Gainesville Daily Register and Messenger (Gainesville, Tex.), Vol. 56, No. 35, Ed. 1 Tuesday, October 9, 1945 Page: 1 of 6
This newspaper is part of the collection entitled: Gainesville Register and was provided to The Portal to Texas History by the Cooke County Library.
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ainestille Hail® Register
GAINESVILLE, COOKE COUNTY, TEXAS, TUESDAY AFTERNOON, OCTOBER 9, 1945
56TH YEAR
NUMBER 35
(SIX PAGES)
Jap Premier Says War Lords To Be Punished
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The Weather
plaint alleged that since about
through the back of a communist- and of sending young Frenchmen
Dutch officers.
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Government Hopes
To End Coal Strike
Nimitz Is
Acclaimed
Congress Is Urged to
Create Commission to
Handle Atomic Power
Big 3 Unable Break
Procedure Deadlock
Of Dispute
Outlined
P5
Foreign Minuter*’
Disagreement Aired
in House of Common*
Ethiopa joined the United Na-
tion* Sept. 9, 1942.
First Cold Wave
Of Season Hits
Most of Texas
Temperatures in Low
40‘s Early Today in
Panhandle Section
me.”
The two were very similar in
appearance, and Li was riding in
a communist headquarters auto-
mobile when shot.
Shot From Car
GREEK CABINET QUITS
ATHENS, Oct. 9 (P)—The cabi-
net of Admiral Voulgaris resigned
today, bringing to a head the po-
litical strife which has been brew-
ing in Greece over impending na-
tional election*.
donesia officials being seized by
extremists, Dutch residences be-
ing looted and snipers firing alt
Communist Party
Officer in China
is Assassinated
Grave Political Issue
Feared by Members of
Two Chief Factions
. By CLYDE FARNSWORTH
CHUNGKING, Oct. 9 (P—The
Chinese communist party’s secre-
t 1
IB
VIOLENCE FLARES ANEW IN FILM STRIKE—Strikers and non-strikers engage in fist fights
(upper right) at the entrance to Warner Bros. Hollywood studio Oct. 8 in a renewal of violence in the
eight-months-old film strike.—(AP Wirephoto).
a sentence of death on the future
of our own country and the en-
tire world.”
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Ahn
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S0d~s: si
Affecting 177,000
By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
The government went ahead today hopeful of success in ending
its biggest postwar labor dispute, spreading soft coal strikes affect-
ing some 177,000 workers from more than 685 mines.
♦ Settlement of the 19-day-old
"The hold of the military' clique
and bureaucrats on political pow-
er has been broken and all poli-
tics and economics will be deter-
7""T 7 T-
Ik a
Peonle
Odd Glimpses of Ltf*
In Town and Country
national research agency to keep
the United States abreast of
scientific developments, the Har-
vard astronomer asserted it
LONDON, Oct. 9 (AP).—
Foreign Secretary Ernest
Bevin told commons today
that President Truman, Prime
Minister Attlee and General-
issimo Stalin had been unable
to break the deadlock over
procedure which collapsed the
recent conference of allied
foreign ministers.
Just before Bevin' began his
formal report on the meeting,
Attlee said the government “will
of course be happy" to discuss
with the United States the future
of atomic power.
Bevin outlined to the crowded
and anxious house details of the
aries have agreed to fix prices on
electrical equipment sold to ma-
jor American corporations and
banking houses which the buyers
would export.
Westinghouse Statement
At Pittsburgh, Westinghouse is-
sued a statement saying the Elec-
trical Apparatus Export associa-
tion has been operating under the
supervision of the Federal Trade
Commission more than 14 years,
and adding:
"We believe that the operators
of the association were lawful,
and have not restrained either
the, domestic or export trade of
the United States, but on the con-
trary, have promoted and in-
creased the export trade of the
United States, which is the funda-
(Contnued on Page Six)
down Laval’s assertion that: “II
am a patriot and I will prove it.” ।
DISTURBANCES IN JAVA
SAN FRANCISCO, Oct 9 (P)—
Aneta. Dutch news agency, re-
ported widespread disturbances
in Java today, with moderate In-
INTERLUDE
JEFFERSON CITY. Mo.
The Missouri house of represen-
tatives was a house divided yes-
terday.
But not along usual party lines.
