The Snyder Signal. (Snyder, Tex.), Vol. TWENTY-EIGHTH YEAR, No. 43, Ed. 1 Friday, April 9, 1915 Page: 3 of 8
eight pages : ill. ; page 15 x 9 in. Digitized from 35 mm. microfilm.View a full description of this newspaper.
Extracted Text
The following text was automatically extracted from the image on this page using optical character recognition software:
TERRORS OF THE SEAS
Uncle Sam's New J 000-Ton
Sea-Going Submarine
The Kuropean conflict 1ms brought forth
a new epoch in modioli naval warfare for
the monster dreadnought unco considered
the kin of the bob has found his deadliest
enemy In tho little submarine.
This wonderful construction 01 -kiiik like
a gpeek from the water mid wreaking terri-
Me destruction has become the most feared
of eeagoing; craft. Tim' the (ist poWerful
navy must dread the ironclad devilfish is
shown by the fact thai during the presold
war one submarine rank three armored cruis-
ers at one time.
The suhmarine. moreover reiuains mis-
tress of the deep sen for modern science has
not ynt found a way for one of these craft
to destroy another. When that day comes
wars will prolmhly he fought under water.
til') United Sinle-t inivy has ordered
the building of 11 submarine of I.OIK)
tons displacement. Heretofore the
biggest of our under water boats
have not exceeded .VHI tons disnlnce.
ment when submerged. . oM. ulride there-
fore we are doubling Hie size of these suh-
aiicoiis haltlo units.
Hut this is not the whole stnrv hv any
means. It is only one singe in a definite line
shortly produce
mum
HI
i t '
JWWKifc...
r- aw I' ll -.!'---' ?-. .iTT
ta. . . "-K'miirw..
r v
t.-ili-sWWW'!'
i -illllT yy'1lr
I" Hi
of development whi
a hum more inrmiiinnic type oi oeeaii going
submarine torpedo vessel. The secret vis
disclosed at a recent hearing lii-l'circ the .oin-
mitli'e on naval affairs of ilie house of rep
rcHcnlntives. Commander Vales Stirling dr.
who is in charge of tin. Alliuilie submarine
flotilla mndc the following sliileiui'iit of what
American nnval strategists have planned in
the way of an order for giant submarines:
"From the studies of officers at the war
college there was developed what was eon
siilered tho coming Kiihinariue. mid called the
ASm. It whs a vessel of about J.OHO Ions
displacement. It carried minor anil it was
capable of going at high speed at almul '5
knots. That was entirely theoretical of
course. Wo played with them on the game
hoard nnd they accompanied the fleet and
went with the fleet wherever it went and
it was a weapon of which a tiallleshii vva-
xery much afraid. Of course it was only on
paper."
Furthermore ('oniinandcr Stirling said:
"My experience in the suliiiiariue flotilla ami
from talking to nuhmiiriuc officers as to what
they could do with tioals of that tvpc has
convinced me Hint the natural trend of de-
velopment of the Htihniiiriiic Is upward Mini
not downward not to the small defensive
tyM) hut rather to the larger fleet -'liuMi
line an offensive hiilniiiiriuc."
'The 100 Ion submarine just ordered will
cost $I.'I."DIHI0 and is designed to have a
surface speed of -0 knots a submerged spe i
of 11 knot ami a cruising radius of more
than 1000 null's. It will carry auti torpedo
boat defense guns in addition In a powerful
armament of torpedo lubes. While not as
largo as the theoretical vessel conceived ii
the naval war college still the new boat is
an important development.
The first boat of our present day t'loiilla
of submarines was the little Hnllnml. pur
chased early in April of llioo ju- fifteen
years ago. She had been built as a specula
live venture by the company back of liie late
lulin 1'. Holland. The Leal mis onlv a trifle
morn than .V! feel long and when moii-ilv
submerged represented ii deinl weight or 'olid
displacement of but seventy four Ions! Ilm
speed on Hie surface was around si knots
ami under water it was s inicwhnl h-s.
There was not much of the i raft In be seen
above the waves when in the so called light
trim. The march of mechanical progress Inn I
helped Mr. Holland iimiicn-clv . for it bad
developed the cxpln-ive engine and I he slot
age battery forms of niolive power and pro
pilUive encrgv which his predecessors had
not had at their disposal e injointlv.
Thanks In Mr. Holland's tirolis- efforts
he proved at least that a submarine was
practicable nnd that a v I of that soil
could lie sclf-conlained and capable of div-
ing wilh a good clianec of coming safely to
the surface again. As n re.i1 instrument of
warfare the Holland was nut formidable but
she hud great suggestive value.
