National Intelligencer. (Washington [D.C.]), Vol. 48, No. 7012, Ed. 1 Tuesday, December 7, 1847 Page: 4 of 4
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Should you fall in with the squadron under Commodore
Parker, you will signify to him the wish of the Department
that, if the state of his vessels will admit of it, he should re-
main off the coast of Mexico until our relations with that
Power are more definitively adjusted ; and you will take direc-
tions from him, as your senior officer, communicating to him
these instructions.
The great distance of your squadron, and the difficulty of
communicating with you, are the causes for issuing this or-
der. The President hopes most earnestly that the peace of
the two countries may not be disturbed. The object of these
instructions is to possess you of the views of the Government
in the event of a declaration of war on the part of Mexico
against the United States—an event which you are enjoined
to do every thing consistent with the national honor, on your
part, to avoid.
Should Commodore Parker prefer to return to the United
States, ho has the permission from the Department to do so.
In that event, you wiil command the united squadron.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
GEORGE BANCROFT.
Commodore John D. Sloat,
Commanding United States naval forces in the Pacific.
[Extract. ] U. S. Navt Department,
Washington, October 17, 1845.
. Commodore : * * * * In the event of actual hostili-
ties between the Mexican Government and our own, you will
so dispose of your whole force as to carry out most effectually
the objects specified in the instructions forwarded to you from
the Department in view of such a contingency. Should peace
continue, you will retain your squadron off the coast of Mexi-
co and Oregon.
Vou will communicate frequently with our Consul at Monte-
rey, and will ascertain as exactly as you can the nature of the de-
signs of the English and French in that region, the temper of the
inhabitants, their disposition towards the United States, and
their relations towards the Central Government of Mexico.
\ ou will do every thing that is proper to conciliate towards
our country the most friendly regard of the people of Cali-
fornia. * * * *
Very respectfully, GEO. BANCROFT.
Com. John D. Sloat,
Commanding U. S. Squadron, Pacific.
Extract of a despatch from Com. R. F. Stockton, addressed
to the Secretary of the Navy, dated
U. S. Frigate Congress,
Bay of Monterey, July 25, 1846.
Sir .#***! arrived here on the 15th of July,
and reported myself to Commodore Sloat “ as forming one of
his squadron.”
Commodore Sloat has elected to return home, and will leave
me not only a Commodore, but “ Commander-in-Chief of
the Territory of California.”
Although an unwilling heir and trustee to his cast-off
honors and labors, I will, as a faithful steward, try to improve
the estate. f
Faithfully, your obedient servant,
R. F. STOCKTON, Commodore.
To the Hon. Geo. Bancroft,
Secretary of the Navy, Washington.
Extract from a letter from Commodore Stockton to the
Secretary of the Navy.
Ciudad de ios Angeles, August 28, 1848
Sin : You have already been informed of my having, on
the 23d of July, assumed the command of the United States
forces on the west coast of Mexico. I have now the honor
to inform you that the flag of the United States is flying from
every commanding position in the Territory of California, and
that this rich and beautiful country belongs to the United
States, and is forever free from Mexican dominion.
On the day after I took this command I organized the “Ca-
lifornia battalion of mounted riflemen,” by the appointment of
all the necessary officers, and received them as volunteers into
the service of the United States. Captain Fremont was ap-
pointed major, and Lieutenant Gillespie captain of the bat-
talion. * * * *
Thus, in less than a month after I assumed the command of the
United States force in California, we have chased the Mexican
army more than three hundred miles along the coast; pursued
them thirty miles in ihe interior of their own country 5 routed
and dispersed them, and secured the Territory to the United
States ; ended the war ; restored peace and harmony among
the people ; and put a civil Government into successful ope-
ration. * * * *
When I leave the Territory, I will appoint Major Fremont
to be Governor, and Lieutenant Gillespie to be Secretary.
* * * Faithfully, your obedient servant,
R. F. STOCKTON.
To the Hon. Geo. Bancroft,
Secretary of the Navy, Washington.
Extract from the President’s Annual Message, Dec., 1846.
Our squadron in the Pacific, with the co-operation of
gallant officer of the army, and a small force hastily collected
in that distant country, have acquired bloodless possession of
the Californias, and the American flag has been raised at every
important point in that province.
L congratulate you on tho success which has thus attended
our military and naval operations. In less than seven months
after Mexico commenced hostilities, at a time selected by her-
self, we have taken possession of many of her principal ports,
driven back and pursued her invading army, and acquired
military possession of the Mexican provinces of New Mexico,
New Leon, Coahuila, Tamaulipas, and the Californias, a
territory larger in extent than that embraced in the original
thirteen States of the Union, inhabited by a considerable po-
pulation, and much of it more than a thousand miles from ihe
points at which we had to collect our forces and commence
our movements. By the blockade, the import and the export
trade of the enemy has been cut off. * * *
By the laws ol nations a conquered territory is subject to be
governed by the conqueror during his military possession, and
until there is either a treaty of peace, or lie shall voluntarily
withdraw from it. The old civil Government being necessa-
rily superseded, it is the right and duty of the conqueror to
secure his conquest, and to provide for the maintenance of
civil order and the rights of the inhabitants. This right has
been exercised, and this duty performed, by our military and
naval commanders, by the establishment of temporary govern-
ments in some of the conquered provinces in Mexico, assimi-
lating them as far as practicable to the free institutions of our
own country. In the provinces of New Mexico and of the
Ualitorrnas, little if any further resistance is apprehended from
the inhabitants to the temporary governments which have thus,
fiom the necessity of the case, and according to the laws of
war, been established. It may be proper to provide for the
security of these important conquests by making an adequate
appropriation for the purpose of erecting fortifications and de-
fraying the expenses necessarily incident to the maintenance
of our possession and authority over them.
Extract from the report of the Secretary at War, Dec. 1846.
Commodore Stockton took possession of the whole country
as a conquest of the United States, and appointed Col. Fre-
mont Governor, under the law of nations ; to assume the func-
tions of that office when he should return to the squadron.
Extract from the report of the Secretary of the Navy, De-
cember, 1846.
On the 25th of July the Cyane, Captain Mervine, sailed
from Monterey, with Lieut. Col. Fremont and a small volun-
teer force on board, for San Diego, to intercept the retreat of
tne Mexican General, Castro. A few days after, Commodore
Stockton sailed in the Congress frigate for San Pedro, and,
with a detachment from his squadron of three hundred and
sixty men, marched to the enemy’s camp. It was found that
the camp was broken up, and the Mexicans, under Governor
Pico and General Castro, had retreated so precipitately that
Lieut. Col. Fremont was disappointed in intercepting him.
