in 1913.
Like Woodrow Wilson, also, Governor Mar-
shall has spent much of his life and devoted con-
siderable time to university supervision and di-
rection. For many years he has been a trustee
of W abash College, while honorary degrees have
been conferred upon his by that institution, his
alma mater. Notre Dame University, and the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania.
Governor Marshall, when it became known that
he was a receptive candidate for the nomination,
was described as “a progressive with the brakes
set. It is this feature which has commended
him to his supporters. Furthermore, he has de-
monstrated his ability to carry his own state in
the gubernatorial race in favorable and unfavor-
able circumstances in the face of‘the Taggert
machine. He also was able to force the nomi-
nation of John W. Kern as the party candidate
for the I nited States senate to succeed Albert
J. Beveridge.
Governor Marshall was born in North Man-
Chester, Ind., on March 14, 1854. the son of Daniel
Marshall and Martha Patterson Marshall. In
1873 he received the degree of A. B. from Wabash
College and was admitted to the Indiana bar
in 1875 For several years he practised at Col-
(Io be continued on next page.)
Mr. Wilson went to Atlanta, Ga., in 1882 and
for a year practised law, but in 1885 he gave up
that profession to become professor of history
and political economy in Bryn Mawr University,
then just formed, and which reached out for the
brilliant young men of the day for members of
its faculty. Most of Mr. Wilson's colleagues in
that faculty have since become famous. Just
before accepting the position at Bryn'Mawr Mr.
Wilson was married to Miss Ellen Louis Axson
in Savannah.
After three years at Bryn Mawr Mr. Wilson
resigned to take a samilar position at Wesleyan
University, in Middletown, Conn., where he re-
mained for two years, at the end of which time
he took the chair of jurisprudence and politics
in Princeton University. From 1887 until 1898
Mr. Wilson was a lecturer at Johns Hopkins Uni-
versity.
Just twelve years after he returned to his alma
mater as professor of jurisprudence and politics
Mr. Wilson became the head of the institution.
Mr. Wilson succeeded the late Alexander John-
son in the chair of political economy and juris-
prudence at Princeton, but in 1892 a separate
chair of political economy was established, Pro-
fessor Daniels being called to fill it, and from that
time until his election to the presidency Mr. Wil-
son was professor of jurisprudence and politics.
From the time he began to teach, in 1885, until
1909, Mr. Wilson was continuously at work, never
having had a leave of absence.
In 1902 Dr. Patton, then president of the uni-
versity. resigned and Mr. Wilson was elected to
succeed him, being the first layman to occupy the
presidential chair and the first graduate for thir-
ty-four1 years.
Mr. Wilson wrought many changes in the in-
stitution, organizing the faculty into departments,
each with its separate head, and under his lead-
ership the curriculum in 1904 was revised and co-
ordinated on a principle of discipline in prescribed
courses in the first years and great elasticity in
later years.
Mr. Wilson proposed his widely discussed
“quad” system in 1907. It was based on an idea
which he had cherished for many years, the chief
purpose of which was the social and intellectual
co-ordination of the university. Dr. Wilson’s pro-
posal caused quite a stir in the educational cir-
cles of the country. His boldness in announcing
his views on the collegiate problems of the day
brought him into the center of prominence as a
leader of thought about higher education and
affairs of the state.
Early in his career in the presidential chair at
Princeton Mr. Wilson came to the attention of
reformers and he was widely sought as a lec-
turer on political economy and on politics. His
books on these subjects had a wide circulation,
too.
Mr. Wilson was mentioned for the Democratic
nomination for the presidency in 1908, but he
long refused to be considered the scholar who had
branched out into the political arena. In 1910,
however, he was induced to seek the nomination
for governor of New Jersey, to which office he
was elected on Jan. 17, 1911.
