Telegraph and Texas Register (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 8, No. 29, Ed. 1, Wednesday, July 5, 1843 Page: 1 of 4
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as or states jaj)er.
MENZIKOFF.
Alexander Menzikoff, who rose to the highest offices
of state in Russia, during the reign of Peter the Great,
was born of parents so .excessively poor, that .they could
not afford to have him taught to read and write. After
their deatht he went to Moscow to seek for employment,
where he found-an asylum with a pastry'cook. He had
a ve.y fine voice, and soon became known in that great
city., from the musical tone of h's cry whpn vending his
mas'erpastry; in the street. ESis voice also gained him
admissioV-krtothe houses of many noblemen ; and he was
fortunate enough ore to be in the kitchen of a great lord
with whom the .emperor was to dine. While Menzikoff
was there, the nobleman came into the kitchen, and give
directions about a particular .dish, to which be said the
eoapei-er was. very partial ; into this dish he dropped (as
be thought unperceived) a powder. Menzikoff observed
it, but .taking notice, immediately left the bouse j and when
be saw the emperor's carriage coming, he began to sing
very loud. Peter, .attracted by his voice, called him, and
"brought all the .pies he had in his basket. He asked some
.questions of Menzikoff, and was so much pleased with his
answers, that be commanded him to follow u'm to the
nobleman's hoes, and wait behind his chair. The ser-
vants were suryrised at this order but it proved of the
.greatest importance to Peter ; for when the nobleman
pressed his royal guest to take of this favorite dish, his
jiew'servant gently pulled him by the sleeve, and begged
he 'Would not touch it till he had" spoken to him. The
emperor immediately withdrew with Menzikoff; who in-
formed his imperial master of his suspicions. The Czar
returned to the company, and suddenly turning to his host,
pressed him to partake of the favorite dish. Terrified at
this command, he said, "It did not become the servant to
eat before his master." The emperor then offered it to a
log, who greedily devoured its contents, and shortly after-
wards expired in the greatest torments !
The rise of Menzikoff was from that moment rapid be-
yond example. He was loaded, with honors, and fre-
quently appeared in public as Vice-Czar, the emperor as-
suming the rank of a private person. It is not very sur-
prising, that as extraordinary and suaJen an elevation
.should cause Menzikoff sometimes to forget that he was a
jnan.' His enemies trembled at his presence; for, as his
xjower was great, so was his revenue. After the death of
his imperial master, to whom he was warmly attached, he
jemained faithful to Catherine; and upon her decease,
he placed the crown upon the head of Peter III. son of
the unfortunate Alexis, and grandson of his benefactor.
Itis.said he had formed the ambitious design of marrying
his daughter to this young prince. The sun of prosperi-
ty, however," which had hitherto shone in meridian splen-
dor upon Alexander Menzikoff, was now fast sinking into
the darkest gloom. The Dolgoroukis, a noble family who
hated him, were artful, pliable, and insinuating; Peter
was young, unsuspicious, and easily imposed upon by the
frank and apparently disinterested friendship of younger
branches of the family. The reign of the man who bad
.placed him on the throne, was now, at the instigation of
the Dolgoroukis, resolved on, and the fall of Menzikoff
was even more rapid than his rise. As he had seldom
shown mercy, so little was shown to him. His banish-
ment to Berezof wa3 attended with every aggravation that
could be ; imagined. Previous to this fatal sentence, he
had been deprived -of his dignities, his pensions, his em-
ployments. This blow was quickly followed by another;
he was banished the court, and desired to confine himself
io his country house at Oranienburg. On his way thither
he was overtaken by a messenger, accompanied by a par-
ty of dragoons, who brought the fatal mandate of banish
ment to Siberia. Berezof is situated near the mouth of
theOby: during six months in the year there is no actual
day-light, and the earth is covered with frost and snow.
What a situation for persons who had been used to every
luxury, every indulgence ! The Princess Menzikoff died
on the journey, and was buried on the banks of the Wolga.
She had always very weak eyes, and they were so affec-
ted, by the cold and her excessive weeping, that she lost
her sight before the half of her journey was completed.
