Investigation and Improvement of American Grapes at the Munson Experiment Grounds Near Denison, Texas, From 1876 to 1900 Page: 254
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TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS.
and the Winona a little superior to the parent. Neither Concord nor
Norton have ever produced pure, red seedlings. The tendency to white
or albino varieties in them when united, as in the Gold Coin, completely
dominates the color in all its pure seedlings, and these seedlings are all sl
much more feeble in growth than the black varieties, resulting from V
hybridizing Concord and Norton. Many other examples following the g
same course can be produced, but these are considered sufficient illustra- cl
tion of the general law, that to produce white varieties surely, cross or cl
hybridize white varieties. To avoid or overcome the element of weak
growth in white varieties, only the most vigorous of this color should be b
used for parents. 0
'This consideration of producing white varieties has been specially ampli- o
fied, because the writer was once told by an eminent hybridizer of grapes v
that he thought that white grapes could be produced as readily out 'of c
black varieties as out of white, and cited Empire State as an example,
said to be a hybrid of Hartford and Clinton, two black varieties. But the
botanical characters in Empire State do not show the least bit of Clinton,
but plainly some light wooded TVinif era, or Labrusca x T'inif era hybrid,
proving clearly an error in the supposed parentage.
In my work with red (See Lindley, Delaware and Delago families, in
Chapter IV.) and black varieties (See America, Concord and other fam-
ilie.s of black grapes, Chapter IV.), there is abundant proof that the same
law holds good as with white varieties, that "like produces like," the com-
monly accepted rule, as to reproduction in nature, yet in this matter of
white and red varieties occasionally coming out of black varieties, as they
surely do, from some occult cause not fully understood, we must admit
that the law is not absolute, but has occasional exceptions.
BREEDING FOR SPECIAL SEASON.
It has likewise been found generally true, yet with occasional excep-
tions, that early ripening parents produce early ripening progeny. Where
there is much variation from this rule in pure seedlings of a variety as in
Concord, in which the majority are early or medium, as Moore's Early,
Worden, etc., while rarely like Miner's Victoria, some of its seedlings are
very late; or as in Jaeger's No. 70, and America, a combination of Rupes-
tris, a very early species, and Jaeger's No. 43, a very late variety of Lin-
cecumnii, a late species, the progeny ripen all along from early to late. It
would seem that such varieties, the progeny of which vary much in season
and other characteristics, contain different specific blood in their make up.
The latest introduced variety produced by the writer is the Marguerite, a
hybrid of a very late Post-Oak grape with Herbemont, a very late variety;
and a much later kind still is the Winterwine, a hybrid of V. Simpsoni
with Marguerite, both very late, Simpsoni being latest. Little or nothing
could be gained by uniting very early with very late kinds.
Generally season of leafinm, flowering and ripening belong to species, as
the table of cultural characters in Chapter I. shows.254
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Munson, T. V. (Thomas Volney), 1843-1913. Investigation and Improvement of American Grapes at the Munson Experiment Grounds Near Denison, Texas, From 1876 to 1900, pamphlet, 1900; (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth1353064/m1/75/: accessed June 27, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu.; crediting Grayson College Foundation.