From that moment Mr. Wilson’s name was
mentioned more frequently as the choice of the
democracy in 1912. He outlined it in several
speeches throughout the country in 1911. Here
is what he said at Indianapolis in April. 1911:
“I take these objects to be to open up all the
processes of politics—open them wide to public
view; to make them accessible to every force
that moves, every opinion that prevails in the
thought of the people; to give society command
of its own economic life again, not by revolution
of the principle that the people have a right
to look into such matters and to control them ;
to safeguard our resources and the lives of our
workmen and women and children (our chief nat-
ural resources) against the selfishness of private
use and profit ; to cut all privileges and patron-
age and private advantage and secret use of our
fiscal’legislation; to equalize the burdens of tax-
ation, and to throw open the gates of opportuni-
ty to mankind,”
Mr. Wilson’s pen was constantly busy. His
first work was “Congressional Government,” pre-
pared as a thesis for his Ph. D. degree. Such
was the thought revealed by the thesis that it
quickly became more than a mere college paper
and was soon recognized as an invaluable work
on the theory and practice of legislation.
While at Wesleyan he completed his second
book and began his third, “The State,” and “Di-
vision and Reunion,” The latter volume was
history simply, but it showed his clarity of ex-
pression and an exceptional narrative ability.
Biography ofche
His life of Washington and his history of the
United States added to his fame as a writer and
historian. While engaged on these works Mr.
Wilson found time to contribute frequently to the
magazines, and many of his essays have been
collected into volumes the titles of which are
"An Old Master" and “Mere Literature.”
In all of Mr. Wilson’s writings, standing out
even as clearly as the thoughts, theories and
ideals, is the style. Literary style was one of
his great early aims, and that he practised the
art in which he believes is shown by the fin-
ished product.
Mr. Wilson on his father’s side comes from
sturdy stock which lived through the early days
of Ohio, a state well known for its production of
Presidents, and on his mother’s side he is Scotch-
Irish.
The candidate’s family are active in religious
work and Governor Wilson himself is an elder
in the Presbyterian church at Princeton, N. J.
His youngest daughter, Miss Jessie, is a member
of the National Board of the Young Women’s
Christian Association. She was recently the
leader of a summer student conference for Bible
study.
Friends of Governor Wilson have said that his
political ability is vested in his family, which con-
sists of a charming wife and three equally at-
tractive daughters. That they would grace the
executive mansion or any other home in the
country is the unanimous opinion of the hundreds
of men and women who have called at Sea Girt
sinee-it became-suchaarge-spctemthe-map. —
Although a decidedly domestic and harmonious
family, mother and daughters have vocations of
their own and are possessed of ideas of their own
in the issues and current topics of the day.
Mrs. Wilson was born in Georgia. After her
engagement to Mr. Wilson she took up the study
art art at the Art Students’ League in New York.
She continued her art work after her marriage
for three years, until the birth of her first daugh-
ter. She liked portraiture, and the summer home
here contains many examples of her art, several
of them executed in recent years. A clever,
smiling, matronly woman, she is described as an
ideal housewife and mother, and Governor Wil-
son declares that she has been his chief aid in
his rise to fame.
Mr. and Mrs. Wilson have carried into ef-
fect advanced ideas in the education of their
daughters. They are proficient in German and
French, and each has specialized along a par-
ticular line. Miss Margaret is a singer, and
has frequently appeared in choral festivals in
New York, where she is still studying.
Miss Jessie intended to become a missionary,
but was dissuaded byfriends and has contented
herelf with settlement work in Philadelphia.
Miss Eleanor has inherited her mother’s artistic
ability, and after leaving St. Mary’s school at
Raleigh, N. C., took up a course of study at the
Academy of Fine Arts in Philadelphia.
---- I Hl :
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Texas City Times (Texas City, Tex.), Vol. 4, No. 10, Ed. 1 Friday, August 9, 1912, newspaper, August 9, 1912; Texas City, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth1576795/m1/4/?q=Lamar+University: accessed June 5, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Moore Memorial Public Library.