The San Antonio Light (San Antonio, Tex.), Vol. 34, No. 114, Ed. 1 Thursday, May 15, 1913 Page: 4 of 14
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4
THURSDAY
THE SAN ANTONIO LIGHT
(Founded January It 1111.)
Comprlilnf The Ban Antonio Light and tha Ban Antonia
Qaaatta
JBoonlng Dally and Sunday Morning.
■saluolva Loaaad Wire Day Report of tho Aaoociatod
Prooa.
Entered at the poetoffice at San Antonio aa aecond-ciaaa
matter.
CHARI.KS M. DIEHI. I Editors and I'ntUehera
HARRISON L. BEACH. I
SUBSCRIPTION RATES.
Dally and Sunday carrier. 1 m0nth....... S
Dally and Sunday carrier. 1 year ®Y*
Daily and Sunday mall. 1 month
Dally and Sunday mail. 1 year (in advance) J dO
Sunday carrier 1 year •Jr
Sunday mail 1 year
Single copy dally cr Sunday 04
It la Important when dealring tho addreaa of your
paper changed to give both old and new addreaaea
Should delivery be irregular pleaae notify the office.
Old phono Crockett 1742. Now phono 17E
Tho Ban Antonio Light la on sale at hotoia and newa-
throughout tho United State*
NEW TORK OFFICE —Paul Block Inc. 2»0 F'fth Ave.
CHICAGO OFFICE—PauI Block. Inc.. Mailers Bldg.
BOSTON OFFICE —Paui Block. Inc. Tremont Bidg
APRIL CIBCtLATION.
The total circulation of The san Antonio Light during
April. 1212 mu 688287.
The total daily average circulation of the evening
edition wu 18.612 coplea and the Sunday edition was
22083 copie* Omitting all spoiled. left over unsolu.
returned filed sample* advertiser* and exchanges the
total net paid daily average of the evening edition was
17848 copiea. and of the Sunday edition 18788 copiea
The Association of American Advertisers baa exam
Ined and certified to tho circulation of The San Antouio
Light for the nine months endimr June 80. 1812.
The circulation of Tho Ban Autanlo Light for tho nine
months ending February 28. 1813 has been 'certified to
by K. W. Ayer A bens of Philadelphia.
The audit of the above agencies is regarded aa au-
thoritative and final by tho advertisers of America and
Europe.
DOUBLE THE LOCAL CIRCULATION
OF ANY OTHER PAPER
THURSDAY. MAY 15. 1913
CHEAP TALK FROM MEXICO
El Pais a pro-Huerta paper in a bitter
editorial arraignment of the United States
for its refusal to recognize the de facto
government in Mexico suggests that this
country withdraw not only Ambassador
Henry Lane Wilson but all -its consuls
and diplomatic representatives as well.
The intended inference of course is that
the United States is pursuing an incon-
sistent policy the argument being that the
maintenance of diplomatic agents in any
country is in itself a virtual recognition
of the existence of an established govern-
ment in that country. In the refusal of
the United States to recognize his ad-
ministration Huerta finds grounds for the
claim that he is justified in officially de-
nying the existence of an established gov-
ernment in this country. It does not how-
ever seem to be understood by him that
before he begins to talk sauce-for-the-
gander philosophy Huerta should first
withdraw his consular agents from the
United States.
It requires little knowledge of estab-
lished customs of international intercourse
to understand why the United States does
not withdraw its diplomatic representa-
tives from Mexico or why such action has
never been taken by any other nation un-
der similar circumstances. If ever one
country needs representation in another it
is during such precarious times as Mexico
has been experiencing for the last two
years. Under the system of modern civil-
ization the only cause for the withdrawal
of diplomatic agents is a declaration of
war between the countries involved. The
United States flag will continue to float
over the American embassy in the City
of Mexico unless the two republics have
made formal announcement of open hos-
tilities.
It would doubtless be gratifying to
Huerta if the United States would offi-
cially abandon its citizens in Mexico to
the fate that came to Francisco I. Ma-
dero and Pino Suarez and let all Ameri-
can interests south of the Rio Grande suf-
fer the same damages that have been in-
flicted on the property of those whose
claims Huerta has refused to settle un-
less this country grants recognition to his
government. On the other hand the
United States might take some pleasure in
recalling Ambassador Wilson were it not
that his withdrawal would necessitate the
appointment of a successor—an act that
from a technical viewpoint could be in-
terpreted as recognition of Huerta’s
regime.
