National Intelligencer. (Washington [D.C.]), Vol. 47, No. 6779, Ed. 1 Thursday, June 4, 1846 Page: 4 of 4
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they were encountered by a body of Mexicans, and were all
killed or captured- This news was brought to this city about
the 8th of May ; also, that the Mexicans had crossed the river
in great force, and had divided, one division having besieged
the fortified camp of General Taylor, and the other having
moved against his depot at Point Isabel. Great apprehensions
were entertained for both positions ; many here were predict-
ing their fall, and I am informed that a member of the Cabi-
net was recounting the despatches which invested General
Taylor with discretionary powers to call upon the Governor's
of the neighboring States for militia reinforcements, and was
vociferously condemning and damning him, in anticipation of
his defeat, for not having thus secured himself. On the 9th
of May “ the organ” took a position, in an article which bore
the stamp of being official, as it gave the effect of the despatches
to him from the War Department, to sacrifice .him and save
the Administration, if his army should be captured or defeated
by the Mexicans. Mr. Polk, thus speaking through the
Union, after setting forth the situation of Gen. Taylor and
his army, says:
“ It should be understood that Gen. Taylor has been for
several months authorized to call for any auxiliary forces from
Texas, Louisiana, and some other ofthe Southwestern States—
in fact, for such reinforcements as he might deem it necessary
for him to possess. But, like a gallant officer, believing his
force adequate to meet any enemy which might present it-
self, and to overcome every danger, he omitted to exercise
the authority with which he has been entrusted. His sense of
security has overcome every other consideration, and he has
not made his call to secure himselfagainst all contingencies.”
Here is an official charge, made on the 9th of May, against
Gen. Taylor, that he had not apprehended his true position,
but had made a mistake, for the want of a clear military judg-
ment, in not calling on the Governors of the neighboring
States, and, by reason of his own blunder, his position had
become insecure. A grave charge, truly, against a military
commander in such a position, to be thus made by the Presi-
dent of the United Siates, through the medium of his organ ;
and, if true, it demonstrated the General to be unfit for the
trust.
In a few days afterwards, viz. the 12th May, the President
sent his message touching this subject to Congress and in it
follows up the same idea, though covered up by the artifice ot
a cold and selfish politician. After presenting the condition ot
things upon the Rio Grande, he proceeds :
“ Anticipating the possibility of a crisis like that which ar-
rived, instructions were given in August last, as a precautiona-
ry measure against invasion or threatened invasion, authorizing
General Taylor, if the emergency required, to accept volun-
teers not from Texas only, but from the States of Louisiana,
Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Kentucky ; and corres-
ponding letters were addressed to the respective Governors of
those States. 1'hese instructions were repeated; and, in Jan
uary last, soon after the incorporation of Texas into our union
of States, General Taylor was further authorized by the Pre-
sident to make a requisition upon the Executive of that State
for such of its militia force as may be needed to repel invasion
or to secure the country against apprehended invasion. On
the 2d day of March he was again reminded, in the event of
the approach of any considerable Mexican force, promptly aud
efficiently to use the authority with which he was clothed to
call to him such auxiliary force as he might need. ”
The President communicates distinctly to Congress the pe-
ril in which, by the last news, General Taylor and his army
were placed, and also in detail the portions of four several
despatches which he had caused to be sent to him, in which
he was empowered to califor such reinforcements as any dan-
gers environing him might require. The President’s purpose
is transparent: he was saying to Congress and the country, in
the event of Taylor and his army falling, “ I am not respon-
sible. The General was four times, at considerable intervals,
empowered to summon to his aid reinforcement^ : he neglect-
ed to do so : defeat and disgrace to the American arms are
the consequences, and on his head, not mine, rests the ac-
countability, and there be the punishment.” The fate of the
gallant General was then all doubtful and perilous. An up-
right, brave, and magnanimous President, rising to the lofti-
ness of his position, would have done the General full justice;
and, after giving the details before recounted, would have fair-
ly stated the forces that had been placed under his command,
what had been promised him and been neglected to be furnished,
and what he had required in addition to the numbers actually
in his camp. All this was necessary to a fair judgment upon
the conduct of the General; and let us see whether the Pre-
sident was preparing to mislead the public mind by withhold-
ing it, and thus to make a victim of Taylor and screen him-
self, if it became necessary. From the best information I can
obtain, when the General left his camp to open his communi-
cation with Point Isabel, he left about five hundred men in
his fortified camp opposite Matamoras. One account says he
took with him fifteen hundred men, another seventeen hun-
dred, and there were eighty soldiers, besides teamsters, who
do not belong to the army, at Point Isabel. According to
this computation, Taylor’s whole effective force was twenty-
two hundred and eighty. Now let us see how many had
been promised him.
In the despatch to General Taylor from the War Depart-
ment, dated 23d August, 1845, more than nine months since,
he is informed : “ An order has been this day issued for send-
‘ ing one thousand more men into Texas to join those under
‘ your command. When the existing orders are carried into
‘ effect, you will have with you a force of four thousand men
* of the regular army.”
In the despatch from the Adjutant General to him of 13th
September, 1845, is this passage : “I .send herewith a copy
*,of the estimated strength of the regular force ordered to
* Texas, prepared early in the month for the Secretary of
‘ War and the Commanding General. The aggregate is
‘ 4,336, from which, as you will see, some three hundred are
‘ deducted on account of the various casualties incident to the
‘ service. This reduction would make the army of occupa-
‘ tion, when all the troops en route shall have arrived, about
‘ 4,000.” Four thousand effective men of the regular force
was what was promised Gen. Taylor to enable him to occupy
and ward off danger from Texas ; we have seen he had less
than twenty-three hundred when hostilities began. Let us
see what he said about reinforcements.
In his despatch to the Department, dated 20th August,
1845, he says:
“I beg to call jour attention to the condition of the artille-
ry company serving in this army, in regard to the number of
men soon to be discharged, and the necessity of supplying
their places as early in the autumn as practicable. From qn of-
ficial report of Lieut. Bragg it appears that twelve men will
be discharged by the end of November1—there being now fifty
enlisted men in the company. There will thus, at the end of
November, be fourteen vacancies in the company, unless some
reinlistments should reduce the number, upon which we can-
not reckon with any degree of certainty. To render a com-
pany efficient, with four pieces, sixty men are required ; to
complete which number, should the General in-Chief see fit
to add a detachment to the company for this service, twenty-
two recruits will be required.”
