Drilling Apparatus Page: 5 of 9
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1,302,058
bearings 11 and 12, while the enlargement 10
is provided with a pair of recesses for car-
rying the Journals of the conical reaming
drums 13, 14. Two of these drums are illus-
5 treated, although any desired number may
be employed.
Tle druIs 13-14 are similar, and each
comprises a hollow shaft 15, a plurality of
flat disks 16 each keyed to the shaft so that
10 they all rotate together, and a plurality of
cutters 17 clamped between the various
disks. The upper end of each shaft is pro-
vided with a plurality of ribs 18 which are
engaged by the thrust bearings 11 and 12,
15 so that the thrust in both directions is taken
at these bearings. The lower end of the
shaft is provided with a brass 19 rotating in
the babbitt 20, and a clamping action upon
the disks carried by the shaft is secured by
20 means of the nut 21 threaded upon the shaft
and locked in position by means of the lock
nut 22.
The axes of the drums are inclined at a
relatively small angle with respect to the
25 axis of rotation of the frame, and the angle
of divergence between the sides of the cones
is also made relatively small in order that
the angle A (Fig. 1) which the side of the
cone makes with the vertical is less than the
30 angle B which the side makes with the hori-
zontal. By makinrr the angle A less than the
angle B a pronounced wedging action of the
drums in the earth being cut is secured, so
that a much-more vigorous abrading or cut-
35 ting action is secIure(d than is the case where
the line of inclination of the outside of the
cone approaches the horizontal, as in prior
constructions. Another advantage incident
to this arrangement results from the fact that
40 more cutters can be used, due to the length
of the cones. Where a larger number of cut-
ters are employed the wear upon each cutter
is reduced, and as a result the apparatus can
be made to generate a much greater distance
45 into the earth without removal for replace-
ment of the cutters than is the case where the
sides of the cones approach the horizontal
and work at substantially the bottom of the
cavity being cut instead of upon the side
60 thereof. The cutting drum of conical form
also has the further advantage over a drum
of cylindrical form, in that the cutters wear
more uniformly. With drums of cylindri-
cal form, there is a tendency of the teeth
55 upon certain portions of the drums to drag
through the material, while with a conical
drum the amount of material passed over
by each part of the drum is proportional
to its speed of rotation, so that the action
60 of all the teeth is purely a crushing or roll-
ing action instead of a shearing action. By
reference to Fig. 1, it will be noted that
the plane of the cutters of the drum 13 is
different from that of the cutters of the
65 drum 14. which arrangement tends to securea more effective abrasion of the surface upon
which the cutters act. than is the case where
all of the cutters lie in the same position.
In order to present a wedging or clogging
action of the imaterial cut by the drums, with 70
respect to the framework of the machine,
the guards or shields 23 shown in Fig. 4 are
emlployed. lThese shields follow the curva-
ture of the drums and prevent material from
wedging between the drums and the frame- 75
work, which action would tend to stall the
machine. The shields are placed relatively
close to the drums so that any particles of
material which pass between the drums and
the shields can be carried clear around by the 80
dr1IIs without clogging. In order to steady
the lower portion of the machine against lat-
eral movement the projecting members 24
also shown in Fig. 4 are provided. These
members project out to a point about the 85
same distance from the center of rotation of
the frame as the outer sections of the drums,
so that the framework is held against move-
ment in all directions. The necessity for
members of this kind is of course reduced 90
where the number drums is increased.
The construction of the disks 16 and cut-
ters 17 will be readily understood by refer-
ence to Figs. 2 and 3. The face of the disk
16 is provided with a plurality of radial re- 95
cesses in which the cutters 17 fit. The faces
of the cutters are provided with transverse
grooves 25, and when the-cutters are in posi-
tion these grooves are all in alinement and
adapted to be engaged by a rib on the face of 100
the next disk, such rib corresponding to the
rib 26 on the Under face of the disk shown in
Fig. 3. The cutters are thus held securely
against movement in all directions, without
the use of screws or additional fastening 105
means, and cannot be removed until the
drums are disassembled. I have found that
separate teeth or cutters of this kind give a
better abrading action than is the case where
continuous circular cutting disks are em- 110
ployed, and also that the surface acted upon
is more uniformly and smoothly cut down,
as the employment of continuous cutting
disks such for instance as illustrated in Fig.
8 tend to cut steps or grooves in the face of 115
the material, thus giving an uneven surface.
Cutters which become worn and too short
for use in the upper portions of the drum
may be advantageously used when placed a
step lower down in the drum. 120
As indicated in Fig. 2, the opening 27
through the disk is provided with a key way
28 so that the disks will turn with the shaft
upon which they are mounted, and it will be
further noted that the opening 27 is eccentric 125
with respect to the outer edge of the disk.
When the disks are assembled a drum is se-
cured which is eccentric with respect to the
axis of rotation. This arrangement gives a
more rapid reducing action than is the case 1302
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Layne, Mahlon E. Drilling Apparatus, patent, April 29, 1919; [Washington D.C.]. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth1257344/m1/5/: accessed June 28, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu.; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.