The Labor Dispatch (Galveston, Tex.), Vol. 4, No. 18, Ed. 1 Friday, October 30, 1914 Page: 1 of 12
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GALVESTON,TEXAS, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 30, 1914
NUMBER 18
VOLUME IV
PRESIDENT GIVES VIEWS
LABORSUPPORTS TOILERS REFUSE TO PAY $3.45
MRS. D.LUCAS PRESIDENT MOST EFFECTIVE OF ALL
were
Presi-
to
any
A
Loyal Trade Unionists Stay Away
From Grand Until Such Time as
Management Uses Union Men
and Makes House Union.
one charged with indirect contempt
(disobeying the order of the court,
outside the presence of the court).
ed and a full quota of officers
elected for the first term.
The officers elected were: ]
EDITOR SAYS STREET CAR MEN
HAVE STRONGEST UNION
OF KIND IN WORLD.
St. Louis, Mo., Oct. 29.—Meat cut-
ters in this city have selected a large
section of the city and purpose de-
voting their energies to unionizing
every butcher shop in this district.
International President Hart of the
Butcher Workmen of America is as-
sisting in this work.
assemble in a peaceful manner
discuss their grievances.
Jury trials are provided for
In Letter to Representative Under-
wood President Shows Deep Feel-
ing for Labor Man—Labor No
Longer a Commodity.
Market Gardeners Go Into High Cost
of Living Most Thoroughly.
MANAGER SASSEEN REFUSES
TO GIVE STAGE EMPLOYES
WEEKLY PAY DAY.
theaters of the circuit have signed
an agreement with the Stage Em-
CARPENTERS AUXILIARY PER-
FECTED ORGANIZATION
LAST TUESDAY.
Death Rate Decreased Perceptibly
in 1913, Say Statistics, With
Present Rate Low.
BANKERS
Unincorporated
County Commissioners Award Bid
for Improvement to Court of
Appeals Building.
Another Firm in Stockton With-
draws From New League.
GRAND IS STILL
UNFAIR THEATER
When Convention Meets in Novem-
ber a Feature Will Be the Gigan -
tic Parade at Night.
No Meeting Date Yet Definitely
Settled, but Members Will Be
Notified and a Regular
Date Set.
This Strong Praise of the Street Car
Employes Came After an Inves-
tigation in Which Author Was
Interested.
St. Louis Cutters Devote Time ti
Organizing the Workers.
LADIES ELECT
ALL OFFICERS
ARE CHILDREN WORTH
AS MUCH AS COTTON
OWNERS USING
PACK OF LIES
WILSON SIGNS
CLAYTON BILL
STRONG UNION
GETS PRAISED
QUARRY LABOR NOW
NOT SO DANGEROUS
WOULD REDUCE THE
COUNTY EXPENSES
Will Submit All Disputes to an In-
ternational Committee.
----------o-----------
THE COST OF LIVING.
------------o-----------
RUSSIAN TREATY SIGNED.
-------------o-------------
ACKNOWLEDGE MISTAKE.
ly performance basis for their con-
tracts as are sought by the local
workers.
The entire pay roll for stage em-
ployes for the Grand Opera House
on this weekly basis would amount
to only $103 per week, and that is
for furnishing the six rnen that are
necessary to handle the plays and
productions coming to the Grand.
Were the stage employes to accept
the performance basis of pay their
pay for the season when averaged
up would only amount to one-half
what it does under the weekly basis.
With the weekly pay for six men
only $103, the average pay for these
six men would be a total of $51
per week for the entire season, and
they can not afford to work for that
amount of money.
The Weis management has in all
fifteen theaters on its entire circuit.
The Grand here is unfair, but the
------------o---
FAVORS FREE TEXT BOOKS.
LABOR UNONS SECURE EXEMP-
TION FROM ANTI-TRUST
LAWS OF U. S.
the unitiated-it might be well to ex-
plain that every mining property af-
fected by the strike is surrounded by
a stockade guarded by imported gun-
men and that it is not only impos-
sible for the strikers to go on com-
pany property to continue patron-
izing the company store, but the con-
gressional investigation showed that
the union men were not even allow-
ed to go to the inclosed United
States postoffices for their mail.
