The Fairfield Recorder (Fairfield, Tex.), Vol. 42, No. 17, Ed. 1 Friday, February 22, 1918 Page: 3 of 8
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ENGINES MADE FOR RUSSIA WORK FOR U. S. A.
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Marked with the Insignia of ihe government railway*. engines untile for liussia, which have not been shipped be-
cause of the uncertainty of the situation there, are doing duty “somewhere In New Jersey” hauling long lines of coal
cars to plnces where the fuel is greatly needed. The tender is marked U. S. A-, and the engine Is one of the many uuw
owned by the government uud being OSW to relieve the coal situation.
Take Up Study of Navigation
i
Revival of Seagoing Spirit
Arouses Widespread Inter-
est in the Subject.
SCHOOLS TEACH THE SCIENCE
lasses la Navigation Being Conducted
by Recruiting Service of United
Statea Shipping Board—12,000
New Officers Needed.
Washington.—One of the interesting.
ftataret Of the present great rovlvqyu
! #1111
equator and the poles—to pass under
a certain fixed point In the heu.veus at
one-hour intervals.
For determining longitude all chro-
nometers used on American and Brit-
ish ships are set on the time at the
meridian of Greenwich observatory,
near London. French ships figure
from the meridian of Paris.
Knowing by his
time at Greenwich, and by observation
of the sun at 8 a. m. or 4 p. m. his own
time, the mariner, by the aid of tables,
has only to And the difference in these
two times, to find his distance In de-
grees from Greenwich. Tljls found,
the distance is easily expressed In
miles, und marks his position on his
chart.
seagoing spirit throughout the . _ . . „
study of navigation.
Reports reaching the United States
shipping board Indicate lively Interest
all over the country In the study of
this ancient science, which helped
make the nation great in its earliest
years of independence.
Classes in navigation, conducted by
the recruiting servicepf the board, to
train officers for the ships of the new
merchant marine, are being conducted
on both C0*st3 and OB the Greut Lakes.
Candidates for admission come from
every section of the Union.
The cause of this nation-wide inter-
est In navigation is to be fouud lu the
gigautic development of the country’s
merchant marine. It is anticipated
that not lea? than 12,000 new officers
will be required to handle the Ameri-
can cargo-currying vessels now under
construction, and not leas than 85,000
=£= waWtwl *wr the crews.
A merchant officer today has many
advantages in studying navigation that
were not known to his seagoing ances-
tors. There was never a time when
the aids to navigation were so numer-
ous as now, or so well developed.
While the manner In which a navi-
gator determines his ship's position on
the vast face of the deep must always
be something of a mystery to the lahds-
man, It does not long remain so to the
earnest student of navlgstlon. Some
of the students at shipping board
schools have been able, after three
weeks’ study, to determine by obser-
vation the position of a ship at sea
within three miles, which is considered
■ creditable performance. The best
navigators, on large ships, when able
to check up their observations by the
work "of more than one observer, some-
times do no better.
Early Navigation.
lu the curly days of ocean naviga-
tion the navigator never knew his po-
sition at sea within many leagues. It
was customary for ships on the voy-
age from Europe to America to sail
westerly until a landfall was made,
then coast to their destination.
Columbus followed this method, for
want of anything better.
Given sextant and chronometer, the
navigator today reduces the Job. of
finding bra position to one of
figuring. Latitude la found by obser-
vation of the height, or altitude, of the
sun at noon.
Longitude Is quite another thing. It
being the distance between two plnces
on the earth’s surface, expressed In
degrees. It Is baaed on the rotation
of the earth on Its axis every 24 honrs.
the chro-
nometer, the common method of deter-
mining longitude was by “dead reckon-
ing,’’ that Is, estimating a ship’s run
day by day. by means of the log. a de-
vice for telling her speed by means of
thefnte nt which knots In a line, paid
out astern, with a wooden “log” at the
end, sllpi>ed over Ihe rail In a given
number of seconds. This was uncer-
tain, nnd bn filing winds and foul
weather made It entirely unreliable.
Many fatal shipwrecks resulted from
mistakes In estimating a ship’s position
by dead reckoning. England lost sev>
era! of her best ships of war in ths
eighteenth nentney by the!- '.String
their bearings and crashing upon a
rocky shore. One of Its bravest nd-
mirats. Sir Cloudeeley Shovel, lost his
Mfe ?n a VCTCCt t.uDnl >u uum way, 31
The world owes much in navigation
to the Portuguese, as It was Prince
Henry the Navigator of that nation,
who collated all the ancient lore on
the subject, in the fifteenth century,
and pointed the way to better means
of determining latitude than by the an-
cient astrolabe and cross staff.