Part of the members worked
at advancing bills toward final
vote as others gathered around
a radio to hear the World Series.
Inning scores were relayed by
Speaker Pro Tem Murray Thomp-
son.
Huddled over a radio with the
headset divided between them
were Democratic Floor Leader
Roy Hamlin and Republican Rep-
resentative Fred Norden.
As
A paper shower began raining
down on the motorcade at State
and Whitehall streets, in lower
Manhattan. Prolonged cheers
rose from thousands of persons
packed on sidewalks in that area.
dispute which arose over the
question of whether all five lead-
ing allied nations would partici-
i peace treaties for the
___I, Italy and Finland, or
only those which were signatories
He was evicted from court
again the second day, and there-
after started a strange sitdown
(Continued on Page Four)
i '
NEEDY BURGLARS
PORTLAND, Ore. (A)— End of
the wartime boom here has re-
duced thieves to taking almost
anything.
John Bribbon told police a
prowler entered his home, took
two bananas, 50 cents and five
theater tickets.
g >
S i
By Government
General Electric and
Westinghouse Accused
By Justice Department
WASHINGTON, Oct. 9 (P)—
The Justice department today an-
nounced the filing of a civil ac-
tion against the General Electric
company and the Westinghouse
l ing."
The jury convicted Laval of ad-
vocating collaboration with the
Germans, of setting up anti-Jew-
Li was killed by a fusillade ish and anti-Masonic legislation
1931 the five defendants “have
been continuously and are now
engaged in” an unlawful combi-
nation to restrain trade with for-
eign nations in electrical equip-
ment; and that the General Elec-
tric and Westinghouse subsidi-
the sale of electrical equipment
for export.
The action, brought in the fed-
eral district court for southern
New York, also named the Inter-
national General Electric com-
eagmermnhhht
•Elzemmddmadmdk
GERMAN GENERAL ON TRIAL IN ROME—German Gen. An-
ton Dostler (left) confers with his defense attorney, Col. Claudius
O. Wolfe (right) of San Antonio, Texas, at opening of his war crim-
inal trial in the Palace of Justice in Rome Oct 8. He 10 accused of
having ordered the execution of 15 American prisoners of war. Man
in center is Sgt. Albert Hirsch of Berkeley, Calif.—(AP Wirephoto)
ment was read.
No date was fixed for the exe-
cution.
The jurors made it plain that
the former chief of the Vichy re-
gime had damaged his position by
his wartime radio broadcast in
which he called for a German
victory. The verdict said the jury
held Laval responsible for “man-
euvers leading to establishment
of the Vichy regime.”
He was convicted also of es-
tablishing militiats to oppose the
Maquis—backbone of the French
resistance movement during the
occupation.
“Useless’ to Enumerate Acts
The verdict said it was “use-
less” to enumerate all of the acts
for which Laval was responsible,
inasmuch as Laval was the cause
of four years of “French suffer-
Pierre Laval
Sentenced to
Die by Court
Former Vichy Chief
Of Government Had
Boycotted His Trial
PARIS, Oct. 9 (A— Pierre La-
val was condemned to death to-
night for intelligence with the
enemy and attacking the security
of France.
The former Vichy chief of gov-
ernment, who before the war was
three times premier of France,
had boycotted the trial after the
opening days and had been con-
fined to a dungeon beneath the
Palace of Justice.
A jury of 12 members of parlia-
ment and 12 from the resistance
movement took little time to seal
the doom of the man accused of
treason. The same court during
the summer condemned Former
Marshal Petain, Laval’s superior
in the Vichy regime, but Gen. De
Gaulle commuted the sentence to
life imprisonment. •
Laval was striped of all citizen-
ship rights and his property was
confiscated.
It took the jury only 62 min-
utes to decide the trial which the
white-tied defendant had called
a “judicial crime.”
Once again, Laval was not in
the courtroom. His attorney, Al-
bert Naud, quoted him as saying:
“It was what I expected all
along."
Naud said Laval took the ver-
dict “very calmly.”
One of Laval’s guards said he
refused to appear for the reading
of the lengthy verdict.
Laval’s only chance of escape
is to appeal to Gen De Gaulle
for commutation to life imprison-
ment.
But this, his attorney said, La-
val would refuse to do.