A. F. of L. News Service.
Logansport, Ind., Oct. 29.—The
state convention of the Indiana
Equal Suffrage Association adopted
resolutions demanding that the next
session of the state legislature
amend the factory inspection laws by
the appointment of two women fac-
tory inspectors in addition to the
present force of men inspectors, am
also enact the free text book law for
public schools. The convention also
favored pensions for mothers, and
appointed a committee of three to
make a thorough investigation of the
subject, with a view of obtaining the
most practical measure.
--------------------o--------------:------
RAISE LABORERS’ WAGES.
Organization of the Ladies’ Aux-
iliary to Carpenters Local 526 was
perfected Tuesday afternoon of this
week, when their first regular
meeting was had since inception ol
the new auxiliary. At this meeting
permanent organization was perfect-
MINE OPERATORS SEEK TO
KEEP BACK TRUTH IN USE
OF PRINTED MATTER.
Washington, Oct. 29.—According
to a report issued by the United
States bureau of mines, the number
of men killed in and about quarries
Claimed in Circulars and Press
Stories That They Paid $5 a Day
for Workers, but They Refused
Demand for Only $3.45.
for Industrial Freedom” would cer-
tainly discourage Diogenes if he had
any intention of coming to Colorado
to look for an honest man among the
coal mine owners;
Thorough investigations made by
such representative national week-
lies as Colliers and Harpers, Every-
body’s Magazine, the Outlook and
others, puts the lie to the operators
opening statement that before Au-
gust, 1913, "conditions in the min-
Philadelphia, Pa., Oct. 29.—The lo-
cal committee of unionists arrang-
ing for the American Federation of
Labor convention, to be held in this
city next month, announce that a
monster night parade, in honor of
the event, will be held Friday, Nov.
13. It is believed 60,000 working-
men and women will be in line, as
over 15,000 have already signified
their intention to take part.
Another feature of the convention
will be a label exhibit which will cov-
er more than 25,000 square feet of
floor space in the large convention
hall. The products of the country’s
best known manufacturers will be
shown at this time.
Unexpected results have followed
the activities of the “labor forward”
movement, and new unions and in-
creased membership lists of estab
lished organizations are everywhere
reported.
Philadelphia, Pa., Oct. 29.—At a
meeting of market garderers from
twenty different states it was an-
nounced that, in the opinion of those
present, the high cost of living is
due, in a large measure, to bungling
methods of distribution of vege-
tables after they leave the farms.
An owner of a 225-acre truck farm
said he is glad to receive %c a head
for lettuce which he found retailing
at 5c to 10c a head. Other men in
the party told of similar experiences
with their produce.
An effort is being made by mem-
bers of the association to work out
a plan whereby they can ship their
produce direct to large central mar-
kets, where they can sell their veg-
etables at prices that will be fair to
themselves and their customers.
These markets, to be under control
of the municipality, it was sug-
gested, could be located in various
parts of the city. Shipments could
be made direct from the markets.
ecial Correspondence
Denver, Colo., Oct. 29.—The Colo-
i ado operators apparently will never
reach a climax in their absurd cam-
paign of lies and exaggeration, but
their latest effort, entitled “Facts
PRESIDENT WILSON’S VIEWS
ON THE LABOR EXEMPTION
CLAUSE OF CLAYTON BILL.
In a letter to Representative Un-
derwood, Oct. 17:
“Incidentally, justice has been
done he laborer. His labor is no
longer to be treated as if it were
merely an inanimate object of com-
merce, disconnected from the for-
tunes and happiness of a living, hu-
man being, to be dealt with as an
object of sale and barter. But that,
great as it is, is hardly more than
the natural and inevitable corollary
of a law whose object is individual
freedom and iniative as against
any kind of private domination.”
Suffragettes in Convention Go or.
Record for Free Books.
A. F. of L. News Service.
Minneapolis, Minn., Oct. 29.—
President E. G. Hall of the Minne-
sota State Federation of Labor, on
a trip through the northern part of
the state, reports exceptional suc-
cess in the formation of new organ-
izations. Seven new unions have
been organized, all with a good men-
bership. President Hall also asserts
that the prospects for further or-
ganization are exceedingly bright.
other fourteen have agreed with
the stage employes and are working
union men at fair wages.
The stage employes who have
been locked out at the local theater
are conducting themselves in a most
gentlemanly manner. Their pickets
have been placed near the entrance
and hand out cards to the passing
public, advising the people that this
theater is not fair to organized labor
of Galveston. These pickets merely
pass out the cards, answer questions
or explain when asked to do so, and
no evidences of rowdyism have been
seen since the beginning of the
lockout.