But lln inventor was nut the only mini
in America lo give impetus to the art of
subaqueous mi igalion. I.ate in the year
l!H)J Simon Ijike launched at liridgeporl.
Conn. tii1c a different type of under water
boat after he had previously done some con-
vincing experimental work in this field of
'(mechanical endeavor. Mr. I .like believed that
subaqueous craft should primarily he surface
going vessels capable of submerging when
Secessarv to approach unseen their targets
in time of war. To meet the requirements
of safetv combined with greater size he
elected to make his boats sink or rise upon
an even keel their height rather than their
length determining the depth of water in
which they could be maneuvered satisfactor-
ily. Tims his idea of the submersible dif-
fered from the diving Mihuiiuinc of the Inle
tiiciMC Htree
r
rstwc
Mr. Holland's plan.
Mr. Holland and his contemporaneous
worknrB in this field of naval architecture
designed that their bouts should in the light-
est condition show very little of their hulls.
In other words only a moderate amount of
water ballast which could be taken in quick-
ly would then be needed in order m make tho
submarine ready to run beneath the waves.
This meant that all of the crew would have
to be shut up inside of tho submarine when
the sea was at all rough.
The submersible on tho other hand as Mr.
Lake evolved it had a superstructure which
insured a large measure of reserve buoyancy
when in the light or normal surface coudi-
li ui and this made for seaworthiness anil
offered a chance for I he crew to come out up-
on the deck or lo stand upon the conning
tower in all bill extremely stormy weather
liecause of the space thus obtained inside of
the superstructure room was left within the
pressure resisling shell of the submersible
for coiiil'ortable bunking aceommodalions
and space where (lie men could sit and P-sl
or read w hen off duly. At once this put the
under water boat in a class approaching the
ordinary torpedo boat.
This reference to what the two Aiiierienn
inventors have done is needful in order to
make ilear the developments that have fol
lowed both here mid abroad. While some
of the Kuropean countries have outstripped
us in the size of their under sea boats much
of their lead is undoubtedly due to the pre-
liminary work d by Mr. Holland and Mr.
Lake. Hut Ihev were anticipated hv another
ili-signer. an Irishman who did some things
in the way of building submarines that were
liuly remarkable. The genius in quest um
was the Uev. (ienrge W illiam liarrett who
was intended by nature to be an engineer.
Mr. (larrell's father was a minister and
the son served for a while as hi assistant.
To add to his all too slim salary (he sou gave
boxing h-.-iais iu the back janl.ol'a public
house lie ua- anything bill a tvpical par
Son. and his restless energies were laler di-
rected to the designing building and test-
iug of a submarine known as the lie-nrt-an
which wies n ii tort nun I it lost off the Welsh
coast when undertaking deep water experi-
ments. 'I'o return In the latter du.v submarines.
There was in the beginning a hazy notion
mining naval ue'ii us to .just how the-e craft
i-hoiild he employed m in f war. Now it
is recognized I J mi 1 their mission is to do in
the daytime just what the destroyer seeks to
achieve iiflir nightfall thai is to gel uinib
served within torpedo range of the eremv.
Itul the increasing size of under water
hunts has brought in its train a iiiiinipiihi
live problem. It was not long ago that i
of I he Kaisi r's "" hunt'- was caiigln iu I lie
UVVUsh cnllilil ioll. Illld betnle she could take
ill enough water ballast lo dive she was ram
mid by a speedy lirilish desirover and enl
to the bntlniii. You mii.-t I. now' thai it is
impossible for these sllliil'l Ih'i 11 . torpedo Ves
sels lo fnfee tllelli-elves below (lie slllfaie hv
llieir siihineiging nalders unlil their je-ervt-of
tiiiovauce ha- been reduced to a ceriiiin
point.
Much has been doiie however iu the iue
of facilitating this operation ami in the ui '-l
up to-dale siilmif r-ihlcs mil more than sj
minutes is n led in which to pa-s fioin the
light surface stale to readiness to dive the
craft then having a reserve huov nncv of in. 'I'
ably not inure than oihi pounds. even
so. Ibis siluaiion bus its dangers in the pn.
ence of destrov el's capable of making thirtv
odd knots an hour. Inside of six iii'iiutes at
a swed of thirty knots a surface erafl could
cover three miles and from a distance of five
inili-s could soon get cloe enough to make
certain of sinking a submarine hv gun fire.
This is one of the elements of weakness iu
the submersible which the designers are seek
iug to overcome.
One of tile best solutions of the problem is
that offered by the famous Italian firm the
I'ia I San (iiorgio of Speziu. Mainr ( isare
l.aui'enti. the technical direct r of the com
puny has trofiiced some notable hunts and
lias lately finished the bigge-t vessels of ihi-
lyie afloat. Indeed one of these was given
her trial hv tiennanv onlv a few diivs aeo.