The sextant and chronometer were
both of English origin, however, and
were brought out within five years of
each other, the sextant In 1731 and the
chronometer—an Improved clock—In
1735. Modern navigation, such as so
many Americans are studying today,
may be said to date from the perfec-
tion of these two, instruments.
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W r’ Hi i?1!#-Ft1 ■iiA*1'1 •!'.....
Problem,
IftarfT VDprofj’TZ -y&wa
m
bom;on
Aviator Dodges Huns 72 Days
Lieut. Pat. O’Brien of Illinois
Tells of Wild Adventures in
Germany.
JUMPS FROM MOVING TRAIN
American Strategy Triumphs Over
German Efficiency—One of His
Hardest Stunts Was Swimming
River Meuse.
causing meridians 15 degrees apart a guard gave me *u ugly look. I knew
meridian being a
line
between
t
Chicago.—Pat O’Brien of Momence,
111., Is back from the fighting front.
In the British flying corps the young
man from Momence Is known as Llent
Patrick Alva O’Brien. Jle is famous
for several reasons. IBs real story be-
gun when he made a descent of nearly
two miles In his airplane after a Ger-
man bulfdt in the face had rendered
him unconscious. The fall cost him a
bump on the head.
He Jumped out of the window of a
moving train on his way to a German
prison camp, and escaped. Then'"he
spent 72 days In getting to Holland, a
distance of 250 miles as the airplane
files. And the story ends with one of
the longest interviews with a king on
record—52 minutes by the royal stop-
watch.
Many times during those 72 nights of
travel through Germany. Luxemburg,
strategy triumphed over German effi-
ciency.
“Usually,” said Lieutenant O’Brien,
“when a bunch of fellows get together,
they talk about women. But In our
first prison. In {Handers, we talked
only about escape and food, and got
Very little of either. There were eight
ng to an Interior prison
camp, and a guard with a rifle for ev-
ery two prisoners.
Leapt From Train.
“We rode all' day and all night.
Twice I put up the window to jump
and lost my nerve. It looked too much
like sudden death. As I put It up
again, about four In the morning, the
It was then or never and dove out.
“For nearly a month afterward I
thought my left eye was gone. The
scars are there yet. By the time the
train atopped. a half-mile on. jor more,
I was up and stumbled to a biding
place. Those Germans looked every-
where—on the aide of the tracks to
ward the border. I was In the oppo-
site direction. _
“It was a month before I mt rfd a*
my English uniform. I stole a pair of
overalls one night I got a cap the
next and a shirt later. A Belgian gave
me a scarf. That was all the help I
got"
As an appetiser Lieutenant O'Brien
ate turnip. The entree was sngar beet,
and the meal closed with a cabbage
stump that even thq^Germans scorned.
“And I never did like vegetables,"
be said. “I hope I never have to eat
another."
One night a German soldier saw him
swimming a river, and raised the
alarm.
“I felt sure they would be on top of
me In a few minutes,” he said, “so I
ran upstream and swam back to the
other side. 1 knew the ways of the
Hnn pretty well by then. They looked
everywhere on the other side, but not a
German came near me.
“One of the hardest things I did
7
HE one hundred and elglity-
sixlh anniversary of the
birth of George Washington
reminds one of many things,
nnd among them the fact that
ifie cost of living wns on eco-
nomical problem in Washing-
ton's day, as It Is now. Fur-
ther, the first president set .nit^ex-
ample which is being followed todny
In some sections of the country with
all the acclnliu of something new. The
markets which arq being opened for the
purpose of bringing the farm products
to the consumer, to the exclusion of
the middleman, are by no means n
that place soon reached his enra. To
a rann of his character, With too much
spirit to follow a bad example when he
had the power to set a good one, and
too much wit to look for happiness
anywhere but In his own bosom. It
could not long be questionable what
part he had to act.
“A market cart was Instantly con-
structed and regularly three times a
week sent off to Belle Haven filled
with nice roasters. Kidney-covered
lamb nnd veal, green geese, fat ducks
nnd gobblers, chickens by the basket,
fresh butter, new-laid eggs, vegetables
nnd fruit of all sorts. Country gen-
tweriUeUi century indention. Most - dining with their friend; !n
people don't know that George Wash-
ington essnjed truck gardening nnd
the maintenance of a nmrket wagon,
to the no amnll blessing but the so-
rlnl dismay, of some Alexandrians, but
It is a fact.