The secretary of I. A. T. S. E.
Local No. 65, L. C. Thompson, has
sent out to the secretaries of the
other unions of the city a notice
calling attention to the fact that the
Grand is on the unfair list of organ-
ized labor and asking members and
their friends to give their patronage
to the fair theaters and playhouses
of the city.
Members of labor and their
friends generally are giving loyal
support to the stage employes in
this grievance and lockout, remain-
ing away from the Grand until such
a time as the management sees fit
to give the stage employes a con-
tract that offers them fair pay for
their work, and by so doing is again
placed on organized labor’s fair list
in this city.
This does not apply to offenses com-
mitted in the presence of the court—
indecorum, disrespect, disorderly
conduct, etc.
The law applies to all federal
courts, and is intended to put an end
to injunction orders of the Judge
Dayton kind, where workers have
been enjoined from attempting to
organize nonunionists without the
consent of employers.
The declaration that the labor
power of a human being is not a
commodity means that henceforth
new ideals will be the rule in the
treatment of workers by legislative
and judicial bodies, for with the tak-
ing of labor from the' “commodity
class” the human element will be
paramount, and the repeated declara-
tions of the American Federation of
Labor regarding ther ights of man
made possible.
. , ing fields, except in a comparative-
ployes, giving them the same week- .y small district immediately north
A. F. of L. News Service.
Chicago, Ill., Oct. 29.—No country
in the world has a stronger and more
effective organization of street car
men than the Amalgamated Associa-
tion of Street and Electric Railway
Employes of America, declares Edi-
tor L. D. Bland of the Union Leader,
official journal of the electric em-
ployes of Chicago, in a leading ar-
ticle in that paper.
Editor Bland, together with
President Mahon of the street car
men were appointed a commission
by the A. F. of L. executive coun-
cil to investigate the question of
European municipal ownership, foi-
lowing a resolution by the last A.
F. of L. convention, and have recent-
ly returned from their trip abroad.
The commission, naturally, de-
clines to make public their views on
municipal ownership, until same are
submitted through the American
Federation of Labor, but the trip
has made Editor Bland enthusiastic
over the work being accomplished by
his union, and he writes as follows:
“THE AMALGAMATED ASSOCIA-
TION LEADS THEM ALL.”
“In no country in the world has
the organization of electric railway
employes developed to the extent
that it has in this country.
“In no other country in the world
can the unions of electric railway
employes be compared with the va-
rious local divisions of the Amalga-
mated Association.
“These are strong statements buv
true in every respect.
“They are based upon personal
observations in the leading cities of
Continental Europe and Great Brit-
ain.
“In no country in Continental Eu-
rope or Great Britain among the
electric railway employes is there a
near approach to the thoroughness
of organization that is manifested in
our amalgamated locals in American
and Canadian cities.
“In no country in the world has
the electric railway employe tne
freedom that is enjoyed by the men
of our craft on the American con-
tinent wherever the amalgamated
membership exists.
“The Amalgamated Association as
a force for freedom—of thought, of
expression, of action—towers so far
above the organizations of electric
railway .employes of Continental Eu-
rope and Great Britain that no com-
parison is possible.
“Whether it be a municipally own-
ed and operated system, a municipal-
ly owned and privately operated
system, or privately owned and op-
erated system across the water,
there is none that can present the
advanced conditions for employes on
the whole that are everywhere in evi-
dence in this country wherever the
Amalgamated Association has plant-
ed its banner.
“These conclusions are based upon
observation and investigation in Eu-
rope during a normal period, prior
to the inception of the terrible con-
flict that is now raging where au-
tocracy maddens and misery results
to millions.
“Nowhere on the civilized glove
has there been an organization of
electric railway employes establish-
ed that has achieved so much, or
brought the genuine comforts of the
individual worker, and for the im-
provement of the home surround-
ings, as the Amalgamated Associa-
tion has on the continent of
America.”
A. F. of L. News Service.
Washington, Oct. 24.—President
Wilson signed the Clayton anti-trust
bill, with''the labor sections intact,
on Thursday, Oct. 15, and presented
the pen to President Gompers.
The Clayton bill is now a law, and
marks the beginning of a new epoch,
because of the following amendment,
introduced by Senator Cummins, and
which is destined to become historic.
“The labor of a human seing is no.
a commodity or article of com-
merce.”
