The Alto Herald and The Wells News 'N Views (Alto, Tex.), Vol. 92, No. 49, Ed. 1 Thursday, April 14, 1988 Page: 4 of 8
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PAGE LOUR — THE ALTO HERALDOF ALTO, TEXAS — THURSDAY, APRIL 14. 1988
ayfield discusses Chief Bowles
Bernard Mayfield was speaker for
the April 4 meeting of the Cherokee
County Heritage Association.
Mayfield chose for his topic Chief
John Bowles and the Texas
Cherokees.
“Everyone knows in 1836, Sam
Houston and the courageous Texans
defeated the Mexicans for Texas’
independence
“There is one fact that is
overlooked by Texas historians,
while General Sam Houston was
commanding the Texas Army at San
Jacinto another commander living
in East Ter is contributed largely to
the succt s of the Texas Revolution
by keeping his army neutral during
the war. His name was Chief John
Bowles, who held a commission in
the Mexican army. His army was
composed of the warriors of the
Texas Cherokee Nation and the
warriors of the Allied refugee In-
dian tribes living in East Texas.
“Bowles could summon to his
command forces almost as large a
group as Houston had at San
Bernard Mayfield
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and he could easily have determined
the outcome of the Texas Revolution
by unleashing his forces on either
the Mexicans or the Texans.
“As I tell you hi8 story I want you
to keep in mind that Bowles was no
ordinary Indian. In my opinion, he
was along with the great chiefs of the
western tribes that later colored the
rutDeanflT S hi*!'?”'.
The speaker reported that Bowles
was born in North Carolina between
1756 and 1760. His father was Scotch-
Irish and his mother was Cherokee.
Bowles is said to have had Anglo
features-an English head, sandy
hair, gray blue eyes. But everything
else was Indian, Mayfield reported.
He became chief of Running
Water Town on the Tennessee River
when Old Dragging Canoe died in
the spring of 1792. Bowles was 32. He
served as first chief of the Western
Cherokees from 1795 to 1813. Bowles
first appeared in history in 1795
when he became chief of Running
Water Town at the foot of Lookout
Mountain on the Tennessee River.
The .Great Earthquake hit
Mississippi Valley and Southeastern
Missouri in 1811. Bowles believed
the Great Spirit wanted him to
move. In 1813, one-third of the
Cherokees lived east of the
Mississippi.
Bowles moved south to Texarkana
and then left the United States and
moved into Spanish Texas, around
the Dallas area. This was in the path
of the Commanches and Bowles with
60 men and their families moved to
Spanish Forts (Nacogdoches) and
esablished a camp in Rusk County.
He lost his ehieftonship to Richard
Fields, a veteran of the War of 1812,
who was already in Rusk County.
Bowles became the second place
leader in the Confederacy. The
Cherokees were always leaders,
most of them were half bloods,
Mayfield said.
Bowles became chief in July 1826.
He had been commissioned as
Absentee votes
mav be cast
/
for referendum
Area cattle producers will have
the opportunity to vote on the con-
tinuation of the Beef Check-off
program on May 10, according to
County Extension Agent, Jack
White.'
“The voting will be held in my of-
fice in the Courthouse Annex in
Rusk,” says White, “however,
producers may vote absentee if it is
more convenient .”
Absentee ballots may be obtained
by requesting one from: Dr. Milo
Shult, Associate Director, Texas
Agricultural Extension Service, 105
System Bldg., Texas A&M Univer-
sity, College Station, Texas 77843-
9990.
“Be sure to include your name,
address and place of residence,”
added White, who also suggested
requesting the absentee ballot as
soon as possible It will take some
time to process through the mail and
must be in the Extension Office on
May 10.
For more information on ac-
tivities of the Beef Check-off
program, everyone is invited to at-
tend a program Tuesday April 26 at
the Extension Meeting Room, 2nd
floor of the Courthouse Annex in
Rusk The meeting will begin at 7
p.m. Speakers will include Linda
Janca and Johnnie McKay of the
Beef Industries Council.