On the 13th, Commodore Stockton was joined by this gallant
officer, and marched a distance of thirty miles from the sea,
and entered, without opposition, Ciudad de los Angeles, the
capital of the Californias; and on the 22d of August the flag
of the United States was flying atevsry commanding position,
and California was in the undisputed military possession of
the United States. The conduct of the officers and men of
the squadron in these important operations has been charac-
terized by activity, courage, and steady discipline, and entitles
them to tue thanks of the Department. Efiicient aid was ren-
dered by Lieut. Col. Fremont and the volunteers under his
command. In ins hands, Commodore Stockton informs the
Department he will leave the military government when he
shall leave California, in the further execution of his orders.
Memoranda for Captain Fremont, sent to him by Commo-
dore Stockton, July 22, 1846.
1st. Capt. Fremont and Lieut. Gillespie will, in a letter
addressed to me, volunteer, for themselves and the men with
them, to serve under my command as long as I may be in pos-
session of California and desire their services.
2d. They may increase the number of their forces to 300
men.
3d. i heir men must all be enlisted, and put under the mili-
tary laws of the United States in every respect.
4th. Ihe men may receive ten dollars a month, besides
their rations.
5th. All their supplies, such as tobacco, &c., will be charged
to them. R. F. STOCKTON, Commander.
Order from Commodore Stockton to Capt. Fremont, dated
United States frigate Conoxess,
Monterey Bay, July 23, 1846.
Sir : You will please to embark on board the United States
ship Cyane, with the detachment of troops under your com-
mand, on Saturday afternoon.
The ship, at daylight on Sunday morning, will sail for San
Diego, where you will disembark your troops and procure
horses for them, and will make every necessary preparation to
march through the country at a moment’s notice from me,
You will endeavor to encamp so near San Diego as to have
a daily communication with the Cyane, which will remain at
anchor there until you receive orders to march.
The object of this movement is to take or to get between
the Colorado and General Castro.
I will leave Monterey in this ship for San Pedro, so as to
arrive there about the time that you may be expected to havs
arrived at San Diego.
I will dispatch a courier to you from San Pedro, to inform
you of my movements.
Faithfully,'-your obedient servant,
R. F. STOCKTON, Commodore, &c.
Capt. Fremont, U. S. Army.
Extract of a letter from Com. Stocktc-n to Major Fremont,
dated
Ciudad de los Angeles, August 24, 1846.
Sir : By the Mexican newspapers, I see that war has been
declared both by the United Slates and Mexico, and the most
vigorous measures have been adopted by Congress to carry it
to a speedy conclusion. * * *
1 propose, before I leave the Territory, to appoint you to
be the Governor and Captain Gillespie the secretary thereof;
and to appoint also the Council of State and all the necessa-
ry officers.
You will, therefore, proceed without delay to do all you can
to further my views and intentions thus frankly manifested.
Supposing that by the 25th of October you will have accom-
plished your part of these preparations, I will meet you at San
Francisco on that day, to complete the whole arrangement,
and to place you, as governor, over California.
You will dispose of your present force in the following man-
ner, which may be hereafter altered as occasion may require :
Captain Gillespie to be stationed at this city, with fifty men
and officers in the neighborhood; twenty-five men, with an
officer, at Santa Barbara; fifty men and officers at Monterey,
and fifty at San Francisco.
If this be done at once, I can, at any time, safely withdraw
my forces as I proceed up the coast to San Francisco, and be
ready, after our meeting on the 25th of October, to leave the
desk and the camp and take to the ship and to the sea.
Faithfully, your obedient servant,
R. F. STOCKTON,
Commander-in-chief and Gov. of Ter. of California.
To Major Fremont,
California Battalion, Ciudad de los Angeles.
Letter (original) from Com. Stockton to Capt. Fremont,
appointing him Major Commanding California Bat-
talion.
U. S. frigate Congress,
Bay of Monterey, July 23, 1846.
Sir : You are hereby appointed to the command of the Ca-
lifornia battalion of United States troops with the rank of major.
Faithfully, your obedient servant,
R. F. STOCKTON,
Commander-in-chief, &c.
To Major Fremont,
Commanding California Battalion.
Letter (original) from Governor Stockton appointing Major
Fremont Military Commandant, <Yc.
Know all men by these presents :
That I, Robert F. Stockton, Governor and Commander-in-
chief of the Territory of California, reposing special confidence
in the ability and patriotism of Major J. C. Fremont, of the
United States army, do hereby appoint him to be Military
Commandant of the Territory of California.
To have and to exercise all the powers and privileges of that
office, until the Governor of the said Territory shall otherwise
direct.
Therefore, by these presents, I hereby command all civil
and military officers and citizens to obey him accordingly.
Given under my hand, this second day of September, anno
Domini one thousand eight hundred and forty-six.
R. F. STOCKTON.
Ciudad de los Angeles, Sett. 2, 1846.
Letter (original) from Gov. Stockton to Mcj. Fremont, dated
Ciudad de los Angeles, Sept. 1, 1846.
Sir : The amount of money foi which you have made a
requisition cannot be furnished to you at this time. Mr.
Speiden, the purser of the Congress, says he can only spare
twenty thousand dollars, which I hope will answer your pur-
poses until we heai from home, and receive information from
the Government how and where (if hostilities continue) we
can be furnished with funds.
It is quite probable that we may not be able to get any mo-
ney at Mazatkn.
Faithfully, your obedient servant,
R. F. STOCKTON, Commander-in-chief.
Major Fremont, California Battalion.
Letter from Purser Speiden to Gov. Fremont, dated
United States ship Congress,
San Diego, February 4, 1847.
Sir : I have been directed by Commodore Stockton to fur-
nish you with any amount of funds that could be disposed of
after paying the bills of the Government at this place, and I
regret to intorrn you that there is not a sufficient sum on hand
to liquidate said account.
The barque Guypuzcouno is daily expected here from the
Islands with money, and we also are in expectation of the ar-
rival of the Erie from Callao with funds, and shall be pleased
to attend to your demands so soon as the above expectations
are realized.
I have the honor to be, most respectfully, your obedient ser-
vant, YVM. SPEIDEN,
Purser United States Navy.