This unfortunate family were treated like the worst of
cran aals. Their dresses were twice changed; first to
the 'jirsst woollen, then to the coarsest stuffs. After
far-in used to walk upon the softest carpets, clothed, in
the richest attire, and to travel with every possible conven-
ience, they were now exposed to cold, and all the inclem-
encies of the weather, in small wooden carts which are
made without springs, and which ate,always uspd to con-
vey criminals to their place of exile. Menzikoff and one
of his daughters lived to reach Berezof, but to end their
days ia thru place of solitude.
When Menzikoff found his death approaching, hecall-
ed his children to his bedside, and thus addressed them :
x,My children, I draw near to my last hour; death, the
thoughts of which have been familiar to me since I have
been here, would have nothing terrible in it, if I had only
to account to the Supreme Judge for the time I Save passed
in misiortune. tutnerio your nearts have been Free from
corruption. V j-j will preserve your innocence better in
these deserts than at court; but should you return to it, re-
collect only the examples which your father has given
you here."
On the accession of the Empress Anne to the throne,
MenzikofTs younger daughter, and his son. returned to
Russia; and the Dolgoroukis.felt, in their turn, all the
honors they had contributed to inflict on theMenzikoffs;
with this aggravation, that the same person who conduct-
ed them to Berezof, carried with him the recall of Menzi-
.toff and his family. The cold of this part of Siberia is so
intense, as to preclude the capalilityof culture; and the
solitude so great, that the poor exile sees only his fellow-
sufferers in misery, except now and then a solitary Tartar,
who may by chance pass near his dwelling on his way to
Tobolsk, witn his tribute of furs.
Life and Death of the Sexes The laws of life and
mortality between the sexes are very remarkable. They
are stated thus:
1. In the present condition of the white population of
the United States, the number of females born per annum
is about 12,000 less than the males. This determines of
itself that the laws of our religion and nature are the same
that one man shall be the husband of one woman.
2. At 20 years of age the females exceed the males.
This proves that between birth and 20 the'mortality
among the boys has been much greater than that among
the girls.
3. From 20 to 40 the. men again much exceed the
wotren, which shows that this is the period of greatest
mortality among women
4 From 40 to 70 the difference rapidly diminishes,
the females, as in the early part of life, gaining on the
HOUST
males. This shows that this is the period of greatest dan-
ger and exposure to men, the least to women.
5. From 70 onward the women outnumber the men.
This shews conclusively that, relatively speaking, in com-
parison with men, the healthiest period of female life is at
the close of it. Absolutely, however, no period to either
sex is so healthy as that of youth the blooming period
of boyhood and girlhood.
The above deductions of statistical tables correspond
with everyday observations of human life.
Women are exposed to peculiar hazards in the middle
of life; but in the long run far the largest part of this ex-
posure, danger and risk, in civilized nations fall on men
in the active periods of life.
ON
BY T.
POTATOES
A. KNIGHT, ESQ,.
In a letter which I published last autumn, I stated that
I had obtained a produce of potatoes equivalent to S87
bushels and 3 lbs., (each bushel weighing 60 lbs ) per
S'atute acre, and then I expressed an intention which I
now fulfil, ot pointing out the means by which such an
extraordinary crop was obtained, and by which, of other
crop3 of equal magnitude may be again obtained ; and I
look forward with confidence to obtaining in the present
year a produce equivalent to 1000 bushels per acre of first
rate quality.
The first point to which I wish to direct the attention
of the cultivator of the potatoe is iht age of the variety
for it has long been known, that every variety cultivated,
gradually becomes debilitated, and loses a large portion
of its powers of producing ; and I believe, that almost
every variety now ctltivated in this and the adjoining
counties, has long since passed the period of its age at
which it ought to have resigned its place to a successor.
No variety should ever be cultivated which uselessly
expends itself in the production of seeds, nor even of full
grown blossoms, unlets it possesses some valuabled redeem-
ing qualities. "
The distance of the intervals between the rows should
be regulated whol'y by the length required by the stems
in each particular soil and situation- If the utmost length
required by the stemibefour feet, let the.intervals between
the rows be four feet also; and if the variety be of dwar-
fish habits, and its longest stem docs not exceed two feet,
intervals of two feet will be sufficient.
The rows hould be made from norlh to south, that the
mid-day sUn may be permitted fully to shine between them,
for every particle ofliving matter found in the tuberous
root of the potatoe plant, has been generated in the leaves,
(which act only when exposed to the light,) and has de-
scended beneath the soil.