“ The great importance of keeping this small force in an ef-
ficient condition, will excuse me for urging the necessity of
sending out good recruits to the company as soon as the ad-
vanced season will render i t safe to pass through New Orleans. ”
“ The field battery, much to my regret, has not yet arrived.
I could get no guns of suitable caliber from the St. Mary’s
sloop of war ; but have procured three pieces, indifferently
equipped, and a small supply of ammunition, from the citizens
of the place.”
On the 15th October last, in his despatch to the Depart-
, ment, he says :
“ Three hundred recruits are now wanted in the regiments
and detachments here ; which number, I can hardly doubt,
will be increased to nearly five hundred by the close of the
year. I hope measures may be taken to supply the requisite
number of recruits, or as many as can be spared from the depot. ”
liv despatch of November 19, he informs the Department
that he will discharge a few companies of Texan rangers
which he had taken into service' except one to be retained for
guides, at the end of the year, when their time would expire.
And then he adds: “It will then become necessary to
strengthen the regular force on the frontier,” &c. In his let-
ter of the 29th March, 1846., from his camp opposite Mata-
moras, he says :
“ The attitude of the Mexicans is so far decidedly hostile.
An interview has been held, by my direction, with the milita-
ry authorities in Matamoras, hut with no satisfactory result.”
“ Under this state of things, I must again and urgently call
your attention to the necessity of speedily sending recruits to this
army.’'’
“ The militia of Texas are so remote from the border * * *
that we cannot depend upon their aid.”
On the 8th April last the Adjutant General wrote from
this city to General Taylor, at his post two thousand miles
distant :
“ All the disposable recruits for the general service, from
, New York, and Newport, Kentucky, «re en route for your
army, which you will please to assign on their arrival to such
regiments and companies as you may judge best. I regret to
say that the number will but little exceed two hundred—to
which one hundred may be added at New Orleans, from the
regimental depots—in ail over three liuadred men.”
On the 23d April last General Taylor acknowledges the
arrival of fifty-six recruits, and these were all that he received
previous to his two severe and memorable battles, and are included
in the estimate of his strength. He had been promised by the
Executive four thousand regulars, effective troops. From the
20th of August, 1845, up to the 29th of March last, in many
despatches besides those from which I have quoted, he was
urging from time to time upon the Department to send him
reefuits; that he could not rely upon the militia of Texas, from
their remoteness, &c. This opinion was well founded; for
when the storm burst upon him, he made immediate requisi-
tion upon Texas, but received no succors until the danger had
passed. He understood his position and the nature of the force
that was necessary : it was regular recruits ; and these he was
in vain demanding through seven months.
The President well understood that four thousand effective
regular troops were necessary to enable him to execute the
service upon which lie was sent; yet he is furnished with but
little more than half that number. I have seen from the pa-
pers that the besieged army in the fort was without a supply
of shells to return the fire of the Mexicans from Matamoras,
but that they were expected by ship in a few days. With the
great odds against Gen. Taylor, he might have lost the day
without any want of courage or skill on the part of himself
or his little army. If this lamentable catastrophe had befal-
len, who would have been justly responsible ? The Admin-
istration, which had again and again promised him four thou-
sand effective men, and left him with twenty-three hundred,
or he ? The difference would have secured him against every
peril, and freed the country of all apprehensions for him. No,
sir, the glory won by himself and his heroic army is not due
to the vigilance and attention of this Administration, to the
ample supplies of men and munitions which it promised, but
did not furnish ; but to his experience and ability as a com-
mander ■ to his cool head and stout heart; to the effective dis-
cipline and science upon which he had formed his army ; to
the enthusiasm and confidence with which he inspired it; to
the unconquered and unconquerable souls of him and his
soldiery.
The Administration now loads him with its praises and
honors, but he owes neither his safety nor fame to it, but to
his own good and trusty sword. The friends of the President
say that this bill is intended to secure him in the chief com-
mand in the future prosecution of this war. I for one am
unwilling to entrust this rough, but heroic soldier to the
discretion of a President who so deliberately and coldly pre-
pared to sacrifice him upon a contingency. General Taylor
has won for himself a place equally above the ambitious
schemes or the selfish show of magnanimity of Mr. Polk;
and there let him repose on his own fresh laurels. He wants
no commission of a major general from Mr. Polk to add to
their greenness or endurance. He is entitled to command in
this war, and this right is vindicated by his two signal victo-
ries, and the deathless fame which they have given him. If
the single object of Mr. Polk is to do him justice, let him recog-
nise the authority which his brevet commission of major general
of right gives him. If he desires a major general with a regu-
lar commission to bear the standard of our country in this
Mexican war, let him look to the hero of Lundy’s lane.
Mr. BOYD inquired whether it was in order for him to
move an amendment to the first section of the bill; and, be-
ing informed that it was, he accordingly moved the following,
to come in after the words “ brigadier general
“To continue in service so long only as their services shall
be required in connexion with the militia and volunteers.”
Mr. HENLEY said that he did not rise to make a speech.
He had long been utterly disgusted with the whole system of
speech-making as it was practised in that House .- but he had
a few remarks to offer, with which he would not long detain
the committee. It was his purpose to strike out the whole of
the first section of this bill; and he should, at the proper time,
propose an amendment to that effect. While he agreed with
the gentleman from Kentucky (Mr. Davis)'in some of the
views he had expressed, he must be permitted so far to ex-
plain his own position as to say, that though he should vote
with him against the appointment of these generals, he
could not concur in a single word of what he had stated as his
reasons for such a course.
Mr. H. thought there was no necessity for appointing any
more major generals or any more brigadier generals. We had
enough of both to command our troops ; enough to gain the
most splendid victories. If not, the volunteer force which the
President was authorized to accept, would readily furnish us
with all the additional officers which the service might require.
Then their services would terminate with the war, but if we
put these general officers into commission, and made them a
portion of the line of the army, the Government would never
get rid of them, but they would be fastened on the treasury
for the rest of their lives. Did the honorable chairman of the
Military Committee, who reported this bill, believe that the
country had any need of the services of these additional offi-
cers in time of peace ? Those which we had while peace con-
tinued were doing little or nothing, and were gentlemen pre-
pared to give two more major generals and four brigadier gen-
erals to help them in doing nothing ? For his own part he
believed that this Mexican war was already pretty much at an
end; but if it should turn out to be otherwise, he still believed
that there could be necessity for these appointments.