His excellency J. C. Fremont,
Governor of the Territory of California.
Shubrick will soon be sent out in the Independence to relieve ! War Department under these cirsumstances should, in my
^ J‘ _.,,eL. ^ar m®nt confidently^hopes that all Upper Cali- judgment, be considered obsolete and nugatory ; that as the
Extract from instructions to Naval Commander on the Ca-
lifornia station, dated
U. S. Naty Department,
Washington, May 13, 1846.
Commodore : The state of things alluded to in my letter of
June 24, 1845, has occurred. You will therefore now be
governed by the instructions therein contained, and carry into
effect the orders then communicated with energy and prompti-
tude, and adopt such other measures for the protection of the
persons and interests, the rights and the commerce of the citi-
zens of the United States, as your sound judgment may deem
to be required.
Commending you and your ships’ companies to Divine Pro-
vidence, I am, respectfully, your obedient servant,
GEORGE BANCROFT.
Commodore John D. Sloat,
Commanding U. S. squadron, Pacific.
Instruction to Naval Commander to conquer and hold Cali-
fornia and to establish a civil government, dated
U. S. Navy Department,
Washington, July 12, 1846.
Commodore : Previous instructions have informed you of
the intention of this Government, pending the war with Mexi-
co, to take and hold possession of California. For this end
a company of artillery, with cannon, moitars, and munitions
of war, is sent to you, in the Lexington, for the purpose of
co-operating with you, according to the best of your judg-
ment, and of occupying, under your direction, such post or
posts as you may deem expedient in the Bay of Monterey, or
in the Bay of San Francisco, or in both. In the absence of
a military officer higher than captain, the selection of the first
American post or posts on the waters of the Pacific, in Cali-
fornia, is left to your discretion.
The object of the United States is, under its rights as a bel-
ligerent nation, to possess itself entirely of Upper California.
When San Francisco and Monterey are secured, you will,
if possible, send a small vessel of war to take and hold posses-
sion of the port of San Diego ; and it would be well to ascer-
tain the views of the inhabitants of Pueblo de los Angeles,
who, according to information received here, may be counted
upon as desiious of coming under the jurisdiction of the Uni-
ted States. If you can take possession of it, you should do so.
The object of the United States has reference to ultimate
peace with Mexico ; and if, at that peace, the basis of the uti
possidetis shall be established, the Government expects,
through your forces, to be found in actual possession of Up-
per California.
This will bring with it the necessity of a civil administra-
tion. Such a government should be established under your
protection ; and, in selecting persons to hold office, due re-
spect should be had to the wishes of the people of California,
as well as to the actual possessors of authority in that pro-
vince. Tt may be proper to require an oath of allegiance to
the United States from those who are entrusted with authority.
You will also assure the people of California of the protection
of the United States.
In reference to commercial regulations in the portsof which
you are in actual possession, ships and produce of the United
States should come and go free of duty.
For your further instruction I enclose to you a copy of con-
fidential instructions from the War Department to Brig. Gen.
S. W. Kearny, who is ordered, overland, to California. You
will also communicate your instructions to him, and inform
him that they have the sanction of the President.
The Government relies on the land and naval forces to co-
operate with each other in the most friendly and effective
manner.
y°u shall have secured Upper California, if your force
is sufficient, you will take possession and keep the hatbors on
the Gulf ol California as far down at least as Guaymas. But
this is not to interfere with the permanent occupation of Up-
per California.
A regiment of volunteers from the State of New York, to
serve during the war, have been called for by the Government,
and are expected to sail from the first to the tenth of August.
This regiment will, in the first instance, report to the naval
commander on your station, but will ultimately be under the
command of Gen. Kearny, who is appointed to conduct the
expedition by land.
The term of three years having nearly expired since you
j have been in ooinuiand of the Pacific squadron, Commodore
fornia will be in our hands before the relief shall arrive.
Very respectfully,
GEORGE BANCROFT.
Commodore John D. Sloat,
Coind’g. U. S. naval forces in the Pacific ocean.
Extract from instructions to the Commander of the Pa-
cific squadron, dated
United States Navy Department,
Washington, August 13, 1846.
The President expects and requires, however, the most cor-
dial and effectual co-operation between the officers of the two
services in taking possession of and holding the ports and po-
sitions of the enemy, which are designated in the instructions
to either or both branches of the service, and will hold any
commander of either branch to a strict responsibility for any
failure to preserve harmony and secure the objects proposed.
Extract from a despatch of Commodore Stockton to the Se-
cretary of the Navy, dated
United States Frigate Congress,
Bay of Monterey, September 18, 1846.
Sir : I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your
despatches of the 15th of May, addressed to my predecessor,
and sent by Passed Midshipman McRae, who delivered them
to me on board of this ship on the night of the 7th Septem-
ber, soon after we came to anchor in the Bay of “ Santa
Barbara,” where I stopped on my way to this place to take on
board a detachment of men, which I left for the defence of
that place after we had taken it on our way to San Pedro.
I am happy to say, in answer to that despatch, that all your
instructions contained therein had been anticipated and execu-
ted, and my proceedings forwarded to you by different routes
two weeks before the arrival of Mr. McRae : even that part
of them suggesting that a messenger be sent across the moun-
tains to Washington, which messenger I hope you will have
seen and sent back to me before this can reach you. * *
Faithfully, your obedient servant,
R. F. STOCKTON, Commodore, &c.
To the Hon. George Bancroft,
Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C.
Despatch of Commodore Stockton to the Secretary of the
Navy, dated
Headquarters Ciudad de Los Angeles,
January 15, 1847.
Sir : Referring to my letter of the 11th, I have the honor
to inform you of the arrival of Lieutenant Colonel Fremont
at this place with four hundred men ; that some of the insur-
gents have made their escape to Sonora, and that the rest have
surrendered to our arms.
Immediately after the battles of the 8th and 9th, they be-
gan to disperse ; and I am sorry to say that their leader, Jose
Ma. Flores, made his escape, and that the others have been
pardoned by a capitulation agreed upon by Lieutenant Colo-
nel Fremont.
Jose Ma. Flores, the commander of the insurgent forces,
two or three days previous to the 8th, sent two commissioners
with a flag of truce to my camp to make “ a treaty of peace.”