El Pais’ suggestion in addition to being
puerile makes it more obvious that Huer-
ta’s “ultimatum” is a weak bluff. He will
hardly dare go further for a bluff like his
is easily “called.” It is not at all im-
probable that the United States should
find it necessary to withdraw its diplo-
matic representatives from Mexico but
their places would soon be filled by men
who do not wear civilian uniforms and
who do not make history with pen and
parchment.
“NEWSPAPER REPUTATION”
“Chuck” Conners just dead in a New
York hospital at the age of 61 was one
of the most striking illustrations ever
known of a man made famous purely by
a "newspaper reputation.”. Everybody in
New York had heard of “Chuck” Con-
nors and thousands knew him. at least
by sight while his fame had spread more
or less to the four corners of the earth as
“the king of Chinatown.” i
Connors was one of those who ha<|
‘ fame thrust upon him. Until he Was thirty
years old or thereabouts he had never
‘ done anything to differentiate him from a
thousand young men born in New York’s
। East Side and raised on the old Bowery.
He was tough and forceful in language
1 and he knew the Bowery and Chatham
■ square and Mott Pell and Doyers streets
as thousands of other young men knew
those sections. On a fateful day he met
a clever reporter for the New York Sun
who cultivated his friendship and started
writing articles in which all sorts of clever
bits of philosophy couched in the lan-
guage of the Bowery were credited to
“Chuck” Connors. Within a year Con-
nors was a famous New York character.
Having a native shrewdness he not only
never denied the interviews that were
credited to him but cultivated an epigram-
matic manner of speech by way of living
up to his reputation.
As the years passed he capitalized his ।
fame and for the last decade or so has
made a good living acting as guide to
tourists who wanted to see Chinatown.
Of course he never showed them any real
opium dens or gambling places or secret
meeting places so his Chinese friends
didn't object. In fact as they have fake
resorts of that sort in New York's China-
town whose only reason for existence is
to be show places for slumming parties
the Chinese who run them made money
collaterally with "Chuck.”
Greater men than “Chuck” Connors
have crossed the line from obscurity to
something resembling fame purely be-
cause newspapers have advertised them.
Robert Hilliard today a finished actor
and "legitimate” star likes to tell of the
day a great many years ago when he had
just entered the professional ranks after
some reputation as a society man and
amateur actor. He wasn’t attracting at-
tention from managers and the future was
not bright. One morning he met a re-
portorial friend of his —also on the Sun
by the way—who listened to his troubles
and said he would do something for him.
From time to time thereafter appeared
humorous stories about—not Hilliard the
actor but Hilliard's forty-two pairs of
creased trousers and fifty-eight fancy
waistcoats. The stories seemed to poke :
fun at Hilliard but the managers began '
to notice him. His own abilities did the
rest.
“Sockless Jerry” Simpson would never
have been htard of nationally but for the
fact that he made “good copy.” James
Hamilton Lewis would never have gotten
far enough to rattle around in a chair in
the United States Senate had not re-
porters in his early congressional days
found humor in his delicate pink whiskers
and the fact that his name could be writ-
ten “Jim Ham.” And these are but a few
of hundreds.
Like “Chuck” Connors each had to be
bright enough to take some advantage of
his opportunities and in a measure live up
to the reputation newspapers had given
him. To the day of his death Connors
was the friend of every good newspaper
man. “W’y not?” he often said. “If it
wasn’t fer youse guys I’d prob'ly be wipin’
off a bar somewhere on d’ Bow’ry or more
likely I’d croaked long ago.” Some of the
others who owe their rise to the same
cause have not been so appreciative. Jim
Ham Lewis for instance would undoubt-
edly concede that he would have been a
great man just the sams -even if the re-
porters had not made hi« whiskers famous.
SEGREGATION PROBLEMS
Many attempts have been made to
ascertain some system of segregation of
population upon reasons of color race
habits or social characteristics. Where
communities are formed voluntarily be-
cause of the same race and habits the
question is settled by the members satis-
factorily to themselves. But when not
formed on the basis of congeniality and
there is an invasion by those who are un-
desirable for any reason there is trouble
of some degree and exclusion in some
manner is sought.