We read so much of the “groaning
board,” steaming Joints of luscious
fare of all sorts In the days of colo-
nial plenty, that we think the period
a time of feustlng and unlimited abun-
dance, and recall but few of the hard-
ships, of which there were many. It
was to provide variety and to make
his neighbors more satisfied with their
lot that Washington sent hts market
wagon Just once In so often to Alex-
andria loaded with the products of
the farmyard and the field of Mount
Vernon. History does not tell us
whether Washington reached the
hearts of his associates more speedily
by the short route of their stomachs.
t0 "T1™ ttM* MmUe rtYr 1 h<M! bat there Is no doubt that his wise
•H Sir clothes on, vo my boots, and
the river was half n mile across. It
nearly got me twenty-flve feet from
-bora, I was choking, and I admit
praying.
“When I got up the bank I fainted.
It was the only time I ever fainted.”
Llentenant O’Brien eoufd not speak
German. As a boy. a Momence hakef
of Teuton origin taught him a phrase
of German, but he did not know what
It meant. It was some “ten lifetimes"
after swimming the Meuse he found
the nine-foot death fence of the Hol-
land frontier. Death all but got him
then, as hla Improvised ladder dropped
him on the charged wire*.
“A few minntes later,” he said, “I
eonld have tripped the guard with my
ladder. After he had gone I dng—dug
as I never dug before in jay »#£_ Uy
Dack was half an inch from death when
1 crawled under and Into Holland ”
TELLS GHASTLY TALE
Inhuman Germans Described by
Holy City Refugees.
ip-
:
Suffering Among Population of
Jerusalem After Germane
T«ok Control.
GOING OVER TOP IS
BETTER THAN FOOTBALL
wa
Ice.
Denver, Colo.-—Stories of the fright-
ful experience* suffered by residents
of Jerusalem previous to the capture
of the Holy City by British force* no-1
der Gene ral Alltmby were told here j
by MIkjs <>ll» Moinesbt'H, who. With ;
her mother, tied trow the torture in- j
nictcfi by Turkish soldiers and Ger-
man officer* there mvfcrat months ago. j
Mis* Moinestea und her mother J
wore among 300 refugee* who escaped j
from lerwna 'em while thou sands were
•Caning within the gates Of the ac j
riant euy.
“1 here was agonising
(i mmg thus vf i poiHitaikfdfei
Anniston, Ala.—Tom McClure,
former Auburn football star, de-
clares that going over the top In
France beats charging into an
opposing eleven. In a letter re-
ceived hero McClure tells of go-
ing "over the top" with the
United states engineers four
times. Me was in the thick of
the recent hostilities that result^
wl lu several American ewnial-
tles, hot declare* the game In
Franco- beats football ni, that.
tea and her mother to reach Denver
after leaving Jerusalem.
" witnessed the most heart-rend-
ing scene* white traveling through
Austria," the girl declared, "where
roads were filled with cripples and
fcod mm «> scarce mat the peasants
refused to -*»• -tit. -tr.sl! jy,rli„lm a|
fabulous prices offered by the traw.
olers.”
War Aida Bicycle Trade.
Chicago. Vf’*r has given new lire to
the bicycle, according to wheel man-
ufacturers here, and they are hnry
making bicycle* for the American and
allied armies, ehlch arc used back ef
»♦»»♦♦»♦♦♦»»»»»♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦ j Jilf .’," w' jI'T- J!”ny mnem
ws** I HIT# tWMlfljl* 1ft ««*lS *
Of that city.” sold the youthful refu- j *<*>» •* ** **,,b
gee. “Hundreds died of starvation: —.............
when food, Imported for the Inhabit-
ants of the stricken city, was sotted
by milttury authorities nod diverted
to the soldiers. Our friends fell dead
j about us like flea*. Sc....... of young
suffering girls sold their souls to the German
of Jem - - .oldlor* in return for fowl"
mlMP- aft*-- the Gemnnn took coomd-j It took ttv* niURth- for-Mis* Molrm-
Pig* Stay In City Limit*.
Piedmont, w, Va.—“Pigs 1* piga,**
nnd a* such they will be permitted t»
J thrive within the borough limit*. The
i momentous oto*stloti was decided at a
; hot special election recently, when thi
' hog won out by1*
of
forethought brought him both grati-
tude an# substantial reward.
pppji.Th* Cart Goes to Town.