The craft lias a submerged displacement of
about l..'!00 tons - sieiaew hat niniv Hum the
yeagoing submarine which we ate lo build.
t mui
Outwardly the boats am not unlike the
general modeling of a typical surface torpedo
crnft save that there is an absence of smoke
stacks. The designer has adopted a form of
superstructure which when closed at the
surface insures a measure of reserve buoy-
ancy amounting to quite &0 per cent of Urn
surface displacement; being in fact a great
deal more than that of the bulk of ocean-
going commercial ships. And yet he makes it
possible to flood this buoyancy space quick-
ly by opening a number of vents and ports
controlled from within the submarine while
otherwise facilitating the taking in of water
in the remaining ballast tanks in-ide the
main hull itself. Accordingly the l.nurenti
type is exceptionally seaworthy and speed v
in light trim and can be got nailer water
from that surface state in a remarkably brief
period. This achievement goes a long wav
toward making the submarine dreadnought
possible because the bigger Hie submersible
the more water ballast must be handled in n
short lime.
I 'nder water the vast majority of present
suhmorsihles are propelled eleeirically; the
motors drawing llieir energy from sinrage
balteries. The storage buttery for a siihnia
rine limit is probably the most extravagant
source of power and pound for pound it is
not neiirlv so efficient as the explosive en
f:ine used for surface travel. The Fdison
iiillery promises to help out iu this purlieu
lar. The biggest boats under eonslruelion
abroad can now travel submerged at the rale
of between 10 and II knots lor about three
hours ami at a five knot speed can run un
der water for IJ.'i miles.
One of the greatest mechanical improve-
ments in Hie art of submarine navigation lias
been the substitution of the heav y oil engine
for the gasoline motor which was iiniversallv
employed until the last few vuirs. Ilu-oline
as a find proved extremely daien riiii- because
of the violently explosive mil lire of its h' in v
fumes and llieir insidious poisoning or n-
phyxrniing properties. With the develop
incut of a suitable marine motor for tiinh-r
wilier craft there has ciune a gain in the di
nctloll of safety and flexibility. I Illl-e the
more iiiodern engines can he rev er-ei and tee
heavy oil does not produce (he same evpl i
sive ga-es.
Some idea of tile gl'.al Ihi.hllllv of tile I.
est seagoing sllblliersilUes eall I"- LrII t in I ' . I
troiii (lie tact that thev earn aiuigli IuiumI
fllel to make it pit-silde fur I!' in to ou-'r
more than .i.noil mile- at a crni-in- -pcc. f
l) knots an hour on the surtaie. In oiln-r
words where to. original sulnnaiiiie ua-
purely a harbor ib feii-e craft of limited ra
dins of action the present dav -uiunariiie cm
lake to the high ea and lrm l along x . T i .
the haltlo siuidroii- of ilrcniln. night-. Tl'me
toe till' eli'-ICV lll-li'U'1 of ln'lllg ui'- It' ll
iiinler watei aila'-k when onlv a lew in k- ofi
a foe's coast imist now rc-knii with a -ii"
niersilile e en iu mid an.
( 'oininander St irling ileelaie'l t-;.it lie im
val wai Ih-L'e craft the ASm of :k"'i" i.n
iiisplaeemenl. was artniireil. Xnu -u I on; . 1 1
hnals lodav generallv are nut
llitholltf!) some of lhn-e Uov I'Ulllh
tinished are said to In s- ( . -.
of the evi-ling undersea craft
pri.i.
nig "
The
Ml lit
bulk
IJI'i'll
sinking below the wiivi-s. and letting tin- si
perposed waler guard them.
It is cleurlv evident from tin- excrt's di-
Insure as well ui Iretii the kii"wn In-nd ;n
'lie art. tliat ttie submarine vc-sel f ti iu
"no will have defensive -teel planng up .n
t ae exposcil parts t' In-r upper hud. and Pin-
when partlv out of the waler vrdl I. ai . ti
face a toe'- fne and run at high si..) w h. n
advancing to torpedo range. A- it is to.ui.
the submarine nni-i sMk .ow the sip-f; e
to eseape well nigh certain anuiiiilaiiiui Irmn
'he had of .hells that can be l.ri.iignt to h.-ni
upon her from the rapid fire gun- of a -ur
lace vc-sel. 't he mniin-nl ne g inch r li e
water her - I drop- In a n.arl.e.l i. gi-s-.
tor then tier storage batteries mu-t -iini'li
the motive energv and the p.over evii'lalke
i cnu-idernbly h-s tlan that evert. -d by tin
ml engines.