But, while he thus far agreed with the gentleman from
Kentucky, he was utterly at a loss to conceive a single plau-
sible motive which that gentleman could possibly have for the
assault he had attempted to make upon the President. He
declared, with all honesty and sincerity, that he was unable
to comprehend any possible ground or motive for such an at-
tack. And, after all, what had he made of it ? He was vio-
lently dissatisfied with the President, that was plain ; hut for
what ? Because he had done nothing wrong to afford the
gentleman just grounds to censure him. The President, it
seems, had committed a great offence, because he had declar-
ed, when the army was thought to be in danger, that General
Taylor had been clothed with authority to make a requisition
on the Governors of the neighboring States for militia to come
to his aid. Was it not true, and had not thereby the Presi-
dent placed himself in a position where the gentleman could
not justly assail him for the neglect of his duty ? Hence it
was that the gentleman was so angry with him.
Mr. DAVIS here interposed to say that he had not blamed
the President for conferring on General Taylor power to call
militia to his aid, but for not having sent him the number of
troops which he had promised that he would send.
Mr. HENLEY. Exactly. And what did all this amount
to ? The President had promised to send Gen. Taylor four
thousand troops, and because a battle had happened on the Rio
Grande sooner than any one expected, and before the troops
had arrived there, the President was guilty of ar'breach of
promise, and had been ready to sacrifice his General. The
President never would please the gentleman from Kentucky,
let him do what he would ; and if the gentleman could found
an open attack on grounds so flimsy as these, he never need to
expect to be free from that gentleman’s censure. A man
jealous of his wife could not make an accusation out of such
materials as these. Mr. H. was a party man, but when he
wanted to assail an opponent, he sought more valid grounds
to do it than these. He hoped he never should be guilty of
the folly of rashly commencing an attack on a political adver-
sary without at least some plausible pretext. Did not that
gentleman know that, previous to the seventh of last month,
we had been in the daily receipt of news from the army, and
that neither the General nor any body else had any expectation
that a fight would have happened so soon ? Had not Col.
Worth arrived from the camp, having left it but the day be-
fore the action took place, and did not that officer declare here
openly that there was not the least danger ? -Supposing his
opinion had been right, and no attack had been made ; supposing
the enemy had remained on the other side of the river, and the
President had sent large reinforcements to the support of Gen.
Taylor, what should they have heard in that case from the gen-
tleman from Kentucky 1 Would he not have risen in his
place and proclaimed to the House and to the country the
reckless spirit in which this Administration expended the pub-
lic money when there was not the least necessity for it ?
Would he not have told them how culpable it was in Mr.
Polk to raise all these forces and send them to rescue Gen.
Taylor when he was in no manner of danger ? That a Pre-
sident like that was wholly unworthy of the confidence of the
American people ? Such an attack might have been made
with something more of reason and decency than that to which
the committee had just been listening.
Mr. BRINKERHOFF here asked Mr. Hekuet to yield
him the floor ; but
Mr. HENLEY refused, reminding him that he had once
before entreated a similar favor from Mr. B., who had per-
emptorily refused it. In a House like that, where there were
so many people, and so few ways of paying a debt, the gen-
tleman must really excuse him if he availed himself of this op-
portunity to square accounts. [A laugh.]
The gentleman from Kentucky was in the habit of rapping
his opponents pretty hard over the knuckles, but on the pre-
sent occasion, if there had been any point in his speech, it
was wholly and entirely either above or below Mr. H.’s com-
prehension. He did frankly confess that he could see neither
point in the speech nor motive for making it. But that might
probably be because the gentleman from Kentucky had soared
so far above Mr. H.’s humble powers of understanding.
The gentleman seemed jealous lest the laurels of General
Taylor should be transferred to the brow of the President.
Why, had any one attempted to pluck a single leaf from the
wreath which that brave officer had earned ? Had any body
intimated such an idea as transferring to the President the
credit of Gen. Taylor’s victories ? Had Gen. Taylor chosen
the gentleman from Kentucky to vindicate his honor ? Had
he constituted that gentleman the guardian of his laurels ?
Mr. H. could not believe it. General Taylor’s fame needed
no guardian. The glory of his victory needed no man to vin-
dicate it.- His bravery and patriotism vindicated themselves.
Where, then, was the necessity that the gentleman from Ken-
tucky should undertake to be his defender when no man had
attacked him, or thought of such a thing ? What possible
excuse could he have for an insinuation so base and so ground-
less as that the President was envious of the well-earned fame
of his general ? No sooner had he heard of the victory than
he at once breveted him as a major general. What more could
he have done ? Did this look like envy ? Did this seem as
if he wished to transfer his laurels to the brow of another ?
The more Mr. H. reflected upon the speech, the more in-
comprehensible did it appear. The motives of the gentleman
baffled all attempts of his to understand them. He hoped it
could not be that he wished to get up a feeling of jealousy
between General Taylor and the President. This general,
who was so treacherously sacrificed by the President’s breach
of promise, had nevertheless done something which perhaps
his zealous friend might not quite approve. He had named
the fortress at Point Isabel Fort Polk, after the name of his
betrayer. Thus it seemed that a mutual compliment had
passed between them. The President nominating General
Taylor as a brevet major general, and General Tayloi honor-
ing the President by giving his name to an important fortifica-
tion. Did the gentleman regret this ? and was it this which
incited him to create feelings of jealousy between them ? The
President asked none of his laurels ; nor did the President’s
friends desire one of them to fade. In conclusion, Mr. II.
would observe that the speech of the gentleman would have
been perfect and complete if he had only thought of closing
it with one of Horace Greeley’s homilies on the horrors of
war.
Mr. BURT here moved that the committee rise, that he
might have an opportunity of introducing a resolution to ex-
tend the time of debate.
The motion prevailed. The committee rose : Ayes 59,
noes 30. No quorum voting.
Mr. BURT moved, in the House, to reconsider the vote by
which it had postponed the special order of the day (which
was the consideration of territorial bills.)
The motion prevailing, and the House having agreed to re-
consider—
Mr. BURT moved to postpone the special order until
Tuesday next; which was also agreed to.
Mr. BURT then moved a resolution limiting the debate to
three o’clock on Wednesday next.
Mr. HENLEY moved three o’clock this day.