The labor sections contained in the
bill are substitutes for the Bartlett-
Bacon bill, which made no mention
of jury trials in alleged indirect con-
tempts, which is fully covered in the
new act. The Clayton bill provides
for the exemption of trade unions
from trust classification in the fol-
lowing manner:
“That the labor of a human being
is not a commodity or article of
commerce. Nothing contained in the
anti-trust laws shall be construed to
forbid the existence and operation of
labor, agricultural, or horticultural
organizations, instituted for the pur-
pose of mutual help, and not having-
capital stock or conducted for prof-
it, or to forbid or restrain individual
members of such organizations from
lawfully carrying out the legitimate
objects thereof; nor shall such or-
ganizations or the members thereof,
be held or construed to be illegal
combinations or conspiracies in re-
straint of trade, under the anti-
trust laws.”
The sections regulating injunc-
tions provide that no federal court
can issue a restraining order in any
labor dispute unless necessary to
prevent irreparable injury to prop-
erty, or to a property right, for
which there is no adequate remedy
at law, and such property or prop-
erty right must be described “with
particularity” and sworn to in the
application for a writ.
No injunction can be issued for the
following reasons:
To prohibit any person or persons,
whether singly or in concert, from
ceasing work or urging other so to
do.
To prohibit any person or persons
from “attending at any place where
any such person or persons may
lawfully be, for the purpose of
peacefully obtaining or communicat-
ing information, or from peacefully
persuading any person to work or to
abstain from working.”
To prohibit any person from
withholding their patronage from
any party to a labor dispute, or
“from recommending, advising or
persuading others by peaceful and
lawful means so to do.”
To prohibit the payment of strike
benefits or “other moneys or things
of value” to persons engaged in la-
bor disputes.
To prohibit peaceful assembling
in a lawful manner and for lawful
purposes.
To prohibit any act which might
be lawfully done if no strike existed.
It is further provided that none of
the acts specified above shall be
“considered or held to be violations
of any law of the United States.”
Under this section, strikers are
allowed to do peaceful picketing, to
urge other workmen to join them, to
urge withholding of patronage from
those parties to the dispute, and to
men employed in the quarry indus-
try was 106,278, and the death rate
per 1,000 employed was 1.72, as com-
pared with 1.88 during 1912. The
number of men killjd in 1912 was
213, the figures for 1913 showing a
decrease of thirty deaths, or 14 per
cent.
The figures show that the princi-
pal hazards of quarrying appear to
be equally divided between explo-
sives, falls of quarry material, and
haulage. Accidents from these
causes represent nearly two-thirds
of the fatalities. Albert H. Fay,
engineer of the bureau, who com-
plied the statistics, makes the state-
ment that in France the fatality
rate for quarry accidents is seraom
more than one in every 1,000 em-
ployed, and in the year 1912 was
even less than one. In Great
Britain, for the ten years—1895 to
1904—the rate was 1.09 for every
1,00 men employed.
“The higher death rate in the
quarries of the United States prob-
ably results from less stringent
regulation and less systematic in-
spection,” says Mr. Fay. “The -work-
ers have ample light and air and are
not exposed to the risk of roof falls;
hence the fatality rate should be
lower than in underground mining
for coal or metals. Yet the fatali-
ty rate in open quarries in the
United States is even higher tnan in
many of the coal or metal mines
of foreign countries.”
The Grand Opera House, through
its manager, Chas. E. Sasseen, is
still exhibiting an extremely unfair
attitude toward organized labor of
this city by refusing to give mem-
bers of the Theatrical Stage Em-
ployes a contract on the weekly
basis, the same as has been done in
the other larger cities of Texas.
The Grand Opera House of this
city is the only theater of the Al-
bert Weis Theatrical Circuit Com-
pany in Texas that is not using
union labor and that is not fair to
organized labor. All of the other
dent, Mrs. Dave Lucas; vice presi-
dent, Mrs. Wilbur Stewart; record-
ing secretary, Mrs. B. Velton, finan-
cial secretary, Mrs. Mynne Schroed-
er; reading clerk, Mrs. E. W. Bock,
treasurer, Mrs. J. J. Schmidt; con
ductor, Mrs. A. Appffel; warden,
Mrs. A. B. Norris; board of trus-
tees, Mesdames A. B. Campbell and
R. Kelly and Miss M. Devlin; audi-
tors, Mesdames W. B. Butler, R.
Schmuck, Mrs. Hugh Devlin.