I informed the commissioners that I could not recognise Jose
Ma. Flores, who had broken his parole, as an honorable man,
or as one having any rightful authority, or worthy to be treat-
ed with ; that he was a rebel in arms, and, if I caught him,
I would have him shot. It seems that, not being able to ne-
gotiate with me, and having lest the battles of the 8th and
9th, they met Colonel Fremont on the 12th instant, on his
way here, who not knowing what had occurred, hs entered
into the capitulation with them, which I now send to you ;
and, although I refused to do it myself, still I have thought
it best to approve it.
I am glad to say that by the capitulation we have recovered
the gun taken by the insurgents at the sad defeat of General
Kearny at San Pascual,
The Territory of California is again tranquil, and the civil
government formed by me is again in operation in the places
where it was interrupted by the insurgents.
Col. Fremont has five hundred men in his battalion, which
will be quite sufficient to preserve the peace of the territory ;
and I will immediately withdraw my sailors and marines, and
sail as soon as possible for the coast of Mexico, where I hope
they wiil give a good account of themselves.
Faithfully, your obedient servant,
R. F. STOCKTON, Commodore, &c.
To the Hon. George Bancroft,
Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C.
To all whom these presents shall come, greeting:
Know ye that, in consequence of propositions of peace or
cessation of hostilities being submitted to me as commandant of
the California battalion of United States foices, which has so
far been acceded to by me as to cause me to appoint a board of
commissioners to confer with a similar board appointed by the
Californians ; and it requiring a little time to close the nego-
tiations, it is agreed upon and ordered by me that an entire
cessation of hostilities shall take place until to-morrow after-
noon, (January 13th,) and that the said Californians be per-
mitted to bring in their wounded to the mission of San Fer-
nandez, where also, if they choose, they can remove their
camp to facilitate said negotiations.
Given under my hand and seal this 12th day of January,
1847. _ J. C. FREMONT,
Lieut. Cob U. S. Army, and Military Commandant
of California.
[Here follow the articles of capitulation entered into at the
rancho of Couenga, which have heretofore been published in
connexion with this trial.]
thing ordered to be done had been accomplished already, there
remained nothing to be done ; that the civil government form-
ed by me was, at the lime we were talking about it, in actual
operation throughout the territory, with the exception of the
>“ Ciudad de los Angeles,” and “ Santa Barbara,” where it
had been temporarily interrupted by the insurgents ; besides
which I had informed the Government that I would appoint
Colonel Fremont governor, and had pledged myself to Col.
Fremont to do so; that the thing was therefore before the
Government, and their approval or disapproval was proba-
bly on its way to me ; and that if he had not interfered with
my express, it would probably have returned from Washing-
ton by the middle of January. I suppose from this conversa-
tion, in connexion with the offer of the General to accompany
me as aid-de-camp, that he would not again aspire to the
chief command of the Territory until after the expected de-
spatches had arrived from Washington.
The relations between General Kearny and myself remain-
ed in this condition until the morning of the 29th of Decem-
ber, when, after the troops had been paraded and were ready
to proceed on the march to “ Ciudad de los Angeles,” General
Kearny came to me and asked who was to command the
troops. I said that, as Commander-in-chief, I would com
mand them in person ; but, said he, I mean, who is to com-
mand the troops under you l I said that I had appointed
Lieut. Rowan, the 1st Lieutenant of the Cyane, to do so.
The General observed that he thought he was entitled to that
command. I replied that Mr. Rowan had been appointed
merely to relieve me from the details of the march and the
camp ; and that if he [the General] was willing to perform
that duty, I did not doubt that Lieut. Rowan would yield to
hirn, and I would give him the appointment with pleasure.
Lieut. Rowan yielded, and I immediately summoned the offi-
cers around me, who were in readiness to march, and an-
nounced to them that Gen. Kearny would take Mr. Rowan’s
situation, but that I would remain Commander-in-chief. V\ ith
this arrangement we proceeded on our march, during which I
ordered when the troops were to march, the road they were
to march, and when they were to encamp ; and did all other
things belonging or appertaining to the duties of the Comman-
der of the forces and the Governor of the Teriitory ; and no
one paid more respect or deference to me as such than Gen.
Kearny ; and it never was more conspicuous than in the battles
of the 8th and 9th of January, as well as during our march
into the city.
On ihe 16th of January I received the enclosed letter from
General Kearny, marked No. 5, by the address of which you
will perceive that I am still considered by him acting Governor
of the Territory at the very moment he arrogates to himself
the supreme power by demanding of me to desist from the
performance of my duties. I also send my reply, marked
No. 6, and his rejoinder, marked No. 7, with a note subse-
quently received from him marked No. S.
Faithfully, your obedient servant,
R. F. STOCKTON, Commodore, &c.
To the Hon. George Bancroft,
Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C.
[N. 1.] Headquartf.rs Army of the West,
Camp at Warner’s, December 2, 1846.
Sir : I this afternoon reached here, escorted by a party
of the 1st eegiment dragoons. I come by orders of the Presi-
dent of the United States. We left Santa Fe on the 25th
September, having taken possession of New Mexico—annex-
ed it to the United States, established a civil government in
that Territory, and secured order, peace, and quiet there.
If you can send a party to open a communication with us
on the route to this place, and to inform me of the state of
affairs in California, I wish you would do so, and as quickly
as possible.
The fear of this letter failing into Mexican hands prevents
me from writing more.
Your expresses by Mr. Carson was met on the Del Norte,
and your mail must have reached Washington at least ten
days since.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
S. W. KEARNY, Brig. Gen. U. S. A.
Com. R. F. Stockton, U. S. Navy,
Commanding Pacific Squadron, San Diego.
You might use the bearer (Mr. Stokes) as a guide to con-
duct your party to this place.
Despatch of Commodore Stockton to the Secretary of the
Navy, dated
U. S. Frigate Congress,
Harbor of San Diego, February 4, 1847.
Sir : As the guardian of the honor and services of the navy
I take leave to send you the following narrative. This case
requires no argument, nor will I make a single remark in re-
lation to the extraordinary conduct of General Kearny or the
indefensible language of his notes—“demands,” “personal
collision,” “civil war,” “ and the bold assertion that the coun-
try was not conquered until the 8th and 9th of January by
tne troops under his command,” speak foi themselves.
I only desire at this time that you will call the attention of
the President to it, and ask that General Kearny may be re-
called from the Territory, to prevent the evil consequences
that may grow out of such a temper and such a head.