Mr. COBB moved five o’clock to-day. Lost.
Mr. BURT now modified his resolution so as to limit the
debate to two o(clock on Wednesday ; in which form it was
agreed to, and the House returned to the Committee of
the Whole on the state of the Union, (Mr. Tibbatts in the
chair. )-
Mr. HARALSON said it was not his object to follow "the
example which had been set him by the gentleman from Ken-
tucky in giving to this national question a narrow party cast.
His purpose was to explain the provisions of the bill, and
briefly to present those reasons which had induced the com
mittee to report it to the House.
It seemed to him, however, somewhat strange that the gen-
tleman from Kentucky, after complaining that but an hour
and a quarter was left for the debate, should himself consume
nearly the whole of that time in a speech manifestly addressed
to Buncombe, and no doubt intended as a very severe attack
on the Administration. Yet there was one thing still more
strange that a gentleman who had been complaining very
loudly against the preamble of the supply bill, because it de-
clared that war existed in Mexico, and who had stienuously
insisted that there was no war, should now complain just as
loudly that more forces were not sent to prosecute the war.
Why, according to the gentleman’s own account, where was
any need of sending more forces ? Who might be expected
best to know the wants of the army, the President and his
Secretary, or the General on tjie spot and in command ?
General Taylor knew his own strength, and he was best
acquainted with the movements and with the probable strength
of his enemy. He had made no complaint against the Presi
dent, nor had the gentleman from Kentucky any just ground
to do so ; least of all ought such complaints to be heard from
a gentleman who insisted that there was no waft. The se-
quel, instead of justifying complaint, had furnished matter of
the highest commendation, both to the General and to the Ad-
ministration who had sent and who sustained him. Ample au-
thority had been given him, and given in time, to enable him
to call out the strength of the adjoining States to his aid.
Would the gentleman undertake to judge for General Taylor,
and to say that he had not men enough, wnen he could have
had more if he had asked for them. But Taylor knew his
position. He was not terrified at the strength of his enemy.
He felt himself fully equal to the emergency, and the result
had proved that he was not mistaken. Had the President
sent more troops to his relief, then immediately a lamentation
would have been set up that the Administration should send,
at vast public expense, such numerous detachments across the
Nueces, when General Taylor had not asked for more. Mr.
H. had heard no complaint against either the General or the
President till the present speech of the gentleman from
Kentucky.
Mr. H. here yielded the floor at the request of—
Mr. BRINKERHOFF, who wished to set the gentleman
from Kentucky right as to a matter of fact. The gentleman
had charged that the President had promised Gen. Taylor four
thousand men, but that they were not there. Mr. B. held in
his hand the official returns from Gen. Scott, made at the
commencement of the session, from which it appeared that
the number of men under the command of Gen. Taylor had
been 4,079. While it was very true that at the time the late
battles occurred Gen. Taylor had at his disposal but twenty-
three hundred effective men, it ought to be remembered that
he had left five hundred to garrison the fort opposite Matamo-
ras, and from four to five hundred more to strengthen his po-
sition at Point Isabel, while another detachment was at San
Antonio, and a few more at other points in the neighborhood;
so that, when the facts were looked at, the gentleman’s whole
charge fell at once to the ground.
Mr. DAVIS here rose to explain. The gentleman from
Ohio knew or ought to know that the report of Gen. Scott
was made on the foundation that the companies were full.
The gentleman had said that there was no deficiency in ful-
filling the promise of the Administration. It had promised
Gen. Taylor four thousand men. Would that gentleman here
say that there had been at any time that number of men un-
der the command of Gen. Taylor ?
Mr. BRINKERHOFF replied that he would'say there, in
his place, what Gen. Scott said in his official return, that
there had been four thousand and seventy-nine men under
his command, with the necessary deduction of one hundred
and ninety-eight who were absept on duty.
Mr. DAVIS asked whether the gentleman could state how
many efficient troops Gen. Taylor had had under him when
he took command ?
Mr. BRINKERHOFF said he would refer the gentleman
to the report of Gen. Scott,
Mr. HARALSON resumed. As to the number of effec-
tive men with which Gen. Taylor had achieved the late victo-
ry, it was very common in an army of four thousand men that
there should be six and eight per cent, not ready for duty. In
one instance, during the last war, such deficiency had
amounted to 12 and even to 14 per cent.: so that it might
very well have happened that, although four thousand men had
been sent according to promise, yet, deducting for the garri-
sons absent as well as for the ordinary proportion not fit for
duty, that Gen. Taylor should have had but twenty-three
hundred men actually in the field.
Mr. DAVIS inquired whether the gentlemen meant to say
that the aggregate number of troops opposite Matamoras had
ever amounted to four thousand ■ Or would they undertake
to say that the efficient force there had at any time exceeded
three thousand ?
Mr. HARALSON observed that no official report of the
actual amount of the efficient force under Gen. Taylor had
ever been received from him since the army took post oppo-
site Matamoras ; but the official returns from Major General
Scott authorized him to say that Gen. Taylor had had under
his command more than four thousand men. Mr. H. here
quoted a document from the Adjutant General, dated 5th Au-
gust, 1845, in which he stated the authority which had been
given to Gen. Taylor to make requisitions for additional force.
The power, which had at first been confined to Texas, had in
the month of August been extended to other neighboring
States. [Mr. H. here again quoted the Adjutant General’s
eport. ] He added that it was worthy of remark that at the
time the attack was made on Gen. Taylor, the forces he had
required had all been provided, and were on their way. How-
ever, it was not Mi. H.’s object to make a party speech, or to
undertake to vindicate the Administration. He had thrown
out these ideas only by way of reply.
Mr. H.’s object had been to discuss the bill reported from
the committee, and he invoked gentlemen to attend calmly
and candidly while he endeavored to present the reasons which
had induced the Military Committee to report this bill.