In elections for most of the offices
there were very interesting contests,
some of them requiring three ballots
before a decision was reached. Mrs.
E. W. Bock endeavored to keep out
of office, declining one nomination
after another until finally her re-
fusal to accept the office of reading
clerk was not accepted and she
agreed to serve.
The ladies gave considerable at-
tention to the matter of when their
regular meetings should be held.
Miss Devlin moved that the matter
of whether the meetings should be
held afternoon or night should be
decided by vive voce vote, which was
done, the result being the decision of
the auxiliary to meet at night. This
decision was reached because the la-
dies believe that they will be able
to secure a better attendance of
their members by holding evening
meetings, as some would be kept
away by household duties in the aft-
ernoon.
It was impossible to decide at
this time on what night the regular-
meetings should be held, as it is not
yet known what evenings the Car-
penters’ Hall is not engaged under
the present schedule, and the ladies
wish to hold their meetings in that
hall. Brother T. P. Lucas was ap-
pointed a committee of one to as-
certain what nights the meetings
could be held and when this infor-
mation has been secured postal cards
will be sent to all the members, ad-
vising them of the date of the next
meeting.
A copy of the by-laws of the
Houston Ladies’ Auxiliary was read
before the meeting, together with
the constittuion of the Houston or-
ganization, and Tuesday’s meeting
was conducted under the rules as
shown by these two. As soon as the
ladies here find out what date their
meetings are to be held a speciai
committee will be appointed to draft
a constitution and by-laws from the
Galveston auxiliary and these will be
adopted at the regular meetings.
President Al Ludgate of Carpen-
ters 526 and Secretary T. P. Lucas
of that organization acted temporary
officers for the ladies Tuesday, call-
ing the meeting to order and pre-
siding over it until the regular of-
ficers were elected and installed,
There was an exceptionally good at-
tendance of members on this first
meeting and from the interest shown
it is certain that the Galveston aux-
iliary will soon be one of the strong-
est and most progressive in the state
or Southwest.
There were twenty-seven charter
members when the organization had
its inception Tuesday night, Oct. 20,
and at the meeting this week four
new members, Mrs. A. Apffel, Miss
N. N. Smith, Mrs. J. J. Schmidt and
Mrs. B. Velton were admitted.
-----------o------------
MANY NEW ORGANIZATIONS.
According to the report of the
county auditor received at Monday’s
meeting of the board of county
commissioners, when outstanding
contracts have been paid and all
other indebtedness disposed of the
county road and bridge fund will
have remaining a sum of $2,000. It
was explained that the road work
now being carried on was being
done from the road funds of two
years ago, when bond issues were
voted for the purpose and that tne
county tax for this year does not in-
clude anything for road work.
The board of commissioners con-
sidered a reduction in the county ex-
penses and Commissioner Harte,
suggested cutting down the present
county force. Commissioner Deats,
however, asked that before a re-
duction in the force is made a trip
over all the road work now being
done be made by himself and the
county engineer. He added that ii
fair weather prevailed all grading
work for the lateral roads on L.
mainland would be completed this
week.
Three bids for re-roofing and re-
painting the court of civil appeals
building was received. The eontrac.
was awarded to G. P. Werner at his
bid of $545. The other bidders were
G. L. Bohn, $625, and A. Fedder, $1,-
043.25. Other repairs than those
contained in the specifications were
said to be necessary and these were
ordered investigated before work is
started.
Commissioner Hartel was author-
ized to repair breaks and raise de-
pressions in the seawall boulevard.
Freund & Quay, who have the con-
tract for furnishing shell for shell-
ing roads on the mainland, gave
notice of letting a subcontract to
Whipple & Jones for a part of the
work, this being done to hasten the
work as much as possible. The work
thus sublet is on the Hitchcock-La-
Marque road.
Further investigation of conditions
of the courtroom of Judge Holman
will be made before the contract for-
repairing this room is let, it being
stated that considerable work shoula
be done there.
Commissioner Boddeker was au-
thorized to advertise for bids for
furnishing the office of the tax col-
lector with a flat top desk and two
chairs.
A. F. of L. News Service.
Montreal, Oct. 29.—Starting with
the first of next month, laborers em-
ployed by the city on public works
will receive $2.50 for a nine-hour
day.
HUTCHINGS,
Establiehed SEALY EftabHaher
AND
John Sealy CO H. o. Stein
Sealy Hutchings F" Geo. Sealy
Concerning the Struggle in Colorado in 1913 was 183. The number of
a. F. of L. News Service.