^ Last September I ordered an express mail to be sent, in
charge of Mr. Carson, from the “Ciudad de los Angeles” to
the city of Washington, to inform the President that the Ter-
ritory of California had been conquered and a civil government
established therein. Mr. Carson was met on his way, and
only within four days’ travel of Santa Fe, by General Kearny,
to whom he communicated the above intelligence, and that
Col. Fremont was to be the Governor. General Kearny sent
back to Santa Fe a large part of the force under his command,
but came himself to the Territory with a detachment of dra-
goons ; he would not permit Mr. Carson to proceed with the
express, but insisted that he should return with him to Cali-
fornia. On the 3d of December I received a letter from
General Kearny by Mi. Edward Stokes, which I now enclose,
marked No. 1. I immediately dispatched Captain Gillespie
and Mr. Stokes, with about thirty-nine mounted riflemen,
to the “ Headquarters of the Army of the West.” with the
letter marked No. 2. Mr Stokes said that the General had
informed him that he had about three hundred and fifty men
with him.
On the night of the 6th Mr. Stokes returned to San Diego,
and informed me that General Kearny had attempted to sur-
prise the insurgents early that morning in their camp at San
i’ascual; that a battle ensued, in which the General was
worsted, but to what extent he could not accurately state, be-
cause he came ofi immediately after the firing ceased, without
communicating with any one on the field of battle ; that the
General had lost many killed and wounded, and one of his
guns had been taken; that the insurgents were commanded
by Andres Pico, who had with him about one hundred men.
The next day Mr. God ay came in express from the General’s
camp, and confirmed the sad intelligence of his defeat, bring-
ing the enclosed letter from Captain Turner, of the dragoons,
marked No. 3. On Wednesday night, the 9th instant, Lieut.
Beale, of the navy, came in from the General’s camp, and
stated that the force under General Kearny’s command had
attempted to surprise the insurgents on the morning of the 6th
at San Pascual; that in the fight which ensued, General
Kearny had been defeated, with the loss of eighteen or nine -
teen killed and thirteen or fourteen wounded ; that General
Kearny and his whole force were besieged on a small hill of
rocks, and so surrounded by the enemy that it was impossible
for them to escape unless immediate assistance was sent to
them ; that all their cattle had been taken away from them,
and that they were obliged to eat their mules ; that tnpy were
burning and destroying a quantity of valuable public property,
tents, saddles, and bridles, and camp equipage of every de-
scription, as well as private stores and clothing. Lieut. Gray
was leaving San Diego with two hundred anJ fifteen men, to
go to the relief of General Kearny at the moment of the
arrival of Mr. Beale—he succeeded in bringing the General
and his troops safely into San Diego. A few days after the
General’s arrival in San Diego, I offered to him the situation
of Commander-in-chief of the forces then preparing for a cam-
paign, and offered to go with him as his aid-de-camp. He
declined this proposition, but said he would go as my aid-de-
camp.
Soon after this he handed to me his instructions from the
War Department, which, having read, I returned to him, with
the enclosed note, marked No. 4. A short time after this the
General, in a conversation with me, intimated that, under his
instructions from the War Department, he was entitled to be
the Governor of the Territory. I replied that his instructions
expressly said that “ should he conquer ihe country he might
establish a civil government therein ” that the country had
been conquered and a civil government established before he
left Santa Fe, of which he had been informed, as before
stated, by Mr. Carson, when he was only four days’ travel
from Santa Fe. I also said that his instructions from the
[No. 2.] Headquartf.rs, San Diego,
December 3, 1846, ha,If-past 6 o’clock P. M.
Sir : I have this moment received your note of yesterday
by Mr. Stokes, and have ordered Capt. Gillespie, with a de-
tachment of mounted riflemen and a field-piece, to proceed to
your camp without delay.
Capt. Gillespie is well informed in relation to the present
state of things in California, and will give you all needful in-
formation ; I need not therefore detain him by saying any
thing on the subject. I wiil merely say that I have this even-
ing received information by two deserters from the rebel camp,
of the arrival of an additional force in this neighborhood of
one hundred men, which, in addition to the force previously
here, makes their number about one hundred and fifty.
I send with Captain Gillespie as a guide, one of the de-
serters, that you may make inquiries of him, and, if you see
fit, endeavor to surprise them.
Faithfully, your obediant servant,
R. F. STOCKTON, Commander-in-chief
and Governor of the Territory of California.
To Brig. General Kearny, U. S. A.
[No. 3.] Headquarters,
Camp near San Pascual, Dec. 6, 1846.
Sir ; I have the honor to report to you that at early dawn
this morning General Kearny, with a detachment of United
States dragoons and Captain Gillespie’s company of mounted
riflemen, had an engagement with a very considerable Mexi-
can force near this camp.
We have about eighteen killed and fourteen or fifteen
wounded ; several so severely that it may be impracticable to
move them for several days. I have to suggest to you the
propriety of dispatching, without delay, a considerable force
to meet us on the route to St. Diego via she Solidad and San
Bernardo, or to find us at this place ; also, that you wiil send
up carts or some other means of transporting our wounded to
St. Diego. We are without provisions, and, in our present
situation may find it impracticable to obtain cattle from the
rancho in the vicinity.
Gen. Kearny is among the wounded, but it is hoped not
dangerously ; Captains Moore and Johnston, 1st dragoons,
killed ; Capt. Gillespie badly but not dangerously wounded ;
Lieut. Hammond, 1st dragoons, dangeroueiy wounded.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
H. S. TURNER,
Capt. U. S. Army, com’g.
Commodore R. F. Stockton,
U. S. Navy, St. Diego.
[No. 4.] Headquarters,
San Diego, December 16, 1846.
Dear General : With my best thanks I return to you the
despatches from the War Department, addressed to you, which
you did me the favor to allow me to read. I also send copies
of some of my letters, &c. that you rnay see how far the wishes
of the Government have been anticipated and accomplished
by the force under my command.
I am, dear general, faithfully your obedient servant,
R. F. STOCKTON, Commodore, &c.
To Brig. Gen. S. W. Kearny, U. S. Army.
[No. 5.] Headquarters Artsy of the West,
Ciudad de los Angeles, January 16, 1847.