And here he would say, in the commencement, that he was
not apprized that that was the plan which would be pursued
by the Administration in conducting this war. It was theirs
to execute. It belonged to Congress to put at their disposal
the necessary means, if it was intended to make this an effi-
cient war, and he trusted such arrangements would be agreed
to as would enable the Executive to bring it not only to an
honorable but to a speedy termination. Could ariy gentleman
wish that the whole force of sixty-five thousand men should
be disposed of upon the frontier; that it should remain there
and do nothing ? That it should go and stand there and wait
till the Mexicans were pleased to attack it? If, indeed, this
was to be the plan of the campaign, then he freely admitted
that there would be no use in appointing either major generals
or brigadier generals, nor of accepting and organizing so large
a force. But if the plan was to conduct our war with vigor
and make it tell, then the forces would not be detained on the
Rio Grande; but we should, if necessary, invade the interior
of the country and compel a peace on honorable terms. At
the same time, he disclaimed all knowledge as to what was to
be the direction given to the force now raised. Who could
foretell what a day might bring forth. Should Paredes keep
himself within the walls of Mexico, it might possibly become
necessary to make our way to the capital, either by the way of
the coast or by the way of Santa Fe, or both. In such case
we might need general officers to take command of the wings
of the at my, but much would necessarily depend on the kind
one major general } Did they not wish to afford him auxili-
ary aid ? Should Gen. Scott be sent into the field the same
need of aid would still exist even to procure the army sup-
plies. Suppose it should he determined to invade Mexico,
how could Gen. Taylor conduct the army unless he was com-
missioned as a major general ?
Mr. DAVIS inquired whether a brevet general did not ex-
DOMESTIC EXPORTS OF THE UNITED STATES.
The subjoined Table has been compiled, with great care and considerable labor, from the Annual
Report of Commerce and Navigation for the last fiscal year. It comprehends the sum and substance ot
- a , , ~ , more than forty pages of that document. It shows, in a single tabular arrangement, what neither that
ercise thesame command^with a general in fufl;oomim«on | document..nor any other document issued by the Department does show, the amount of domestic pro-
four regiments of militia'would"1 be fumfshed. "They would'; duce and manufacture taken from us by each country with which we have commercial intercourse, an
form a division, and would be placed under a major general, ! also that of each leading article taken by each country. Each country s business is shown in one line,
When that militia major geneial came into the field with Gen. j and ad the leading features of this most important branch of our commerce are perceived by a moment s
Taylor, he would outrank him, because Gen. Taylor would be jnSpecti0n. The “ annual statement” furnishes the materials for this statement, but they are of compa-
on'y a ™J°r,fneral by bruevtf , 4 ! ratively little practical utility without collocation and arrangement. This we have endeavored to give to
Mr. DAVIS inquired whether brevet did not give him Ins J ^ ^ t ^ what we haye before gtated> and what daily experience confirms, that, so
far as regards the extension of useful practical knowledge respecting our Commerce, our Manufactures,
our Agriculture, our Fiscal Affairs, and all the great interests of the country, more benefit would be confer-
red upon the people at large by printing annually a small pamphlet, of probably not more than a hundred
paces, containing a series of well-arranged tables upon these subjects, than by all the mammoth documents
which flow from the public press, and deluge the grocers’ shops and the depositories of waste paper.
The preparation of such tables would form a very appropriate employment for the Bureau ot Statistics
which is atlached to the Treasury Department, although it would be only a very small portion of the^
duties which would devolve upon it, if its organization and employment were such as was intended by
those who labored in its establishment.
TABLE I.—LEADING ARTICLES OF DOMESTIC PRODUCE
Exported during they ear ending June 30,1845.
rank ?
Mr. HARALSON replied, not when a major general in
commission was present. The law declared that, when State
troops and United States troops of equal rank are acting to-
gether, the United States troops should take rank of the State
forces. But that did not apply to the case of brevetted and
commissioned officers.
Mr. DAVIS asked whether, in certain cases, (not heard by
the Reporter,) Brigadier General Worth had not taken
command ?
Mr. HARALSON replied, that, according to the order
made by General Jackson, brevet officers could not take com-
mand, evpn from a colonel of the line.
Mr. BOYD inquired whether General Smith, of Louisiana,
who was a major general of militia, and who had gone in
command of the troops from that State, when he arrived on
the field, would take rank of General Taylor, who was only
a brevet major general ?
Mr. HARALSON replied that he certainly would.
Mr. BOYD said, if that was so, then he hoped his col-
league (Mr. Davis) would no longer oppose this bill, after de-
claring that it was his wish that General Taylor should retain
his command.
Mr. DAVIS said that he had understood that a different
principle had been established by the Department of War, and
that General Taylor would command General Worth. It not,
all that Congress had to do was to restore the rule respecting
brevet rank which had prevailed during the last war.
Mr. HARALSON said he should not occupy the time of
the committee in further discussing this principle of brevet
rank. It had distracted the army for the last twenty years,
and had proved a fruitful source of collision and discontent.
He was for settling the question practically in respect to Gen-
eral Taylor by giving that officer a full commission as major
general, and it was with that view especially that Mr. H. had
been willing to report this bill.
But there were other reasons in its favor. He had already
touched upon the great disparity between the army in 1812
and at present, in point of officers. The service might re-
quire major generals of militia and brigadier generals also.
When there were two regiments from the same State they
would form a brigade, and must be commanded by a briga-
dier ; if there were four or five, they would form a division,
and would require a major general. But it might happen that
one State would send one regiment and another State would
also send one regiment, and these two regiments might be or-
ganized into a brigade : from which State was the brigadier to
be taken who should command them ? The laws of the
States in regard to the appointment of officers might conflict
with each other.
A substitute had been proposed this morning, by way of
amendment, which was intended to limit the term of service
of these officers to the continuance of the war with Mexico.
Now, Mr. H. was as willing as any gentleman that, when
weHiad no more need for the services ot these officers, their
support should be no longer continued as a burden on the Go-
vernment ; but he thought it would be very improper to in-
troduce any such provision into this bill. The officers who
now held permanent commissions would be very loth to relin-
quish their existing rank even for a higher rank, if thereby
their employment was to become temporary only. Let gen-
tlemen consider how such a provision must operate on Gen.
Taylor himself. Did gentlemen expect that he would be will-
ing to give up his present rank for a higher rank, if he knew
that at the end of the war he would lose his commission ? And
yet did they desire that he should be out-ranked in the field ?
Mr. H. thought it would be time enough to make all these ar-
rangements when the war should be over. This was what we
had heretofore done, and he presumed it could be done again.