Judge Paul Mongibeaux start-
ed droning out the long verdict
soon after the jurors filed in at
Average Crude
Oil Output Down
TULSA, Okla., Oct. 9 (P) —
Daily average crude oil output in
Texas, the natibn’s biggest pro-
ducer, slid downward 702,400 bar-
rels to 1,187,100 for the week
ending October 6, the Oil and Gas
Journal reported today.
The Texas slump bulked large
in a decline of 862,650 to 3,618,500
for the country as a whole, but
Illinois dropped 54,500 to 134,700,
Kansas 20,350 to 252,150 and Ok-
lahoma 7,850 to 383,450. Califor-
nia output was off 45,150 to 815,-
000.
The Eastern area increased 2,-
550 to 65.950 and Michigan came
up 3,400 to 44,600, while Louisi-
and slumped 7,350 to 355,500.
The Rocky Mountain area of
Colorado, Montana and Wyoming
declined 4,850 barrels to 126,-
800.
Mississippi output declined 1,-
450 barrels to 51,100.
organized in 1919 by Westing-
house as an agent abroad; and
Electrical Apparatus Export asso-
ciation, formed about 1931 by IGE
and Westinghouse International.
issue and that the killer might
have been after bigger game.
An autopsy today, at which
two American physicians were in-
vited to participate, disclosed that
would be “unwise to withhold
for any appreciable time essen-
• (Continued on Page Six)
pate in
Balkans,
congress today that by misappli-
cation of the knowledge of the
atom bomb secret “we may be
passing a sentence of death* on
the future of our country and the
entire world.”
Advocating legislation suggest-
ed by President Truman to set up
a commission to plan for develop-
ment and control of atomic en-
ergy in America, Patterson told
the house military committee:
“No single department of gov-
ernment should be charged with
a responsibility that affects the
whole future of mankind so di-
rectly and immediately. Even the
winning of the war seems a mi-
nor matter by comparison with
the importance of applying fully
and controlling wisely the power
of the atom.
“If we misapply the know-
ledge we now have or fail to car-
ry forward our research with the
utmost vigor, we may be passing
Responsibility of the U. S.
“They delivered into the cus-
tody of the people of this coun-
try the responsibility for devel-
oping and administrating a force
of incalculable potentialities but
we are even now only dimly
aware of their extent.”
Maj. Gen. Leslie R. Groves, di-
rector of the atom bomb project,
also was called as a witness.
Other views on the future of
atomic energy were heard at the
opposite end of the capitol.
There, Dr. Harlow Shapely of
Harvard told senate military and
commerce committees it would be
“selfish and perhaps dangerous”
to conceal knowledge about atom-
ic research r obstruct use of the
power.
Endorsing legislation to form a
Temperatures: High yesterday,
63; low last night, 53; noon today,
50; high for the year, 101.7; low
for the year, 22; barometric pres-
sure, 30.08; rainfall, .12 of an inch.
East Texas: Mostly cloudy with
occasional rain south and extreme
west, cooler south and east por-
tion this afternoon and tonight,
Wednesday cloudy with occa-
sional rain, warmer north and
west portions. Moderate to occa-
sionally fresh northeast to south-
east winds on the coast.
West Texas: Cloudy with occa-
sional rain this afternoon, tonight,
and Wednesday, warmer Wednes-
day.
Hold of Military
Clique Broken, He
Tells Japanese People
TOKYO, Oct. 9 (AP).-
Aged Premier Kijuro Shide-
hara. in his first broadcast to
the people of Japan, declared
today that Japanese “govern-
ment officials who have
trampled the rights of the
people in the past” would re-
ceive severe punishment. In
another part of the capital
American soldiers mounted
guard over Japan’s reserves
of gold, silver and platinum
valued at more than $250,-
000,000.
The new premier’s radio mes-
sage to his people followed a
press conference with foreagn cor-
respondents at which he admitted
there were "several regrettable
points” in Japan’s share in the
Pacific war, but that he was "not
prepared to discuss” whether Ja-
pan was guilty of starting the
hostilities.
Shidehara told the people of
Japan that he had accepted the
premiership "as my last service
to my country," and pleaded with
them for unity to assist his gov-
ernment in the severe economic
struggle ahead.
r 5:17 p. m. He pronounced sen-
--g ..........i comru-tence only after the whole docu-
nists and nationalists today that
it might become a grave political
fragments throughout his lungs,
but the official autopsy report
had not been issued.