Sir : I am informed that you are now engaged in organiz-
ing a civil government and appointing officers for it in this ter-
ritory. As this duty has been specially assigned to myself by
orders of the President of the United States, conveyed in let-
ters to me from the Secretary of War of June 3 and 18, 1846,
the original of which I gave to you on the 12ih, and which you
returned to me on the 13th instant, and copies of which I fur-
nished you with on the 28th December, 1 have to ask if you
have any authority from the President, from the Secretary of
Navy, or from any other channel of the President to form such
government and make such appointments. If you have such
authority, and will show it to me, or furnish me with certified
copies of it, I will cheerfully acquiesce in what you are doing ;
if you have not such authority, I then demand that you cease
all further proceeding relating to the formation of a civil gov-
ernment for this Territory, as I cannot recognise in you any
right in assuming to perform duties confided to me by the
President. Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
S. W. KEARNY, Brig. Gen.
Com. R. F. Stockton, U. S. Navy, Acting Gov.
[No. 6.] Headquartes,
Ciudad de los Angeles, January 16, 1847.
Sir ; In answer to your note received this afternoon I need
say but little more than that which I communicated to you in
a conversation at San Diego. That California was conquered
and a civil government put into successful operation ; that a
copy of the laws made by me for the government of the ierri-
you were doing, I would cheerfully acquiesce; and if you have
not such authority I demanded that you cease further pro-
ceedings in the matter. Your reply of the same date refers me
to a conversation held at San Diego, and adds that you “can-
not do any thing, nor desist from any thing, or alter any thing
on your [my] demand.”
As, in consequence of the defeat of the enemy on the 8th
and 9th instant by the troops under my command, and the
capitulation entered into on the 13th instant by Lieut. Col.
Fremont with the leaders of the Californians, in which the
people under arms and in the field agreed to disperse and re-
main quiet and peaceable, the country may now for the first
time be considered as conquered and taken possession of by us,
and as I am prepared to carry out the President’s instructions
to me, which you oppose, I must, for the purpose of prevent-
ing collisions between us, and possibly a civil war in conse-
quence of it, remain silent for the present, leaving with you
the great responsibility of doing that for which you have no
authority, and preventing me from complying with the Presi-
dent’s orders.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
S. W. KEARNY, Brig. Gen.
Com. R. F. Stockton,
U. S. Navy, Acting Gov. of California.
[No. 8.] Headquarters Army of the West,
Ciudad de los Angeles, January 17, 1847.
Sir : I have to inform you that I intend to withdraw to-
morrow from this place with the small party which escorted
me to this country.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
S. W. KEARNY, Brig. Gen.
Com. R. F. Stokton,
U. S. Navy, Acting Gov. of California.
Despatch from Commodore Stockton to the Secretary of ihe
Navy. dated
U. S. Frigate Congress,
Harbor of San Diego, Jan uary 22, 1847.
Sir : I have the honor to inform you that the civil govern-
ment of this territory is in successful operation ; that Colonel
Fremont is acting as Governor and Colonel Russell as Secte-
tary, and that I am again on board of the Congress preparing
her for the coast of Mexico.
Lieut. Gray, who is charged with my despatches, has been
my aid-de-camp, and has done his duty with great good con
duct and gallantry. He is the officer whom I sent to relieve
Gen. Kearny from his perilous condition after his defeat at San
Pascual, and deserves the consideration of the Department.
He will be abla to give you the particulars of that unfortu-
nate and disastrous aflair.
Faithfully, your obedient servant,
R. F. STOCKTON, Commodore, &c.
To the Hon. Geo. Bancroft,
Secretary of the Navy, Washington.
Letter from the Secretary of the Navy to Com. Sloat, dated
Navy Department, September 3, 1846.
Commodore : Information has been received by the Presi-
dent that Monterey and San Diego are in the possession of the
American squadron. Although no accounts have been re-
ceived, yet the Department has no doubt of your having also
taken possession of San Francisco.
The President directs me to express to you the great satis-
faction with which this intelligence has been received.
Very respectfully, G. BANCROFT.
Com. J. D. Sloat,
Commanding Pacific Squadron.
Letter from the Secretary of the Navy to the Commanding
Officer of the Pacific Sqaadron, dated
Navy Department, November 4, 1846.
Commodore : The War Department will hive occasion to
raise money on the northwest coast of America, for the supply
and pay of troops. It may be found difficult to remit specie
or to negotiate bills on the Paymaster General at this place.
If such is found to be the case, and embarrassment likely to
result, you will instruct the purser of the flag-ship to draw bills
on Messrs. Barings, Brothers & Co., of London, and to hand
the proceeds to the paymaster of the army there, taking in lieu
his bills on the Paymaster General, approved by the command-
ing officer of tho regular army in California. These bills wiil
be forwarded to this Department, and paid by the Paymaster
General, and the proceeds placed to the credit of the purser.
This arrangement is out of the usual course of proceedings,
justified, however, by the emergency of the public interest,
and will not be resorted to unless the occasion shall require it,
to save a ruinous loss in exchange, or detriment to the public
service by the Paymaster’s inability to raise funds in any other
mode.
On the recurrence of every such transaction, the purser will
make a special report to the Department.
Very respectfully, yours, .T. Y. MASON.
To the Com’dg Officer American Squadron in the Pacific.
Extract from the instructions of Mr. Mason, Secretary of the
Navy, to Commodore Stockton, dated Washington, No-
vember 5, 1846.
The President has deemed it best for the public interests to
invest the military officer commanding with the direction of
the operations on land, and with the administrative functions
of government over the people and territory occupied by us.
You will relinquish to Col. Mason, or to Gen. Kearny, if the
latter shall arrive before you have done so, the entire control
over these matters, and turn over to him all papers necessary
to the performance of his duties.
Extract from a letter of Major General Scott to Brigadier
General Kearny, dated
Headquarters of the Army,
Washington, November 3, 1846.
It is perceived, by despatches received at the Navy Depart-
ment from the commander of the United States squadron on
the coast of tho Pacific, that certain volunteers were taken into
service by him from the settlers about the hays of Monterey
and fean 1 rancisco to aid him in seizing and holding that coun-
try. With a view to regular payment, it is desirable that
those volunteers, if not originally mustered, should be caused
by you to be regularly mustered into service (retrospectively)
under the volunteer act of May 13, 1846, amended by an act
of the following month. This may be done with the distinct
understanding that, if not earlier discharged as no longer need-
ed, you will discharge them at any time they may signify a
wish to that effect. * * * * *
It is known that Lieut. Col. Fremont, of the United States
rifle regiment, was in July last, with a party of men in the
service of [the United Slates Topographical Engineers, in the
neighborhood of San Francisco or Monterey Bay, engaged in
joint operations against Mexico with the United States squad-
ron on that coast. Should you find him there, it is desired
that you do not detain him, against his wishes, a moment
longer than the necessities of the service may require.