To adopt the amendment would only produce discontent, and
might operate to keep out of the service many valuable men
who would otherwise be willing and glad to enter it. The
measure was premature, and might involve the country in
difficulties which could not now be foreseen. He hoped the
amendment would not he pressed. Should the present war
prove a short one, as he hoped it would, it might be the lot
even of the present Congress to settle all these questions ;-
but, if not, it could be done by their successors
Mr. H. said he had designed to give the reasons of the
committee more at length upon the several sections of the bill
in order, but he would not now detain the committee by doing
so. Meanwhile he prayed gentlemen of the committee to be
well assured that the bill had no such object as the superse-
ding of Gen. Taylor. Its object was just the reverse ; it was
to enable the President to do for him that which he desires to
do—put him at the head of the army, and to keep him there
till he should have completed what he had so well begun
Mr. McDOWELL, of Ohio, here asked Mr. H. a ques-
tion, not distinctly heard by the Reporter ; but which led to
further explanation as to the necessity of these officers,
whether in'battle or in conducting the campaign.
Mr. HARALSON utterly disclaimed the advocacy of this
bill on the ground that it would increase Executive patronage.
He supported it solely with a view to the public service. The
provision in the third section for the employment of second
lieutenants in certain companies had been introduced, because
in the organization of the militia by the States it had been
usual in some States to appoint a second lieutenant, in others
not. This clause would enable the President to accept the
services of these corps as organized in conformity to the laws
of their respective States.
In conclusion, Mr. H. said that his one only desire had
been to secure as great efficiency in the military service of the
country as could be attained. If any gentleman could show
how that object could be better accomplished than by the pro-
visions of this bill, no man could be more ready than he should
be to adopt a better plan.
Mr. McDOWELL, of Ohio, here obtained the floor, but
yielded it for a moment to—
Mr. A. JOHNSON, of Tennessee, who expressed his
wish to move an amendment providing that after the war the
employment of these officers should not continue more than
six months.
Mr. BOYD withdrew his amendment as formerly offered and
presented it in a modified form, as follows :
“ Provided, That when the existing war with Mexico shall
terminate, the number of major generals in th£ army shall be
reduced to one, and the number of brigadier generals shall be
reduced to two.”
Mr. EWING, of Tennessee, suggested as an amendment
that when the reduction of the army should take place respect
should be had to the dates of officers’ commissions.
Mr. McDOWELL, of Ohio, then took the floor, and
spoke in opposition to the views of the Committee on Military
Affairs; and was followed by—
Mr. CARROLL, of New York, on the same side of the
question ; both of whose speeches are necessarily deferred on
account of the lateness of the hour.
THE CHEROKEE INDIANS
After the committee rose, a motion was made that the
House adjourn; and the yeas and nays being ordered, it was
withdrawn.
Mr. JACOB THOMPSON, from the Committee on Indian
Affairs, reported a bill to protect the Cherokee Indians from
domestic strife, and for other purposes ; which was read and
committed.
The following is an abstract of the provisions of the bill.
Sec. 1 provides for the appointment of three commissioners,
to proceed to the Cherokee country, and to divide the same
into two parts, in such manner and proportions, having refer-
ence to numbers of souls, and the quality of land, irrespective
of improvements, as they shall find to be proper. One part
to be assigned to the “ Old Settlers” and the “Treaty Party,”
who shall thereafter be recognised as one community or tribe,
and designated as the Western Cherokees ; the other part to
be assigned to the Ross Party, to be designated as the Ross
Party. Each party to be restored to all the laws, customs,
and forms of government as were held or enjoyed by each prio
Country.
Russia..........
Prussia..........
Sweden, Norway, &
Denmark and de-
pendencies. ......
Hanse Towns......
Holland and depen-
dencies..........
Belgium...........
England k depend’s
France... .do.....
Spain.....do......
Portugal.. .do......
Italy, Sardinia, and
Sicily...........
Trieste, &c........
Turkey, Levaut, &c.
Hayti.............
Texas.............
Mexico............
Central Republic of
America........
New Grenada...
Venezuela........
Brazil............
Cisplatine Republic
Argentine ... .do..
Chili.............
Peru.............
China............
All other places...
Cotton.
$508,476
5,885
162,877
1,015,605
706,115 1,189,601
800,921 99,662
35,774,447 2 292,990
8,895,1391,106 613
Tobacco
733
84,551
1,916,311
2,046,897
22,521
360,214
1,153,304
4,224
113,412
4S,840
120,726
40
205,893
1,589
317,935
78,892
2,463
22,365
8,049
698
1,255
5,715
7,936
3,616
3,400
7,366
5,845
106,341
Rice.
$17,601
37,616
115,176
131,895
73,496
101,577
467,756
185,099
799,967
18,130
3,180
2,975
25,438
479
5,045
3,901
147,264
28,854
53,166
19,435
4,559,920 3,658,355
9,620
51,739,6437,469,819
12,232
31,988
16,518
101,472
2,160,456
436,173
35,367
136,218
4,061
92,584
509,658
36,103
270
13,475
3,374
261,880
30,095
89,332
3,100
10,580
190,934
3,127 1,106,686
62,217
57,608
39,087
9,969
16,792
124,164
7,833,548
270
94
658,295
978,047
6,629
5,013
1,082
1,742
289,287
3,746
30,063
593
659
57,874
53,411
13,204
10,374
54,107
871
32,396
101,563
310
397,519
83,438
590,691
502,740
128,752
1,187,299
396,860
681,917
11,826
12,252
2,158
95
334,829
3,120
22,218
315
1,218
15,957
51,442
4,639
13,04S
17,089
30
1,572
45,790
6,206,394.4,507,124
1,614
50’560
106,416
323,145
331,803
299,860
2,715,359
787,505
1,122,620
110,648
15,469
21,536
2,471
44,146
10,042
41,526
1,081
4,032
26,288
60,099
7,081
59,402
36,513
12,201
ll
198
45,331
112 266
173,340
23,456
139,386
16,005
405
42,872
4 736
5,138
102,008
36,655
118,045
24,575
2,483.406
162,105
767,627
10,562
104,150
138,240
59,155
138,820 163,188
54,456 89,999
119,761 341,716
18,671
* 62,457
830,926
10,687
38,656
652,607
5,234
207,635 1,496,470
151,369
13,368
31,757
151,338
249,669’
26,807
95,352
359,298
4,684
78,326
345,924} 379,863
2,907
1,294
14,3S8
Total.