Each et should weigh at least six ounces, and they
should never be placed at greater distances from each oth-
er, than six inches from centre to centre, and a preference
should be given to whole potatoes when such can be ob-
tained. If the growth of the plant be very dwarfish, four
inches between the sett from centre to centre will be pref-
erable ; and if the form of the potatoe be long and kidney-
shaped, a good deal of advantage will be gained by placing
them to stand upon their ends, that end which joihed the
parent plant placed downwards.
The largest produce will generally be obtained from
varieties of rather early habits, and rather low stature,
there being in tall plants much time necessarily lost in
carrying nutrimpnt, which has ' absorbed from the
soil, up into the leaves and down '.ram, in the state of liv-
ing sap, to the lubts
Varieties which have strong stems and erect form, are
to be preferred, because such are least subject to fall upon,
and shade the ioliage of each other.
It is much more advantageous to incorporate the ma-
nure with the soil by means of the spade or plough, than
to put it in with the sets; for in the latter case, a large ma-
jority of the roots during the summer or autumn do not de-
rive advantage from it.
Early planting is, under almost all circumstances, best;
and the period, except for some very peculiar varieties,
should never be later than the month of" April.
The following details of an experiment to ascertain the
relative advantage of planting cut or uncut potatoes, is at
your service for publication, if you think it of sufficient
importance.
I planted this year alternate rows of cut and uncut pota-
toes in each hill of the whole potatoes. The hills were
three feet apart, each way, and of course the number of
hills in an ecre is four thousand eight hundred and forty.
The produce of the rows planted with cut potatoes was at
the rate of three hundred and thirty-five bushels the acre,
or twenty-three thousand five hundred and twenty pounds.
The produce of the rows planted with whole potatoes was
at the rate of four hundred and fifty-eight bushels, or thirty-two
thousand and sixty pounds. The difference in the
crop in favour ot whole potatoes was at the rate ot one
hundred and twenty-two bushels the acre; but as there
were twenty-two bushels more of seed to the acre used in
planting the whole potatoes, the net gain was only one
hundred bushels. However, as one bushel of potatoes at
the season of plantingis usually worth two bushels at har-
vest timp, it will be more accurate to calculate the gain at
seventy-eight bushels. The kind of potatoes planted was
iheichile blue nose which is decidedly the best potatoe for
the table I have ever cultivated, though a moderate bearer,
unless it receives generous treatment. Ncio-England
Farmer.
Great Flight of Birds. There was a tremendous
storm of lightning and thunder last night, commencing at
about nine o'clock and continuing till near daylight.
During the prevalence of the storm avast number of
birds were flying over the city, which from the noise they
made are supposed to be of the plover species. The flight
continued for saveral hours, aud unless the birds flew
round and about there must have been myriads of them
for in all parts of the city and in every direction, the noise
they made was heard.
We have not heard it suggested by any one where rtie (
birds came from orjwhither they were going whetfier
they were wafted here by the storm, or whether they
were on the - regular annual passage. Those who have
any information to give upon the subject, would gratify
many curious in such matters by laying it before the pub-
lic Since the above was in type, we learn that several of
these birds have been caught. Two of them took shelter
in the' police office, where they may now be seen. They
are a very beautiful bird, about the size of a robin, having
a greyish plumage are exceedinly wild and restless.
We hear of others having been caught in several houses
in the city. Baltinore American.
Tea. About the year 1650, the East India Company
received from Barnram two canisters containing 143 lbs.
of tea, and this is believed to have been the first importa-
tion of this article. The introduction of the use of it is a
beverage was very gradual, as appears by the following
curious memorandum in the diary of Mr. Pepys, Secreta-
ry of the Admiralty; "September 25, 1661, I sent for a
case of tea, a Chinese drink of 'i;fh 1 never drunk."
In Great Britain, the duties , and the impoitation
of it, were inconsiderable till x 0, by which time the
East India Company first thought the article uotth their
attention as a branch of trade. In a few years the arran-
ged importation amounted to 60,000 lbs. per annum the
aveiage price being 16s. In 1721, the quantity of tea
imported exceeded a million of pounds, nnd from that peri-
od the importation arid consumption of tea in that country
rapidly incrensid.