Chou En-Lai, No. 2 communist
in China, who is here for the cur-
Electric corporation, alleging day raising fears of both
violation of the anti-trust laws in , ay’ ransin8 -ears o Doth
tary-general in Chungking was
assassinated mysteriously yeste
imi
coal shutdown in six states would
shave the nation’s strike lines ma-
terially. Current disputes across
the country kept about 425,000
men and women away from their
jobs, a decrease of more than
125,000 over last week’s new 1945
of 550,000.
The critical situation in the coal
fields received the most atten-
tion from the government. Sec-
retary of Labor Schwellenbach
said “progress” had been made in
conferences with John L. Lewis,
United Mine Workers president,
and bituminous operators. As they
met for the third time /he ap-
peared optimistic and seizure of
the 675 idle mines was not be-
lieved imminent.
Steel Mills Close *
The shutdown of additional coal
mines — some 5,000 miners left
their pits in Indiana yesterday—
forced the closing of additional
steel mills and resulted in mass
layoff of workers. In Pittsburgh,
the U. S. Steel Company cut its
operations to 51 per cent of ca-
pacity and said by the weekend
a total of 18 of its blast furnaces
and 58 open hearths would be
closed in the Pittsburgh area.
The shutdowns, stemming from
strikes by a union of foremen and
supervisory employes in a dispute
over collective bargaining, have
forced 73,000 miners from pits
in West Virginia; 57,000 in Penn-
sylvania; 26,500 in Kentucky; 8,-
000 in Tennesse; 8,000 in Ohio,
and 5,000 in Indiana.
Dock Workers Idle
There was no indication of set-
tlement today of the strike of an
estimated 35,000 to 60,000 New
York dock workers as the world’s
busiest port was jammed with
unmoved freight.
An embargo was placed on all
shipments of freight to New York
for export. A spokesman for
the AFL International Longshore-
men’s association said member-
ship polls were to be held today
and tomorrow on the possibility
of return to work by Thursday.
pany (IGE), formed in 1919 by T -
GE as an agent in certain for- the victim, Li Shao Shih,
e i g n countries; Westinghouse slain with a peculiar explosive
Electric International company, bullet which scattered metal
The Justice department an- rent unification negotiations with
nouncement here said the com- , the Chiang Kai-Shek government,
-li-t -l1-he- “het -i---_i—‘stood tearfully at Li’s bier and
exclaimed, “This fellow died for
Unity Is
Urged by
Shidehara
MEANEST THIEF
PORTLAND, Ore. (P)—A
bride-to-be reported to police a
slight hitch in her marriage plans.
He wedding dress and veil was
stolen from a telephone booth,
she said.
a"
3,3
WASHINGTON, Oct. 9 (P)—{Japan did more than destroy the
Secretary of War Patterson told Japanese will to fight, Patterson
said.
Portuguese is the language of
most of Brazil’s 41,356,605 people.
Camp Howze Has
Been Placed on
Inactive List
Small Number of Men
To Be Left Here to
Protect Installation
Camp Howze has been placed
on the temporary inactive list, ac-
cording to an announcement of
the War department, Congress-
man Ed Gossett has advised the
Chamber of Commerce.
The announcement said the
camp had officially gone on the
temporary inactive’ list as of Sept,.
30. “
“Small number of men will be
left there to protect installation.
No decision has yet been reached
regarding final disposition of
Camp Howze,” the telegram said.
No official announcement could
be 'made from Camp Howze, al-
though it was said there is signifi-
cance in the fact that this is a
temporary inactivation.
One officer said this order defi-
nitely places Camp Howze on an
indefinite basis. This means both
civilians and military personnel
will be needed to maintain the
camp until such time, as some
other action can be taken.
President Emmett Curtis of the
Chamber of Commerce has called
a meeting of the board of direc-
tors and members for Wednesday
night to discuss the Camp Howze
and other problems now before
the Chamber of Commerce.
“We have reached a place
where we must take some action
on several things for the welfare
of Gainesville,” Mr. Curtis said.
“We want not only the direc-
tors but any members or other
business men present, and hope
(Continued on Page Six)
By The Associated Press
Amarillo and Pampa registered
low 40s today as the first cold
wave of the season hit the great-
er part of Texas. Rainfall accom-
panied the brisk temperatures.