Old Parson Weems, who has chatted
so glibly about life In Adexnndrln, tells
us that there wns a time there when
the town had more reason to boast of
Its beauty than Ita capacity to glad-
den the Inner man. To quote that rev-
erend chronicler:
The neighborhood of Beile Haven
(such was Alexandria’s early name)
was not a desert; on the contrary. It
wns In many places n gnrden spot
abounding with luxuries. But Its In-
habitants, the wealthy, were not wise.
By the successful culture of tobacco
they had money.' And having filled
their coach houses with gilt enr-
town very soon remarked the welcome
change in diet. ‘Bless us all!' exclaim-
ed they, ‘what’s the meaning of
this? You Invite ns to family fare
and here you have given us a lord
mayor’s feast.’ ‘Yea,’ replied the oth-
ers, ‘thank God for sending a Colonel
Washington Into our neighborhood.’
“The cat wns thus let out of the
bag, to the extreme mortification of
the ‘Little Great ones,’ that Colonel
Washington should ever have run a
market cart.”
Famous Carlyle House.
The market where Washington Bent
his farm products lay right In the
heart of Alexandria and upon a square
about which stood some of the town’s
most rtbted residences and landmarks.
Among these was the Carlyle house,
and despite the passage of time.and
the physical changes wrought In that
quaint Virginia city; this historic home
survives intact today. The Carlyle
house Is Intimately Identified with
Washington’s career and particularly
with the very Beginning of hi* mili-
tary calling.
As the story goes, the bricks for the
building were Imported and so, too. the
stone of’which It was built In 1732.
John S. Carlyle utilized for part
of the foundation a portion of
an old fort, which many years earlier
had stood guard against the Indians
for the protection of English traders
on Hunting Creek, as the place was
then known. The barracks of that ad-
vance post of civilization became the
cellar of the Carlyle house, nnd there
In Its cool shadows was stored the
mellow wine that tickled the palates
of those days. From the heavy beams
Wages nnd their dining rooms with overhead hung pendant the luacion
gilt glasses, they began to look down han»s ror which Virginia Is still note:'
houRe was filled. Washington was a
very frequent guest at the Carlyle
house and one can easily Imagine the
P“-1 2lC piskyvu in iiiut uii.ii>:>i>’h i .
bounteous hospitality and courtly
grace.
Tradition hns It that It wns In that
very houae that Washington met one
of his few defeats. On the right of
the broad hallway Is wlmt was once
a drawing room, said to hove been fin- ,
lulled originally In white and gold, and
there on muny occasions Washington
took an active part In the social fes-
tivities—lending many n fair Virgin-
ian through the stately minuet and the
less formal reel. The hallway. Itself,
If tradition be correct, has Its own
sentimental Interest, for It was at the
foot of the beautiful staircase of solid
mahogany that Washington awaited
the coming of lovely Sally Fairfax
upon a certain evening, and, while es-
corting her to the ballroom, offered
that lady his heart and wns refused.
On the opposite side of this same
hall Is the “blue nnd white room.’’
which was John Carlyle’s particular
retreat or sanctum. That room Is of’
especial interest to us as n nation, for
It was there that Washington re-
ceived his commission as a niembBr
of Oeudtfll Brnddock’s staff In 1755.
What Washington learned upon thAt
disastrous compnlgn against the In-
dians and with British soldiers taught
him much which Inter h*» put to good
service In behalf of his country.
Braddock Took Possession.
When Bm&dock arrived he accept-
ed the proffered hospitality of John
Carlyle and established headquarters
there. The little blue and white room
became the military council chamber,
and It wns .there that the plans were
made for tfi'e campaign. Washington’s
previous experience as a leader of Vir-
ginia troops against the savages made
him all the more welcome at the con-
ferences. and hla keen Judgment and
practical advice earned for him Brnd-
dock's admiration and won for him his
colonelcy upon the general’s staff.
We who count our dollars and make
our purchases In hard coin but little
realize the part the “vile weed” played
In all commercial transactions In Vir-
ginia 150 years ago. The fragrant
Oronoko tobacco had a fame which
reached to Europe, and this was the
common medium, of exchange. The
Incense of this leaf, as It were, bought
the English bricks with which old
(SHist church in Alexandria was built
In 1773. The church was designed, no
It has been said, by one James Wren,
reputed to have been a relative of the
architect of London’s famous St.