But few prbons are probably aware of the immense
amount of money now paid every year to the Chinese for
tea. The quantity of this leafconsunifd in Great Britain
is truly enormous and although it is freely used by nil
classes, it cannot be classed among the necessaries of life
it contains little or no nutriment, and is undoubtedly in
ON, WEDNESDAY, JULY 5,
1843.
jurious to some constitutions. We are told by the "Fran"
vulirk Chica," that the number of shopkeepers who, in
1832, took out licenses to sell this article by retail, in the
United Kingdom, was one hundred and one thousand
six hundred and eighty seven, and we may suppose that
the amount has rather increased than diminished since
that period. To supply them the East India Company
during the last three or "four years before the exportation
of their charter, imported no less than thirty-one million
five hundred thousand pounds of tea annually, in which
the protection of green to black was one to five. Since
the opening of the free trade a still greater quantity has
been brought over, so that in 1 834 no fewer than one hun-
dred and fifty British vessels of eighty-two thousand four
hundred and seventy tons register, resorted to Wampoa,
and took away with them the enormous quantity of forty
three million si? hundred and forty one thousand two hun-
dred pounds of tea. Since this period the amount has
rather diminished, the losses sustained having somewhat
cooled the ardor of the speculators; but still it has excee-
ded the average quantity import, d by theEast India Com-
pany. The exports from Canton from 1st of October, 1S36,
to 10th April, 1837, being thirty-three million two hun-
dred and eleven thousand three hundred and thirty two
lbs, of which the green bore the proportion of one to about
three and a half of the black kinds Boston Journal.
From a Foreign Paper.
THE FIRST.
The first, the first ! oh ! nought like it
Our after years can bring,
For summer hath no flowers so sweet
As those of early spring.
The earliest storm that strips the tree
Still wildest seems and worst;
Whate'er hath been again may be,
But never as it first.
For many a bitter blast may blow
O'er life's uncertain wave,
And many a thorny thioket grow
Between us and the graver
But darker still the spot appears
Where thunder clouds have burst
Upon our gren, unblighted years
No grief is like tka first!
Our first-born joy, perchance 'twas vain!
Yet, that brief lightning o'er,
The heart, indeed, may hope again
But can rejoice no more.
Lite hath no glory to bestow
Like it unfallen, uncurscd;
There may be many an after glow,
But nothing like the first!
The rays of hope may light us on
Through manhood's toil and strife,
But never can they shine as shone
The morning stars of life;
Though bright as summer's rosy wreath,
Though long and fondly nursid,
Yet still they want the fearl ss faith
Of those that blessed us first.
Its first love deep in memory
The heart forever bears ;
For that was early given, and free,
Life's wheat without the tares.
It may be death hath buried deep,
It may be fate hath cursed ;
But yet no later love keep
The greenness of the first.
And thus whate'er our onward way,
The lights or shadows cast
Upon the dawning of our day
Are with us to the last.
But, ah ! the morning breaks no more
On us, as once it burst
For future springs can ne'er restore
The freshness of the first.
Note. It is impossible for the editress to permit these
beautiful verses to pass from under her hand, without ad-
ding a word or two, which must give them yet additional
interest. The authoress is her countrywoman, resident in
a small town in a remote part of Ireland ; one of a numer-
ous family of humble fortune; and, further, suffering un-
der the heavy infliction of total loss of sight. Under cir-
cumstances like these, the genius which creates, and the
energy which provides self-cultivation, surely acquired a
double value, especially when accomplished, as in the
case of the writer, by a modest and unrepining spirit.
Slaves. A Washington correspondent of the New
York Commercial says, that "a young farmer of that vi-
cinity being about to remove to Missouri, where he had
lately purchased a plantation, had procured the assent of
iis field and family hands to the removal, and was about
to take his departure, when suddenly all his negroes were
missing. He had treated them with kindness, uniformly,
and their position on his place was comfortable and happy.
He hid procured them a supply of clothing for the com-
ing winter and next summer, and they were all united in
their agreement to follow the fortunes of their indulgent
master. Judge of his surprise, then, upon waking a few
mornings since, and finding them all gone! i bey had
not only taken every thing in their possession of a personal,
movable kind, but even the beds and bedsteads, and oiher
articles of household furniture with which their quarters
had been abundantly provided by their careful and consid-
erate owner."
The writer states further, that 'about a month ago, Mr.