Extract from the instructions from the Secretary at War to
Brigadier General Kearny, dated June 3, 1846.
It is known that a large body of Mormon emigrants are en
route to California, for the purpose of settling in that country.
You are desired to use all proper means to have a good under-
standing with them, to the end that the United States may
have their co-operation in taking possession of and holding that
country. It has been suggested here that many of these Mor-
mons would willingly enter into the service of the United
States, and aid us in our expedition against California. You
are hereby authorized to muster into service such as can be in-
duced to volunteer ; not, however, to a number exceeding one-
third of your entire force.
Letter from the Secretary at War to Brigadier General
Kearny, dated.
War Department, Washington, Dec. 10, 1846.
Sir : The information received at the Department renders
it almost certain that the force sent by sea into California, and
that which has been there organized, will be sufficient to hold
possession of that country, and successfully defeat any efforts
which it will be in the power of Mexico to make to recover it.
It is presumed that you will not find a state of things in
California requiring you to remain in that country, but that
you will deem it proper to leave affairs there in charge of Col.
Mason, recently sent out, and return to Santa Fe. It is not
improbable that you will have arrived at that place by the time
this communication will be there received.
The Department is satisfied, from the information contained
in your despatches, and from other sources, that the force at
Santa Fe will be greater than will be necessary to retain arid
secure possession of it and of the province of New Mexico.
The object of this communication is to make some sugges-
tions in relation to the employment of that portion of the forces
under your command which may not be needed for the pur-
pose ; but before presenting these suggestions it may be proper
to apprize you of what is now, and probably will be, the state
of things on the Lower Rio Grande.
Genera! Wool reached Monclova about the last of October.
If Mexico had attempted to retain Chihuahua, lie would have
marched into that department with a view to conquer and hold
tory and the names of the officers selected to see them faith- 1 P°®ess*°n of it; but as the enemy has no organized force in
Chihuahua, and as the invading column under Gen. Taylor
has moved from Monterey upon Saltillo, and will doubtless
hold the latter place, Chihuahua is, in effect, subjected to our
arms, and the forces under General Wool may join General
Taylor’s column without going into the department of Chi-
huahua.
It is suggested for your consideration that you should move
with your disposable force towards the positions occupied by
General Taylor, passing into Chihuahua and Durango, or
some part of it. It is hoped that there will exist no sufficient
fully executed were transmitted to the President of the United
States before your arrival in tho territory.
I will only add that 1 cannot do any thing, nor desist
from doing any thing, or after any thing on your demand ; 1
which I will submit to the President and ask for your recall.
In the mean time you will consider yourself suspended from j
the command of the United States forces in this place.
Faithfully, your obedient servant,
R. F. STOCKTON, Commander-in-Chief.
To Brevet Brig. Gen. S. W. Kearny.
[No. 7.] Headquarters Army of the West,
Ciudad do los Angeles, January 17, 1847.
Sir : In my communication to you of yesterday’s date I
stated that I had learned that you were engaged in organizing |
a civil government for California.
I referred you to the President’s instructions to me (the ori-
ginals of which you have seen and copies of which I furnish- '
ed you) to perform that duty, and I added that if you had any j
authority from the President, or any of his organs, for what
that can be made to your progress. A movement may bd
made upon the capital of Mexico ; if so, the principal column
will probably advance from some point on the Gulf. In that
event your force should be employed in the most effective way
to create a diversion. Whether you can render most aid to
the principal movements by operating separately, or by joining
and strengthening the forces penetrating the enemy’s country
in the direction of Monterey and Saltillo, cannot be determin-
ed here, but must be left to yourself. Should you approach
near to these forces, you will naturally fall under the orders of
the commander of them. It will be important that you should
unfold to him the plans of your operations, and keep him ad-
vised of all your movements.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY, Secretary of War.
Brig. Gen. S. W. Kearny, commanding, &c., &c.
Extract from Instructions to Brig. Gen. Kearny, dated
War Department, June 11, 1847.
******
When the despatch from this Department was sent out in
November last, there was reason to believe that Lieut. Col.
Fremont would desire to return to the United States, and you
were then directed to conform to his wishes in that respect.
It is not now proposed to change that direction ; but, since
that time it has become known here that he bore a conspicu-
ous part in the conquest of California ; that his services have
been very valuable in that country and doubtless will continue
to be so should he remain there.
Impressed, as ail engaged in the public service must be,
with the great importance of harmony and cordial co-opera-
tion in carrying on military operations in a country so distant
from the seat of authority, the President is persuaded that
when his definite instructions were received all questions of
difficulty were settled and all feelings which had been elicited
by the agitation of them have subsided. Should Lieut. Col.
Fremont, who^has the option to return or remain, adopt the
latter alternative, the President does not doubt you will em-
ploy him in such a manner as will render his services most
available to the public interest, having reference to his exten-
sive acquaintance with the inhabitants of California, and his
knowledge of their language, qualifications independent of
others which it is supposed may be very useful in the present
and prospective state of our affairs in that country. * * *
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY, Secretary of War.
Extract of a letter from Commodore Shubrick to the Secre-
tary of the Navy, dated
U. S. Ship Independence,
Harbor of Monterey, February 13, 1817.
Sir : Since my tetters of the 26th, 27th, and 28th ultimo,
no important change, so far as I can learn, has taken place in
the Territory. The people seem to be settling down into
quiet, aequiesence in the change of government. Those best
acquainted with their temper and disposition do not apprehend
farther disturbance of tho peace of the country.
Gen. Iiearny arrived here on the 8th, in the sloop-of-war
Cyane; and, after the adoption of such measures as we
thought necessary here, I sent him to San Francisco, in the
Cyane, to which place I should have accompanied him, but
that I am looking daily for the arrival of Com. Stockton from
St. Diego, and it is important that I should receive his reports
before 1 go further.
You will have learned, ere this, that an unfortunate differ-
ence has taken place between Com. Stockton and Gen. Kear-
ny, and between the General and Col. Fremont, growing out
of the appointment of Col. Fremont as Civil Governor of
California by the Commodore, and the refusal of the Colonel
to acknowledge the authority of the General.
I have, as enjoined on me by my instructions, exchanged
opinions with Gen, Kearny, and shall continue to concert
with him such measures as may seem best for keeping quiet
possession of California.