Only in south Texas did Texans
enjoy mild weather. Brownsville
and Corpus Christi registered 75
and 74, respectively, today, j
North and west Texans dug out
their earmuffs and raincoats how-
“ever. Some of the low tempera-
tures were at Dalhart, 45 degrees.
Sweetwater, Marfa and Claren-
don, 46, Midland 48 and Wink
and Big Spring, 49.
The cold wave arrived in
Gainesville early Monday after-
noon and the temperature
dropped to a low of 50 at noon
Tuesday, with a light rain which
had amounted to .12 of an inch-,
still falling.
Heaviest rainfall was reported
in the Corsicana area, where three
inches fell in the past 24 hours,
damaging bottom crops. Heavy
• rainfall was reported today at
El Paso and Waco, each register-
ing more than an inch. Lubbock,
Abilene, San Antonio, Laredo and
Plainview all reported moderate
rainfall
By Gotham
First Navy Hero in
Nearly Half Century
To Be Honored by City
NEW YORK, Oct. 9 (AP).
Fleet Admiral Chester W.
Nimitz came to New York
today to receive the acclaim
of millions in the city’s first
'official reception for a naval
hero in nearly half a century. 1
He stepped from a silver-
painted navy R-5-D at La Guar-
dia Field at 10:05 .a. m., after a
flight from Washington, to begin
a day-long round of activities,
। including a triumphal tour
through jam-packed streets. It
I was tne first lull military parade
1 in New York since I the start of
the war.
Eight sideboys piped the ad-
I miral off the plane, in the same
fashion that an admiral is tradi-
tionally piped over the side when
he visits a warship.
The hero of the Pacific, accom-
panied by his wife and 13 veter-
ans who won the Congressional
Medal of Honor under his com-
mand, were greeted officially by
Mayor F. H. La Guardia, Admir-
al Jonas Ingram, commander in
chief of the Atlantic fleet, and
other high naval and army offi-
cers.
Mrs. Nimitz was welcomed by
her son, Commander Chester W.
Nimitz, Jr., who had been stand-
ing on the sidelines to—in his
own words—“observe and enjoy
my father’s discomfort.”
A 21-piece band played four
ruffles and flourishes, and then-
struck up the Admiral’s March
as Nimitz walked from his plane
to review a guard of honor.
Leaves Field With Mayor
Then, entering an automobile
with La Guardia, he left the field
at the head of a motorcade. The
first scheduled stop was City Hall,
for a ceremony making him an
honorary citizen of New York.
Approximately 1,000 persons
assembled on the airport’s mil
long observation deck, cheered
and waved. Nimitz waved back.
Although the sky had been
overcast all morning, and rain
threatened, the sun burst through
shortly before the admiral’s plane
reached the field.
A cold wind was sweeping the
East river, however, and the
crowds along the Franklin D.
Roosevelt drive from the Tribor-
ough bridge were smaller than
those on hand for the previous
welcomes for Gen. Dwight D. Ei-
senhower and Gen. Jonathan M.
Wainwright, hero of Corregidor.
River craft tooted a hoarse
welcome as the motorcade rolled
down the drive. At one point a
fireboat shot a dozen streams of
SWEET
IPSWICH, Mass., Oct. 9 (P)—
Primary school teachers had a
sweet time of it today. Pupils
asked to contribute a tablespoon
of sugar each to make candy for
a charity bazaar got a little con-
fused. They thought it was a
pound apiece.
The day’s take—90 pounds.
to specific armistices.
“An agreement could not be
reached between the three for-
eign ministers,” Bevin said. “They
referred the matter to the three
heads of government and they
took the same view."
Bevin, however, expressed con-
fidence that, “given time and a
continuance of patience and un-
derstanding, the big powers
would overcome present diver-
gencies" and work out the foun-
dations for a stable peace.
Bevin’s tone was temperate
His words were measured care-
fully. /
"Perhaps it is a little too close
to the two great victories to be
able to reach an immediate
agreement," he said. “For our
qart, we will certainly work in
tne same spirit of cooperation
with which the countries united
to pursue the war.”
Bevin told commons it was he
who, at the outset of the council
sessions, had suggested that all
five foreign ministers participate
in all discussions.
He declared that Molotov had
agreed with the understanding
that the decisions would be taken
only by delegations representing
governments who were signato-
ries to the armistices.