Mason, a member of the present Congress from. Maryland,
lost twelve of his slaves in the same unexpected and hope-
less manner. He used every effort, but vainly, to track
them ; and, in the midst of L.s endeavors, he received a
letter from Gerrit Smith, Esq, of the State of New York,
bidding him to give himself no farther trouble on their
account : that they vnre safe, in good health, and content-
ed ; nnd that they had irrivul in good order at his house
Supreme Court Important Decision The Su-
preme Court delivered two decisions yesterday which will
have an important bearing in several cases of bankruptcy
now before the United States District Court, One of
these cases, decided yesterday, was Roasenda vs. Zebriski,
m. c. It involved a sum of about 87,000. The plain-
tiff had a mortgage on certain properly of the defendant
for this amount, for which he sued him in the First Judi-
cial District Court. The defendant, in the meantime,
filed his petition of bankruptcy in the United States Dis-
trict Court, placing the mortgaged property on his schedule
of assets. On a hearing of the petition, Judge McCaleb
enjoined proceedings in the State Court, aud ordered that
the Recorder of Mortgages erase the mortgage, aud that
the mortgaged nroperty, in common with ull the other ef-
fects of the defendant, be placed in the hands of the bank
rupt's assigm-e, for the general benefit of his creditors, the
mortgagee, however, having a privileged claim on thei
proceeds. The Recorder refused to erase the mortfrap, '
when a rule was taken to compel him It was argued oe
fore Judge Buchanan, and by the Court made absolute.
It was next taken before the Supreme Court.
ludg Garland read the decision of that court yesterday.
It sustains the iud Tment of Judge Buchanan, and orders
that the mortgage be er.ed in the manner directed by )
Judge McCaleb, of the United States District Court.
Judges Merpby and Simon agreed with the opinion of
Judge Garland. Judge Martin offered no opinion, as he
said he was pecuniar, y interest! d n. uie question: and
Judge Bullard read his opinion, in which he dissented
from the judgment of the major' y ofth. Court.
The decision seemed to excite much interest amoug the
lawyers, as it h is a direct bearing on a largo amount of
YOL. Y
mortgaged property, the mortgagers of which are now
suing for a certificate of bankruptcy. Pic.
Enormous Wealth. By the Great "Western we re-
ceived the news of the death of Richard Arkwright, Esq ,
and the richest man in England, and we made mention of
it. By the Caledonia we have some interesting details
on the subject, comparing his wealth with our American
millionarics. The following article is from the London
Herald.
He died possessed, it is reported, of not less than seven
millions sterling, in personal property alone, irrespective
of landed estates. As an individual capitalist, there is not
one in Europe at the present time who can approach with-
in half the distance, excepting, perhnps, the excellent, no
less than wealthy Mr. Solomon Heine, of Hamburgh,
who, according to general repute, is estimated to concen-
trate in his own person the representation of money values
to the vast amount of four millions sterling. It must be
remembered, however, that this sum represents the whole
property of Mr. Heine, whereas the late Mr. Arkwright
was possessed of landed estates perhaps one or two mill-
ions beyond the amount at which the personality is rated.
Immensely wealthy as are the Barings, the Rothschilds,
the Hopes, &c, of Europe, there is not has not been one
that could be placed at all in the comparison not all the
magnificent fortunes drawn out of, with all the vast capital
remaining still in, the princely house of Baring, would,
perhaps, all combined, reach to the amount; not all the
splendid capitals of all the Rothschilds throughout Europe
together equal, probably, more than one-half the enor-
mous mass of accumulated hoards left behind by the late
Mr. Arkwright. Out of Europe, the only capitalist who
could approach the comparison would be Mr. Astor, of
New York, whose name will be familiar with all travel-
lers, from the massive and magnificent pile of buildings,
which, as Astor Hotel, has administrated to their con-
venience afbuilding which, of the description, and for the
special use, stands unparalleled in the world ; with this
palatial structure, it must be understood that Mr. Astro
neither was nor is otherwise connected then as planner
and proprietor, and as forming part of his vast estate.
The reports current about the enormous wealth created
and accumulated by this extraordinary man, carry it as
high as sixteen or seventeen millions of dollars, or say
about four millions sterling; but, of course while he is
living, this can only be matter of conjecture, though per-
haps not far from the truth. In illustration of the fact,
however, a curious amedotr, has been in circulation in the
United States.