With regard to the civil government of the Territory, au-
thority for the establishment of which is contained in your in-
structions to Com. Sloat of 12th July last, which I received
by the Lexington, measures have been, in my opinion, pre-
maturely taken by Corn. Stockton, and an appointment of
Governor made, i f a gentleman who, I am led to believe, is
not acceptable to the people of California ; but, as the inten-
tion to make the appointment was, I understand, communica-
ted to the President as early as August last, and information
as to his wishes may be soon expected, I have determined to
await such information, and confine myself, for the present, to
arrangements for the quiet possession of the Territory, and
for the blockade of the coast of Mexico.
******
I am, very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant,
J. BRANFORD SHUBRICK,
Commander-in-chief, See.
The Hon. George Bancroft,
Secretary of the Navy.
Extract of a letter from Commodore Shubrick to the Secre-
tary of the Navy, dated
U. S. Ship Independence,
Monterey, February 15, 1847.
******
I took advantage of the kind offer of Lieut. Col. Fremont
to forward by his courier my communication to the Depart-
ment of the 13th. -
Extract of a letter from Brigadier Gen. Kearny to the Sec-
retary at War, dated
Headquarters 10th Military Department,
Monterey, (California,) March 15, 1847.
******
On my showing to Com. Shubrick my instructions from the
War Department of June 3d and 18th, 1846, he was at once
prepared to pay ail proper respect to them, and, being at that
time the Commander-in-chief of the naval forces on this sta-
tion, he acknowledged me as Ihe head and commander of the
troops in California, which Com. Stockton and Lieut. Fre-
mont had hitherto refused. He then showed me the instruc-
tions to Com. Sloat, of July 12, from the Navy Department,
received by the Lexington at Valparaiso on the 2d December,
and which he had brought with him from there ; and, as they
contained directions for Com. Sloat to take charge of the civil
aftairs in California, I immediately told Com. Shubrick that
I cheerfully acquiesced and was ready to afford him any as-
sistance in my power. We agreed upon our separate duties,
and I then went to the Bay of San Francisco, taking with
me Lieut. Halleck, of the engineers, besides Capt. Turner
and Lieut. Warren, when was made a recounoissance of the
bay with a view to the selection of sites for fortifications for
the protection of the shipping in the harbor and security of
the land forces.
Col. Mason, 1st dragoons, arrived at the bay February 12
with letters and instructions to me from Washington as late as
November 5, and was accompanied by Lieut. Watson, of the
navy, with instructions to Corn. Shubrick. On my return
here, and on my showing to Com. Shubrick my instructions,
and seeing his, we deemed it advisable to inform the people in
California at once of the President’s instructions to us, and
we jointly issued a circular on the 1st March, and I, with his
approval and that of Com. Biddle, (who arrived on the 2d,)
issued a proclamation on the 4th, (dated the 1st,) a copy of
which papers, in print, is enclosed herewith.
******
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
S. W. KEARNY, Brig. General.
Brig. General R. Jones
Adjutant General U. S. A., Washington.
Letters patent from his Excellency R. F. Stockton, Gover-
nor of California, Ac. to John Charles Fremont, Esquire,
appointing the said John Charles Fremont Governor of
California.
TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN, greeting:
Having, by authority of the President and Congress
of the United States of North America, and by right of
conquest, taken possession of that portion of territory hereto-
fore known as Upper and Lower California, and having de-
clared the same to be a Territory of the United States, under
the name of the Territoiy of California ; and having estab-
lished laws for the government of the said Territory:
I, Robert F. Stock'on, Governor and Commander-in-chief
of the same, do, in virtue of the authority in me vested, and
in obedience to the aforementioned laws, appoint J. C. Fre-
mont, Esq , Governor and Commander-in-chief of the Terri-
tory of California, until the President of the United States shall
otherwise direct.
Given under my hand and seal on this SIXTEENTH
DAY OF JANUARY, anno Domini one thousand eight
hundred and forty-seven, at the Ciudad de los Angeles.
R. F. STOCKTON, Governor, &c.
cause to prevent you from pursuing this course.
iijr 1*1 A ■ _. * ( ^ j illA 11 ej' 11 \J UlKLiUtl^ itil ti C t L. I J iliVi UWClilUl it AO piLoeiiv*.M v
Much is lett to your discretion in regard to your operations, persons wishing to engage in the manufacturing business,
for it cannot be anticipated what will be the condition of things i mediate possession will be given the purchaser.
STATS 02? WORTH CAROLINA, Guilford county.
COURT OF EQUITY, October Term, A.D. 1847.
Thomas R. Tate and others vs. David P. Weir and others.
PETITION TO SELL REAL ESTATE.
~jp>Y virtue of a decree made in the above case, I shall ex-
JO pose to public sale, in the town of Greensborough, N.C.,
on Monday, the 21st day of February, 1848, upon a credit of
one, two, and three years, the lot of land on which the Cotton
Factory stands, erected by the late Henry Humphries. The
improvements consist of a large and extensive brick building,
with all the necessary shops, store-houses, and buildings, suf-
ficient for the accommodation of eighty or ninety hands.
There are now in operation twenty-five hundred spindles and
twenty-six looms, with a!l the machinery and necessary fix-
tu es for the same. The machinery is driven by steam
power.
This property is well worthy of public attent on, as it is
deemed the most valuable of the kind ever offered for sale in
this State. It is located in a thriving, healthy village, amidst
a thrifty population, and every inducement is presented to any
----------• i • . ‘ ■’ ... - i ---- Jm_
in those provinces.
I am satisfied that it is the policy of Mexico to cany on a
guerrilla warfare, and to seek occasion to fall, with vastly su-
perior force, upon small detachments of our troops. Y^ou
will, as a matter of course, take every precaution to ascertain
ihe state of things about you, the condition of the country
through which you propose to pass, in regard to the resistance
The above sale is made for partition amongst the devisees of
Henry Humphries, the late proprietor.
The purchaser will be required to give bond, with approved
security, and the title will be retained until the further order
ol this Court.
Test : J. A MEBANE, C. M. E.
Green'•borough, N. C., November. 1847.
oov J6—Smcp
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National Intelligencer. (Washington [D.C.]), Vol. 48, No. 7012, Ed. 1 Tuesday, December 7, 1847, newspaper, December 7, 1847; Washington, District of Columbia. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth1007814/m1/4/: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu.; .