“Every opportunity we have to
vote is important,” said White. “I
strongly urge you to Lake time out to
express your convictions ”
Lieutenant Colonel in the Mexican
Army. He had the Mexican of-
ficer’s hat. In March 1832, General
Manuel Teran, special advisory to
the Mexican governor, asked for
land titles for the Indians. The
governor ordered the papers
delivered to Col Jose de los Pudras
at Nacogdoches. Before matters
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committed suicide and the Governor
died of yellow fever and Piedras was
expelled from Nacogdoches.
The Indians were denied the land
and Bowles led a delegation to Texas
and Salitto seeking the title.
The Texas Revolution came and
Sam Houston was commander-in-
chief of the Texas army. He knew the
strength and wisdom of the
Cherokees, having been made a
citizen of this nation by Chief John
Jolly in 1829. Bowles had visited in
Houston’s home. Houston met with
Indian leaders at Bowles Village at
Redlawn in February 1836. He spent
several days trying to calm down the
Indians. A treaty was signed on Feb.
12 with the Cherokees and 12
associate tribes. The treaty reser-
ved lands in exchange for neutrality
in the upcoming Texas Revolution.
Houston gave Bowles a sword, silk
vest and a red sash. The war came
and the Indians remained neutral
and Texas won its independence.
Surveyors began marking off boun-
daries of Cherokee lands then came
the Killough Massacre. Settlers
immediately wanted to drive out the
Cherokees. Houston talked with
Bowles, who was camped on the
banks of the Angelina. The Indians
were ordered to be moved. Bowles
wanted to return to Old Cherokees.
The young men wanted to fight.
Bowles gathered his people,
warriors, women and children. They
set up camp in Smith County.
General Thomas Rusk’s East Texas
Militia arrived at the Neches Saline
with Secretary of War Johnston,
General Hugh McLeod Bowles
asked for two months for the move
and was refused. The Indians were
asked for their gun locks or to sign a
treaty with stipulated payment for
goods and crops left behind and
removal with escort. Bowles asked
for time and then sent word that they
would not accept the treaty. The fir-
st battle was in Van Zandt County
near Delaware Village. The Indians
were driven off with 18 dead Two
Texans were killed and one mortally
wounded The second battle was
north west and lasted 1>2 hours.
Bowles, wearing the Mexican of-
ficer’s hat, the sword, sash and silk
vest Houston had given him, rode up
and down the lines urging his rnen to
battle and when the forces broke, he
attempted to rally them to fight
again. His warriors fiedand Bowies
horse fell He was hit in the thigh and
Capt. Robert W. Smith shot him in
the head before John Reagan could
get to him to save his life.
Bowles was scalped and his body
was left on the battlefield. The skull
stayed on the battlefield until 1856
when it disappeared during a bar-
becue picnic on the Neches.
Capt. Smith presented Bowles’
sword to the Masonic Dxige at Hen
derson It was loaned to Col James
H. Jones during the Civil War and
returned to the lodge, where it
remained until 1890 when it was
presented to the Cherokee Nation in
Oklahoma
In other matters at the Heritage
Association meeting, a nominating
committee was appointed by
President John Ross to be composed
of Charlene Long. Betty Stovall and
Lucille O’Neill
MR. AND MRS. DOUGLAS RAY PARSONS of Rusk an- /
nounce the engagement and approaching marriage of their
daughter, Betty Gay, to Damn Lane Collins, son of Mr. and
Mrs. Lloyd Collins of Rusk, llie wedding will be Saturday, June
4 at 7:30 p.m. at Salem Missionary Baptist C hurch, f riends and
relatives arc invited to attend.
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The Alto Herald and The Wells News 'N Views (Alto, Tex.), Vol. 92, No. 49, Ed. 1 Thursday, April 14, 1988, newspaper, April 14, 1988; Alto, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth1097914/m1/4/: accessed June 28, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu.; crediting Stella Hill Memorial Library.