During the life-time of the Lite Stephen Girard, who,
from a poor outcast exile from St. Domingo driven out by
the former slave population, became the great banker and
capitalist of Philadelphia, it was a subjtct of something
like rival contention between the people of Philadelphia
and New York which possessed the greatest capitalist
that is, which was the more wealthy man, Girard or As-
tor. Doubtless the question was not without interest to
the money-making parties thernselvs. The death of one
or the other, or of both, could, however, alone solve the
speculations, and in the former case then only to the-stir-vivcr.
Accosdindy, on thedpath of Stephen Gir.rd,
some years ago, the actual extent of his wealth was veri-
fied by the publication of his tslamnt, by -vhich the lar-
gest proportion was bequeathed -for the rstatlishment and
support if literary and publio "- 'tions When Mr.
A&ior was informed tb. 'l ctai sum of Girard's wtaith
reached only to sus.o - . n or tweive millions of dollars,
he is reported to have exhibited signs of satisftction, and
in an under tone, as ifspeaking to himself, to have remark-
ed that "that would not do" meaning, of course, that it
did not come up to the mark of his own prodigious posses-
sions. Picayune.
THE LATE SIR CHARLES BAGOT.
The following announcement of the death of the late
Sir Charles Bagot, is from the Montreal Gazette of the
22 1 May.
It is our painful duty to record the demise of his Ex-
cellency Sir Charles Bagot, G. C. B., &c, late Governor
General of British North America. This event, the re-
sult of a long, severe and fluctuating illness., has been ap-
prehended almost hourly, by those around his person du-
ring the last ten days. He expired at Alwington house,
surrounded by his afflicted family, at the hour of 3 on
Friday morning, the 19th inst relieved from his previ-
ous suffering in the use of his faculties unclouded, and in
the calm faith and confidence of a Christian.
We are informed that his remains will be removed to
New York on Tuesday next, and will be embarked on
H. B.M. ship the Warspite.now lying at that port, in which
Lady Mary Bagot and family will also return to Eng-
land. The late Sir Charles Bagot reached this province, and
assumed the government of British North America, iu
January, 1842. Upon the acts of his administration it is
not for us to dwell in an obituary notice.
Upon his private character and personal qualifications
it appears almost an effectation to expatiate. Known be-
yond the sphere of imaginable circulation of this eph
emeral tribute the representative of his sovereign,
for many years, at the first courts of Europe, and subse-
quently at the Government of Washington, thousands to
whom these feeble lines must ever be unknown in coun-
tries far remote bear equal testimony to the high attri-
butes of the public functionary, and to the private virtues
of the individual.
Endowed with a singular grace and dignity of person-
al deportment with a countenance expressive of great
intelligence, blended with a striking degree of benevo-
lence affable in his disposition frank, loyal, yet most
courteous in his manners no man ever quitted the pres-
ence of Sir Charles Bagot, whatever might huve been the
result of his mission or of his suit to the Governor Gene-
ral, who did not feel that his best sympathies had been
captivated by the mans In fact, it has often been said,
and we repeat it, because it has been said truly, that Sir
Charles Bagot presented the beau ideal of the high min-
ded, the accomplished, the good old English gentleman.
EFFECTS OF PERPETUAL DAY.
Nothing made sr .; an impression on our sense as
tlte change from alte.natf day and night, to which we
had been habituated from ou infincy, to tho continued
daylight to which we were subjclrd as soon as we cros-
sed the arctic circle. "Where tne ground i but little trod-
den ev-.n 'rfl -s are interesting; and I u- sot, tnereforc.
hrsitau to describe the feelings with v. hi .. ve.aidd
ihisclnnge. The novelty, it must br admit e J wn$ very
agreeable; and the advantage of constant day light, in an
unexplored and naturally boisterous sta, was too great to
allow us even to wish for a return of the alternation
iSove alluded to; but the; reluctance we felt to leave the
d-.vk when the sun was shining bright upon our sails, and
to retne to cabins to sleep, deprived us of many hour? o
necessary rst, and when we return, d to the dork to
luep our night watch, if it tmy be o culled, and still
found the sun gliding the ski v ?" : . -f the day
would never finish Whnt,tl ' -it fhsl J romised to
be su .ji inlying, soon ' -' , m become extiemolv
irksome; and ut''l, .. ., have been n serious incon
vcmeuce, had we not Kilioved the example of the feath
ery tribe, which we daily observed winging their way to
roost, with a clockwork regularity, and retire to our cabin
at the proper hour, wi..re, shutting out the rays of the
s1"1, we obtained that repose which the exercise of our
duties required. At fiiat sight, it will no doubt, appear
to many persons that constant daylight must be a valuable
acquisition in every country; but a little reflection will,
I think, be sufficient to show that the reverse is really
ir - case, and to satisfy a reflecting mind, that we cannot
overrate the blessings we derive from the wholesome al-
ternations of labor nnd rest, which is in a manner forced up-
on us by the succession of day and night. It is impossible,.