This stati' of affair- brings us la-.- to fa e
with another prol'lchi of the ml. The aim
of the engineer is to devcl ip a -ingle or uni
v eisal typ ot motor lor under-cii -r.i 1 1
uenmi cun
MTMllMrMirv MCMIM
PW MMrMIJ II X. itcan turcH I
Ib.-l
I 9 HHUHO
r
i K
is to say the desire is lo get rid of tho stor-
age baitery which is extremely heavy in
proportion lo its propulsive output nnd to
supply iu its stead an engine that will suf-
fice both for surface nnd subsurface running.
One of the most ingenious schemes so fnr
advanced is that Miggested by the distin-
guished Italian engineer Del rroposlo who
would provide a universal motor in the shatsi
of a Ihesel heavy oil engine capable of gen-
erating a large supplv of compressed air
while driving the submarine on the surface.
In other words part of the motive energy of
the engine while turning the profiler would
be employed in driving a suitable air com-
pressor. In the space where storage balleries arc
now installed he would stow air flasks capa-
ble of holding al very high pressure a large
amount of air. When submerged Ibis air
would be fed to the heavy oil engine instead
of oil. und 111."1 expairdve force of the com-
pressed air would work the pistons in place
of the explosive oil utilized w hen running on
the surface.
The principal drawback to this solution of
the problem lies in the fact thai Hie exhaust
air passing overboard would leave a conspic-
uous trail of bubbles upon the waves just as
a torpedo now belrav- its path. However
it may he found pns-ililc lo reduce this evil.
The beauty of the scheme is that the full
power of the engines could he utilized when
running submerged and this would make it
possible to drive the submarine craft at a
higher speed than is now ullaiiiable.
It i-- said that enough air for subsurface
propulsion could be stored in the high pros
sure flu k- to prov id" motive caergv for sev-
eral hours. Melallurgv lm- nlivailv supplied
material for the mat ng of llu de-ireil re-er
v oir-. and the I la-1.- t"da . although no heav
ier than tho-e inainii'in t nn d a few years
hack can sui'elv hold air at a much higher
pressure. Willi -neb a motor perfected nn
nnniea-e siruie wmmi n- mail" lowaM tne
submarine div
illlollglll.
THE VALUE 0? INTSRURBAN LINES.
I
in liiiu-
lial'le Ii
wnv lin
i.-piv
iih I-.
III V II"
ir.rtnli
tl'e pe
s tliroi.g
mil- i- I
.ri in lb
el's iulerari-an
lir-"'tl"u- lo le at
' lit in.-; lei ot' ; i
:l I ' III.' eolinl
Ii M.m
pie I'l
I'll II I llllpliO ellli'lll
u i ad and more v a I
I i"' iiile! iirlinu rail-
I iitleil Male-.
in our imn -tale.
lii
mi i
In
Cll
"It I.
hoi
II
Hid
l.llli
'I to no
i -I trav
el I
d;il. I"
Tho Drsrk CsiitiU'.wt
i:.d
eat
1.1 1"
d lo Le .1.
II hU'.U
Ol' ll:V
rii'hui
-euturv
w.-u
ai'.'iust
' -l'-.
Killing Wcrtthtr on Gulf Coast.
f klCit'il A kll'lUg tl'o-l V-Ited t I'tss
n .Vini 'di doing c"U-l.l"ralue damage
' In.'i ' I' ll !1 I I k'ill-. I'olliilloes. IHitil-!"'.lll-
ail'! . !. '! Ill "PS iVel'e killed. Illld
giii.l.'U .. tal'i.'- i i .j i : i - I more or less.
count v owning cow s
I v.-iir for en-am and
tbe marketing asso-
r Fanner- of I 'main In
r n.d ov.t -!. las
butti r -hipped iiiroiigh
j lal'oii.
rM wvHie
MM MftMICM
wm ivi no J I i I i '
rn T I
T2 J.CH'RItI L'l i I v r- rrn
t TTTt" TT 1 T.f t TJ ViY
a i r r r
-s-s j i t y 1 i i y mmn k mi snhi
Upcoming Pages
Here’s what’s next.
Search Inside
This issue can be searched. Note: Results may vary based on the legibility of text within the document.
Matching Search Results
View two places within this issue that match your search.Tools / Downloads
Get a copy of this page or view the extracted text.
Citing and Sharing
Basic information for referencing this web page. We also provide extended guidance on usage rights, references, copying or embedding.
Reference the current page of this Newspaper.
The Snyder Signal. (Snyder, Tex.), Vol. TWENTY-EIGHTH YEAR, No. 43, Ed. 1 Friday, April 9, 1915, newspaper, April 9, 1915; Snyder, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth288094/m1/3/?q=Lamar+University: accessed May 29, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; .