Bevin said that Molotov’s
“new" attitude on procedure for
discussion was taken up on in-
structions from his government.
Bevin added that the procedure
advocated by the Soviet delega-
tion “would obviously have cre-
a t e d international difficulties
which the United States and Brit-
ish delegations did not feel they
should be called upon to face.”
“How," he asked, “could it be
reconciled with the charter of the
United Nations organization,
, which lays down that the secur-
ity council has special responsi-
bility of maintaining the peace of
the world?”
to Germany for forced labor.
The verdict also Concluded that
Laval arranged the meeting at
Montoire of Hitler and former
Marshal Petain, a session which
marked the start of active collab-
oration between Vichy and Ger-
many.
Laval was held responsible for
the scuttling of the French fleet
and for breaking relations “with
the Anglo-Saxon powers.”
Laval was evicted the first day
soon after the judge, jury and
prosecutor in unison screamed
aytr 6"“ ?"PRe Cases Are Filed
The atom bombs dropped on
owned sedan in which he was rid-
ing through the quiet Shapingpa
University section of Chungking
late yesterday. His death came
at a time when communists and
China’s central government, were
reported drafting a communique
announcing an accord resulting
from five weeks of unification
conferences.
. It was ,the first open assassina-
tion of a Chinese communist
leader since 1937. Investigating
are the Chungking police, gen-
darmerie, courts and communists
themselves. All four groups were
represented at today’s autopsy.
His chauffeur, reported to have
disappeared after the shooting, is
(Continued on Page Six)
mined by the will of the major-
ity,” the premier said in his
broadcast which was gloomy
throughout.
Mistakes in Education
Looking into the past, Shide-
hara declared that Japan’s de-
feat could be attributed mainly
to mistakes in education and that
education would be the funda-
mental problem of reconstruction.
The premier announced no spe-
cific program for the solution of
economic problems and did not
outline any specific political re-
forms.
American headquarters said
that the imperial army and navy,
which had control of part of the
large Japanese reserve of precious
metals, had not accounted for a
penny since 1937.
“Responsible” Japanese officials
led the way -to the treasure. Gen.
MacArthur’s headquarters re-
lated, on this first day in office
of Premier Kijuro Shideharas
already-reshuffled new govern-
ment. The aged but energetic pre-
mier told correspondents he was
“not prepared to discuss" wheth-
er Japan was guilty of starting
the war, and issued an eight-point
program pledging personal-free-
dom and a fight against famine.
Toyoda Is Replaced
New Navy Minister Adm. Soye-
mu Toyoda’s portfolio was lifted
even before he could be sworn in.
and Adm. Mitsumasa Yonei—who
once dared oppose Warlord Hide-
ki Tojo—replaced him in the new
cabinet. Toyoda, said Japanese
sources, might be considered a
war criminal suspect.
The impounded treasure in-
cluded reserves in the Bank of
Japan belonging to the Bank of
Thailand (Siam), Bank of Indo-
China, Federal Reserve Bank of
China, Bank of Italy and Bank of
Chosen (Korea). All impounded
metals and coin will be held until
allied headquarters receives in-
structions from allied govern-
ments on its disposal.
The seizure, made quietly and
without interference, was to
make sure that the reserves did
not disappear, and at the same
time to obtain army and navy
records which might show the dis-
position of loot from conquered
territories, allied headquarters
reported.
Guilt Not Discussed
Japan’s new premier told a
press conference attended by
some 40 correspondents that he
thought “there were several re-
grettable points" in Japan’s share
of the Pacific war, but added that
he was “not prepared to discuss"
whether Japan was guilty of
starting the hostilities.
Long an opponent of Japanese
military aggression, Shidehara
nevertheless would not be drawn
into a direct discussion of Pearl
Harbor or his personal views on
the war.
"It is not my position,” he said,
“to criticize official documents is-
sued by the Japanese government
on the causes of the war.”
Shidehara said he believed the
ends sought by Japan through
war could be achieved through
diplomacy.
L
1
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Gainesville Daily Register and Messenger (Gainesville, Tex.), Vol. 56, No. 35, Ed. 1 Tuesday, October 9, 1945, newspaper, October 9, 1945; Gainesville, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth1470636/m1/1/?rotate=90: accessed July 16, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu.; crediting Cooke County Library.