IIL-NO. 29-WHOLE NO. 396.
oy removing to a nign latitude,, to witness iheduncuity
there is in the regulation of lime, the pronenessthat is felt
by the indefatigable and zealous to rivet themselves to
their occupations, and by the indolent and procrastinating
to postpone their duties, without being truly thankful for
that all-wise and merciful provision with which nature
has endowed the more habitable portions of the globe.
Reechy's Narrative ofBuchan's Expedition towards the
JNorth Pole.
Hostile Tariffs As most of the political and commer-
cial newspapers of this country, taking Mr. Webster's late
Baltimore speech for a text, are agitating and discussing
thesubjectofReciprocal Tariffs, it may not be uninteresting
to refer to the following article, which was published in
this country in January, 1843, copied from the Leeds,
En?.11' Mercury. Boston Courier.
Six Hostile Tariffs-within Ten Months I At no peri-
od of our history, except during the ascendancy of Napol-
eon, has such an alarming succession of blows been struck
by foreign governments at the commercial prosperity of
England, as since the entrance of Sir Robert. Peel upon
office. We do not say that it has- been owing; to the inal5
tention of our own Government, though in another article
we show that Ministers are very ill supplied with com
mercial intelligence by their agents; but we state the sim-
ple fact that, within the last ten montes no less than six
hostile Tariffs have been published by other countries ;
and it is possible that the year may not conclude without
adding a seventh. We state these facts for no party pur-
pose whatever, but wrtb the view of calling the serious at-
tention of Government, of Parliament, and of the country
to the events themselves, and to the consideration they sug-
gest as to the future commercial policy of England.
First, we shall enumerate the hostile Tariffs, thal,have
been passed, with their respective dates, and add the brief
est possible explanation of the bearing on English com-
merce. 1. The Russian Tarijfc issued in November, 184Vr oy
which the duty on worsted or woollen goods, and mixed
worsted nnd cotton, was raised to 20O to 300 per cent, dd-
valoren; printed goods are prohibited. The King of
Prussia, during his late visit to St Petersburgh, induced
the Emperor to- issue a more favorable ukase for the pro-
ducts of Prussia.
2. The Portuguese Tariff, bearing date the 12th of
December, 1841, by which tte duties on English woollens
were ruised to an aivahrem duty of 45 per cent. A fa-
vorablp rariff is now m course of negociation.
3, The French Tariff, bearing date the 25th of Jupo,
1842; by which the duties on English linen yarns and
linens were doubled, and made almost entirely prohibito-
ry, this being by far our largest branch cf export to France.
" 4 The Belgian Tariff, issued in July, 1842, by which
the duty on English linens and linen yarns was raised to
th. same prohibitory nte as the French d ity, in obedi-
ence to the dictation uf Frnncp, and with a !cw of preven-
ting the smuggling o English lint.s a.ji yarns into that
country through Belg.um.
5 The Unite.! S'-zics Tar f, bearing Jt- August 1842,
by which the dr- i.n o-M iis was- r.Jigi-d from 20 to' id
percent adeal-r ., o . v sud goods fiom 20 to 30'per
cent, and on etc -.. ocis tuediity was made nominally 30
per cent, b it o i So-tv kinds of goods it is in reaiity.from
100 to 200 per . . it J t. orfiTOvand on many kinds oflcot-
tons, wool!. H3 u c othe- goods, the duty will be prohibito-
ry. 6 The Gem ?. League Tariff, passed September 1842,
by which tne JJiv o i jne of the largest branches bfjour
exports, namet .vyrsted goods, figured and printed, is
raised from 20 dollars per cwt, so as to be in many cases
prohibitory; and by which the duty on quindaillesie or
hardware "is increased probably 5f dollars per cwt..
An it is not impossible that next month the Brazilian
tariff may be raised very greatly the Brazilian Govern-
ment having given notice to-that effect: but we hope this
severe blew will be averted by the concessions which Mr.