$536,845
502,007
1,297,622
28,404 4,106,927
11,29J 3,234,748
1,495,754
54-624,652
12951.669
7,344,048
237,092
821,021
1,433,103
115,553
1.327.891
210,736
784,154
41,548
48,717
535,545
2,413,567
140,986
342,575
1,247,360
33,424
2,079,341
1.392.891
16,911
1311,780
644,013
92,036
' 3,079
2,133
21,435
3,381
47,938
6,526
20,383
3,096
471
15,362
50,271
503
32,747
15,935
435
119,579
36,365
6,550,421 4,327,928 6,001,773 2,502,670 99,299,776
The column “ all other articles and non-enumerated articles” comprehends the following
lead, $342,646 ; non-enumerated articles, $1,315,578. Total, $2,502,670.
Gold and silver coin, $844,446
The following short tables appear to connect properly with this subject; and they will probably be inte-
resting to a portion of our manufacturing friends, who may wish to have a birdseye view of the distri-
bution which was made last year of some of the products of their industry, taste, and ingenuity :
TABLE II.
Countries to which exported.
Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and de-
pendencies .....................
Holland and dependencies..........
England and dependencies..........
France and dependencies...........
Spain and dependencies...........
Turkey, Levant, &c..............
Hayti..........................
Texas............. ...........
Mexico.........................
Central Republic of America.......
New Grenada...................
Venezuela......................
Brazil..........................
Cisplatine Republic...............
Argentine Republic... .■...........
Chili..........................
Peru...........................
China..........................
Africa generally..................
South Sea and Pacific Ocean.......
All other places..................
$5,213
4,244
61,868
543
50,710
2,553
4,472
1,806
14,603
68
2,624
5,096
24,382
3,481
4,475
76,215
186
5,522
3,573
1,468
4,386
277,488 55,821
ii
s 1 s
’fa60
O o
$1,502
225
8,121
9,953
ll
$287
3,290
49
IS,371 13,306
535
■ 2,662
6,919
1,405
920
3,268
740
400
800
270
830
1,319
111
264
671
35
185
105
125
20,847
$641
481
23,742
416
6.796
824
3,853
9,846
768
147
2.797
12,425
1,082
2,628
964
193
392
1,192
784
626
$304
6,591
2,150
1,691
128
2,031
1,409
80
98
527
13,184
140
1,574
m
735
687
28,101
45
70,597 59,653
$12,211
768
243,503
234
1,672
998
16,983
3,383
4,011
3,669
12,240
14,074
1,860
2,101
8/257
2,127
$1,216
75
1,743
2,034
200
190
87
1,643
196
3,216
8,834
970
3,013
295
189
100
328,09l| 23,794) 2,206
$2,848,
3,198
9,148
472
3,503
505
1,032
1,193
1,649
68
708
3,891
1,281
2,468
5,717
350
5,009
2,956
7,071
1,949
$432
48
2,261
9,843
100
56
222
2,067
270
464
600
55,016j 16,363
TABLE II.—Continued.
of warfare which the enemy might offer. If Mexico should • to 1835, and shall be possessed of all the rights of distinct and
present terms of peace, then of course the force would not be
needed. But should events render it necessary for us to put
forth our strength, then an efficient and well organized army
ought to be placed at the disposal of the President.
In the last war our numerical force had amounted to sixty-
five thousand. How many generals had we then ? By re-
ferring to the regular army for 1813,. it appeared that we had
six major generals, sixteen brigadiers in commission, and two
brigadiers by brevet; and yet now gentlemen complained of
the enormous increase of general officers, when it was pro-
posed to add two major generals and four brigadiers. We had
now five or six brigadiers by brevet. In the last war we had
sixteen ; now we had but six in all.
The gentleman from Kentucky had insinuated that the
covert purpose ot the Administration in presenting a bill like
this had been to take the laurels from the brow of General
jTaylor. Mr. H. should feel himself unworthy of the situation
he occupied, unworthy of a seat in this or any other assem-
bly of honorable men, could he have consented to be made the
unholy instrument of such a purpose. The gentleman him-
self could not feel a higher or a stronger desire to put merited
honor on that brave and distinguished man. To steal his
laurels ? How could such a thought have entered into the
gentleman’s mind ? Had not the President given every
proof that it gave him the highest pleasure to minister to him
the full meed of honor he had so nobly won ? And had he
not given every pledge by his conduct that the command would
be retained in Gen. Taylor’s hands ? But how could this be
done under the law as it now stood ? Gen. Scott was the
only major general we had or could have ; and did gentlemen.
Countries to
which exported.
Sweden, Norway,
Denmark, and
dependencies .
Holland do.....
England do.....
France do.....
Spain do.....
Turkey, Levant.
Hayti..........
Texas.........
Mexico........
Central Republic
of America....
New Grenada...
Venezuela......
Brazil..........
Cisplatine Repub
Argentine Repub
Chili...........
Peru..........
China.........
Africa generally.
South Sea and Pa-
cific Ocean....
All other places.
Dollars Dollars
27,789 9,074
19,579
233,335
2,024
113,061
150
98,308
628
639
254
1,264
58,591
28,396
1,079
4,794
22,453
405
2,178
4,150
2,632
2,183
2,469
43,116
4,495
40,839
2,803
3,656
34.594
2,095
10,760
10.594
3,233
335
3,543
30,982
2,403
530
2,683
4,633!
Dolls.
3,757
217
Dolls. iDolls,
l,56li 345
521’
8,160 4,237’59,351
93.....1 73
7,577, 780!l3,488
517
1,983
1,190 94
459
8,623j
362'
109'.
1,9471
1,938
144.
711!.
7,435,
4l'.
1,505 .
l,583i
3,047j
1,735 .
243
792
219
553
634
4,958
75
418
1,350
75
148
352
4,984
5,250
516
1,316
728
Dolls.
1,867
599
5,096
2,404
41,307
2,649
2,739
3,308
Dollars)
2,094
23
52,648
761
3,053
464
682
7,893
673
850
1,208
2,062
O?
bn
Dollars
7,746
46,060
37,886
1,793
9,144 201,166
......j 398
7061 21,443
1,802) 11,639
44,020 119,290
250
393
197
262)
335!
375
2,038
3,276
5,685
4,882
2,549
2,269
47,139
17 v
4,333
3,146
836 13,646
5,163112,546
ai
&
OS
O
i
«a 0
% §
cC ffS
S
"3
cS
3
cn
&
0
g*
fa
K
&
w
Doll s.