Stockton, Cal., Oct. 29.—“We now
realize that we made a mistake, and
in such a case the only manly thing
to do is to acknowledge we were
wrong,” announces a well-known
clothing firm in this city which has
withdrawn from the anti-union Mer-
chants, Manufacturers and Employ-
ers’ Association, now attempting to
enforce its so-called “open shop”
theories on this city.
I
of Denver, had been satisfactory to
both miners and operators.”
Since these investigations proved
that the mine operators owned the
courts and every other office in their
little absolute monarchy of Huer-
fano and Las Animas counties; since
they refused to comply with the lan.
giving the men a checkweighman;
since they denied their employes
their legal right to belong to a la-
bor organization and refused them
an eight-hour day, a semi-monthly
pay day and the right to trade where
they pleased, as well as to be paid
in currency instead of scrip, condi-
tions probably were “satisfactory” to
the operators. Certainly they were
far from being satisfactory to the
men.
The mine owners say that for the
year ending June 30, 1913, employes
of the three large fuel companies
earned the following daily wage;
Victor America, $4.01; Colorado
Fuel and Iron Company, $4.02;
Rocky Mountain Fuel Company,
$1.36.
The Colorado coal miners are
striking for a day wage of $3.45.
Do you think they would live for a
year on $3 a week and suffer thirty-
four of their number to be murdered
and cremated for the extreme pleas-
ure of having their wages reduced
from 57c to 91c a day?
The mine owners say that an ex-
perienced miner can earn $5 per day.
Isn’t it peculiar, then, if they wish
their men to earn this amount per
day and do pay them that amount
that they refuse to pay them $3.45
per day ?
The operators disprove their
statements by their own figures.
They say that in August, 1913, there
were 12,059 men at work in the
mines of Colorado and that 40 per
cent of these were employed as out-
side and company men. Any ex-
perienced coal miner will tell you
that never more than 10 per cent of
the men working in and around a
mine are company men, but granting
that 20 per cent of their employes
were not engaged in digging coal,
there were approximately 10,000
coal diggers in the state at the time
the strike was called. These men
mined 11,000,000 tons "of coal. 21
is common knowledge that Colorado
coal miners have never been robbed
of less than 25 per cent of their
total tonnage, which would leave 8,-
800,000 tons for which they were
paid. For this they received 55 c a
ton or $3,630,000. This gives each
employe a yearly income of $363.
The miners of the three large com-
panies worked 238 days that year.
In other words the coal miners of
Colorado in the year ending June 30,
1913, earned $1.53 a day instead of
$4.13.
The operators say that one of the
reasons their men were satisfied is
because the companies only took 13
per cent of their wages at the com-
pany store. Statistics compiled by
experts and including those mines
where there were no company stores
show that all the miners of the state
were forced to spend 57 per cent of
their earnings with the company and
that 73 per cent of the miners re-
ceived the remaining 43 per cent of
their earnings in scrip in direct vio-
lation of the state labor laws.
The mine owners further insult
the public intelligence by saying
that after the strike was called
“even strikers continued their pat-
ronage” at the company stores. To
77** "* "8 #T WDR? #9R
HUTCHINGS,
Estsgzhed SEALY Esabliphe
AND
John Sealy AA H. O. Stein
Sealy Hutchinas Geo. Sealy
BANKERS
Unincorporated
Slit latter Dispatch
Official Organ of the State Federation of Labor, G alveston Labor Council, Galveston Building Trades Council, Port Arthur Trades and Labor Council,
Beaumont Trades and Labor Assembly and Affiliated Unions.
Washington, Oct. 29—A treaty
has been signed which binds the
United States and Russia to submit
all disputes that can not be settled
diplomatically to an international
commission of five members for in-
vestigation during a period of at
least one year, during which hostili-
ties may not be commenced. This is
the twenty-seventh of the socalled
investigation treaties, and follows in
a general way the lines of those
previously negotiated with nations
all over the world. Similar agree-
ments already have been signed be-
tween the United States and Great
Britain and France. Negotiations
with Germany and Japan have not
been finished.
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Young, J. W. The Labor Dispatch (Galveston, Tex.), Vol. 4, No. 18, Ed. 1 Friday, October 30, 1914, newspaper, October 30, 1914; Galveston, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth1447655/m1/1/: accessed August 15, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu.; crediting Rosenberg Library.