Ellis the special Minister, l.itely sent over to Brazil js em-
powered to mike on the sugar duties
Thus within a few months a great part of the civilized
world has declared com.merci.il war against us ! Russia,
Portugal, France, Belgium, the United States, and the
German League, including Prussia, Bavaria Saxony,
"Wurtemburg, and several smaller States 1 And it is not
certain that Brazil may soon be added to the number.
Such an unparalleled succession of untoward events is in-
deed menacing to our manufactures and foreign commerce,
4 and demands the anxious attention of the Government.
PRISONER FOR SIXTY-ONE YEARS.
A. M. Dissault. who had given some cause of offence
to Cardinal Richelieu, was consL ned to the dungeons of
2 the Bastile on the 20:h November, 1631. After he had
been immured here about eleven yeais, the unfortunate
i nrrsoner received intelligence inai uia persecutor was on
the point of death. He thought that this was a moment
when an appeal to his heart and conscience might not be
made in vain. He sat down accordingly, and wrote him
the following impressive letter : '
"Bastile, 1st. December, 1642.
i:To Cardinal Richelieu.
"This is a time, my lord, when a man ceases to be cruel
and unjust; and it is when his approaching dissolution
forces him to descend into the gloomy recesses of his con-
science, to weep for the troubles, soiros,and misfortunes,
he has caused to his fellow creatures. I say fellow crea-
tures; for now you must be sensible of what yonnever
would be convinced orpursuaded of, that the Supreme and
Excellent Creator from above, has made us all after the
same model; and that his intention was, that men should
not be distinguished from one another but by their vir-
tues. You know, my lord, that for these eleven years
past, you made me suffer a thousand deaths in this Bastile,
where even felons, and the most disloyal of his majesty's
subjects, would deserve pity and compassion j much mote
I, then, my lord, whom you make perish by Inches, (or
having disobeyed an orderof yours that would have doom-
pii mv soul to everlasting torments, and made me anoear
f in the presence of Almighty God, our tremendous Judge,
with hnnds stained with blood. Ah! were you to hear
the plaints, sighs, and groans, I incessantly heave fiom the
dungeon you have condemned me to, I am sure you
wrould forthwith restore me to liberty. I earnistly con-
juje you, my lord, to do it, in the name of that Eernal
G(od,"who is to judge you as well as myself; take pity on
my cruel sufferings and sorrow; and if you wish to be
mefiful before you die, give immediate orders for my
clii:ns to bj b'oken: for when once in the power of death,
! -,'.- vill no longer be 'lbleto do thatjusti'p I can claim
f oiit uom you, and yo i wiH then be pcrs i in me even
alter death, whu'i GkI preserve you '"roru i'iur Vouch
safe. I beseech y.i, to yield to the numMe priyers of a.
mail who hasalu 'ys bsen a loyal subje-: to hi majesty.
UI am, mv lo" ', with .cre ration, rf&rct, snd submis-
s:o n, your.
fcv
DUSSACLT."
in ?U pr.M-,biJi'y not receiwd, as the
' dav alter inaton which it was writ-
This I
Cardmil de'
ten, and o '
ration of L'j
hapless m
"even akt J-
vengeance, .
'nor
giving any orders for the Iibe-
'-
e uardmai necame tnus, as tne
i.t' ally expressed it, his peisecutor
xc1- horrid indeed was the legacy of
1 n -t till the 20th June, 1692, as ap-
i ;: on the wall of the room in which
pears frjm an
he was confinM.,tn:t D.issault recovered his liberty. He
had been sixty-one years a prisoner!
JUDICIAL INTEGRITY.
A country gentleman once sent a present of a buck to
Judo-e Hales, before whom he had a cause coming on for
trial. The case being called, and the Judge taking notice
of the name, asked, "If he was not the person that had
presented him with a buck ?'" Finding that hn was the
same, the judge told him, '-He could not suffer the trial to
go on.till he had paid him forhis buck." The gentleman,.
&5
Jhlltfc'm.MfJMIfcata1tjl ??,
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Cruger & Moore. Telegraph and Texas Register (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 8, No. 29, Ed. 1, Wednesday, July 5, 1843, newspaper, July 5, 1843; Houston, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth48242/m1/1/?q=Lamar+University: accessed June 4, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting The Dolph Briscoe Center for American History.