1,448
2,532
5,327
686
34,024
21
532
6,019'
1,894
3,435
3,003'
159
262
26,563
* 887
895
173
6,876
Dolls.
4,217
4,034
1,269
8,135
1,109
4,639
653
1,128
714
876
Dolls.
250
410
5,49 4
4,465
1,450
2,591
284
990
800
1,425
150
Dolls. Dolls. 1 Dolls. Dolls,
538} 700 3,252) 169
500; 150 13,714} 1,813
20,812 10,738 420,382 54,085
1,186 .......1 8,727 1,495
3,268; 46,753 23,055111,239
.....I.......j 867
201) 1,067, 1,253
112 1,029 5,580
4,980 12,671 8,981
1,655
1,287
1,056
2,033'
32
1,126
315
1,940
2,257
623,946(212,837 50,165 7,393 98,760 77,669 118,248 649,100 94,736 26,77418,309*43,298106,190 538,498 92,614
152
3,760
8,048
2,785
146
2,451}
7,646
250
6,603
23
}
1,120 3,983
98 22,131
125
1,669
6,242
527
3,283
8,496
13,859
2,372
887
370
1,590
373
368
1,732
30
1,019
7,323
1,095
218
253
8,555
We will include the remainder of this table in the following third portion, which embraces some articles
Countries to which exported.
separate tribes.
Sec. 2. The proviso of the second section of the act of 30th
June, 1834, to regulate'trade with the Indians and to preserve
peace on the frontiers, is repealed; but no action shall be in-
stituted for the punishment of crime by one Indian against the
person or property of another, except upon the complaint of
the superintendent or agent.
Sec. 3. If the Cherokees yet remaining in North Carolina
shall within two years remove to the West; they are to be
entitled to reside with either of the two sections or tribes into
which the nation may he divided. And they are to be sub-
sisted one year after removal at the expense of the United
States. Such as may remove themselves, to be allowed $20
lor each member of their families. They aie also, equally
with those already in the West, to participate in the funds
vested for general purposes.
Mr. HUNT, of Michigan, asked leave to offer the following
resolution :
Resolved, That the Committee on Military Affairs be re-
quested to inquire into the expediency of erecting or reconstruct-
ing a fortification at Fort Gratiot, at the outlet of Lake Huron,
in the State of Michigan.
The resolution was received, read, and agreed to.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.
Mr, MORRIS asked leave to offer the following resolution :
Resolved, That the Judiciary Committee be instructed to re-
port a bill adopting the laws of the State of Maryland for the
government and administratinn of the District ofColumbia
After some conversation, a motion was made to lay this re-
Sweden, Denmark, Norway, and depen-
dencies..............................
Hanse Towns..........................
Holland and dependencies...............
Belgium..............................
England aud dependencies............
France do....................
Spain do..................
Portugal do...............
Italy, Sicily, and Sardinia............
Trieste and other Austrian ports........
Hayti...............................
Texas................................
Mexico..............................
Central Republic of America...........
New Grenada.........................
Venezuela............................
Brazil...............................
Cisplatine Republic...................
Argentine Republic...................
Chili................................
Peru ................................
China...............................
Africa generally......................
South Sea and Pacific Ocean............
All other places.......................
Dollars! Dollars} Dolls.
21,200; 3,706 889
’5,899;"2,933 ’ 299
......1....... 41
668,910} 22,556 56,438
3,474 2,542| 949
88,989! 80,810 15,9S6
1,702';.*......)......
1,174'....... 150
uijij uiojui wc liau ui tuuiu uavo , aau juiaj - , '• , i
desire to put the whole army of our sixty thousand men under # solution on the table; pending which, the House adjourned
29,148
923!
6,009;
220
160}
12,416;
9,096)
1,710
3,262!
7,303 .
7,577.
4,691;
3,974:
1,028
1,980!
1,995)
1,712!
160;.
sS
915)
62!.
750;
150:
290|
1,986,
1,137
459
510
" 78
1,469
1,653
’ ’617
Dolls.
376
18,876
28,752
94
277
4,174
2,080
184
^6
i
QJ
sT
S.
Sf
in
6
Dolls. Dollars
......| 1,915
Dollars Dollars
! 3,125 2 033
’913}
29,387
714
485
104
1,073
202
8,216
331
210
833
34,011
10,295
■ fi..
1,176
1,425
6,216
1,9721
94'
240
250:
1,267
84
236'.
92,282).
*9,108
2,341
723
2,711
Dollars
3,626
6,721
13,395
38,694
6,996 ......!.......! 84)
170 3,165 1,370.......)
1,459 7,792, 2,243;
2.33 1,649 16,205 11,656'.
2,570 10,910) 5,980 30,093)
770’........
2,841......| 1,842 2,442.
1,468 13,558 70,611 3,576
' 2,732: 9! 2,045!
.....i 53,112 4,053!
373: 89,189
10,013; 88S
......1 1,484
...... 12,631
3,017
1,9L4
6,956
1,937.....
1,302.....
6,527
4,094
1,540
Dolls. Dollars
2) 259
43,180
88 •
11,812!
59,560.
1,231
6,856
2,605'......}
60,893!......j
619,
900l
1,053'-
4751
1,908
1,213
3,115
2,429
22
497
1,046
1,023
334
1,085
468
431
408
1,059
279
1,254 ,
878,865 122,926 81,306 69,582 75,108 216,118 164,662 122,599 234,794 45,151 14,404
It may be as well to state, in relation to this table, that the Danish West Indies ta.ie the principal part
of what is included under the general head of Sweden, &c.; the Dutch East and West Indies the greater
part of that under the head of Holland; the British West Indies and American colonies the larger part
of what 4s entered under the head of England ; and Cuba and the other Spanish West Indies nearly the
whole of the exports under the head of Spain. We must again repeat our desire for information respect-
ing the exportation if any, of our wool and woollen manufactures. Would it not be practicable for this
annual document to furnish us with a statement of our commerce with the countries included in the “ Zoel-
Verein Union ?” Such information would be very desirable to possess, in consideration of the import-
ant position which that “ Union” has assumed in relation to the commerce of the world, and the particu-
lar bearing which it may be made to assume towards ourselves.
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National Intelligencer. (Washington [D.C.]), Vol. 47, No. 6779, Ed. 1 Thursday, June 4, 1846, newspaper, June 4, 1846; Washington, District of Columbia. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth1024991/m1/4/: accessed July 11, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu.; .