Paul’s. Washington worshiped at
Christ chnrch. History tells ns that
It was within the shadow of that sa-
cred structure, after service* one Sun-
day morning In the'summer of 1774,
that he earnestly advocated the renun- ,
elation of allegiance to the king of Eng-
land. Always deliberate and Intensely
devout, one can gather something of the
spell which his words roust have cast
upon his fellow churchmen upon that
occnalnn.
There nre many houses in Alexan-
tftetr prime
'
IS
ntarn the poorer sort and to talk about
families. Of course It would never
do for such people to run market
carts! Hence the poor Belle Haven-
that were in
» ,,<r. ________ when Washington was In their midst
Another «•••* _---- an4 closely identified with them not
Ites. though embosomed In plenty, were
often In danger of gnawing their nails.
And unless they could cater a Inmh
from some good matured ‘cracker,’ or
a leash of chickens from the Sunday
negroes, were obliged to alt down with
long faces to a lmif-grneed dinner of
Balt meat and Journey cake.
“This was the order of the day, A. D.
'59, when Washington, Just married
the plaza at Ihe rear of the house upon
which the main hallway ends. It was
there, of summer evenings, thnt the
Carlyles end their guests gn theivd, nnd
It was there the men discussed the
problems of the hour over a heart-
some glass amid the soothing smoke of
the fragrant Oronoko. Then, the gar-
dens ran down to the river’s hsnk nnd
overlooked Ihe dock* at which the
trading craft wera moored-—vessels
that onine from over the seas to bar-
ter the silks and riches of Ihe far
only socially but officially Intermit-
tently during hla youth and jnat prior
to his death.
CURIOUS CONDENSATIONS
IW, WIip*n vvttC»uiUKiuu-t mnrrinj ( in nr """" ■•**•*;« *** uh> *•*»
to the wealthy young widow cSSlMM Hast. the products of Europe, and the
had settled at Mount Vernon, nine
mile* below Belle Haven. The un-
pleasant situation of the families at
I tropic
In roll
abundance of the West Indie*
in return for the famous tobacco with
, which Alexandria’s one great wnre-
Dldn’t Seem Po»»lble. to save the cake for refreshment, none
Reference In the UiU* of « forthcoming f... Johnny, ror a ; W8n| ,hf>
fngton Club w as made to the keen wits Patiently waited, and
of the rising generation whan this then rose to go.
story was contributed by Uepreacnta- "I really believe, grandma." he re-
five Joseph H. Thompson of Ok)HUo- marked, os he picket! up tit* hat. "that
____ I smell c»ro»nut cake.”
llTtt .
There was a little boy who used to Tim broad him wns fruitful, hut not
call at the home of hi* grandma every abundantly so. Going to the kite him
Saturday afternoon., and as « rew<»fd I grandlilA cut him off siuali sue*,
for his constancy br was :i*ways given i “I thought so,” commented Johnny,
R gilc# of eufoannl rake, ' *a be took the dainty, "hut doesn’t H
On« lift e moon, however, grandma I *netn strange, gmandJbM. that I con id
w«w» sjq.jeefetil «jimi|i«l»F. and wtriMoff j smell so k « very malt pieceT"
Florida contain* about 4,000,000
acre* of land waiting m b* reclaimed
by proper drainage. Contract* for
draining almost the entire Everglade
region have been made.
A dog In Hennlfler, N. H.. In pursu-
ing a hedgehog, climbed Sras;
to limb of a tree to a height of 40 feet.
It took the help of three boya to get
him down.
A compass invented In France for
aviators show* the devtiillow from any
scf oo’tr-e Jr* r.ddltlos to psl^’tSS"
• li.. at am* It
A two-wheeled trailer vrith a memo
j Ity of a ton of coal nnd which can ha
hnnlod behind a runabout automobile
has been Invented.
i An electrical device 'of Htrsjpesvn .!«-
ventloTi to enable a moving tram t<- oH
a 'signal mhke*i; use of a ■•tight Making
of ft rati •• a train pn•«;**"Over ti
I"-* ,The ttMt of the tuaga-'ilff t>ol|*y tor,-.
tooti particle* of cerfam toetahf fr'iiu
norrvurSheftr mat'. ’.'Hi In l»Wk ex*
j fcHitf-d? to' 31 dlfr,"'Old Industrieti,
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Kirgan, Lee. The Fairfield Recorder (Fairfield, Tex.), Vol. 42, No. 17, Ed. 1 Friday, February 22, 1918, newspaper, February 22, 1918; Fairfield, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth1109348/m1/3/: accessed July 10, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu.; crediting Fairfield Library.