The Pilgrims who settled at Plymouth
were of the same faith and purpose and
all of them signed the “Covenant” as soon
as they landed. The Puritans who formed
the colony of Massachusetts Bay signed
no covenant but they were agreed in faith
and purpose and tolerated none who dif-
fered from them. They did not seek resi-
dence in Pennsylvania or other colonies
and when Quakers intruded ami refused
to leave they were expelled. They had
the right and exercised the power to ex-
clude those who were not in sympathy
with them!
The German and Irish immigrants set-
tling in the cities and large towns in the
United States voluntarily reside together
because of national affinity. This is emi-
nently true of the Italians.
Baltimore has made the latest attempt
to establish a restricted district for her
negro population. An ordinance enacted
for that purpose some time ago was at-
tacked by the negroes and was held to
be invalid. Another ordinance was pre-
pared with such care that it was thought
its validity could not be successfully at-
! lacked. It was so drawn as to make a vio-
lation of its provisions a criminal offense.
|t prohibited the residence in anv one
rpiarc of white and negroes. It was made
“ crime for any person residing in the dis-
trict in violation of the law to remain
there and in order to make the ordinance
fair it was made to apply to whites and
blacks.
The judge before whom the case aris-
ing under the ordinance was tried took
several months for consideration and fi-
nally held the ordinance to be invalid on
the ground of impracticability. That if
the ordinance was enforced every
square in Baltimore in which there was a
mixed population of whites and blacks
would have to be vacated. The effect of
the observance of the ordinance would be
to depopulate a square in w h i c h both
whites and blacks resided. Before the or-
dinance went into effect the whites and
blacks residing in a certain square under
ownership or lease of residence were law-
observing citizens. The day after the or-
dinance became effective they were with-
out any act on their part violators of the
law and liable to sentences in the peni-
tentiary.
The sole ground on which the law was
held invalid was that the effect of its ob-
servance would be the depopulation of
those sections in which whites and blacks
resided. It is an application of the doc-
trine of miscegenation to territory. The
only reference to the merits of the law
was the incidental remark that “the fram-
ers of the ordinance in the endeavor to
please certain interests have Overlooked
the rights of citizens generally.”
The two decisions handed down in Bal-
timore illustrate the difficulty of finding
an effectual means of territorial exclusion
or segregation when it is desired for any
reason or in any city or state.
IS SOLDIERING "SAFE?”
On some subjects—as for instance the
formation of steel corporations or the
founding of libraries that shall combine
philanthrophy and self-advertising in just
the right proportions—Mr. Andrew Car-
negie may be regarded as an authority.
On some other subjects one of which is
universal peace it is to be feared he is not
so accurate.
At the recent peace congress in St.
Louis Mr. Carnegie discussing armies
and armaments and speaking as one hav-
ing authority said: '“lf a man wishes to
select the safest life possible let him en-
ter our army and navy.”
A rather broad statement to call mili-
tary life "the safest life possible” but a
statement owing to the accuracy of mod-
ern statistics quite easily tested.
Capt. Charles A. Ranlett of the West
Point class of ’9B has furnished through
an Eastern newspaper some figures rela-
tive to his own class which shed light on
Mr. Carnegie’s assertion. Captain Ran-
lett is not now in the regular army.
There were about sixty men in the class
of ’9B at "the Point.” Twenty-five per
cent of them are dead. The average age
of those still alive is less than forty years
which indicates that the mortality of the
others was unusually early. The causes
of twelve of the deaths are thus given by
Captain Ranlett:
Lieut. E. N. Benchley killed In battle (Santiago).
Capt. R.. B. Calvert assassinated (Philippine
Islands).
Lieut. C. Churchman killed in battle (Santiago).
Capt. W. Fiscus died of typhoid in service.
Lieut. G. D. Jarrett accidentally shot.
Lieut. R. D. Kerr died of disease in service
(Philippines).
Lieut. H. A. Lafferty died of wounds received
at Santiago.
Lieut. D. E. Lyle tiled of disease of the brain
caused by severities of service in Philippines.
Lieut. F. K. Meade died of typhoid (Philippines).
He had three times been wounded in action but
each time recovered.
Lieut. C. H. Munton died of disease of the
brain caused by sunstroke tn Philippines.
Lieut. W. L. Murphy killed In action (Luxon).
Capt. D. P. Wheeler killed in battle with Moros
(Mindanao).
This list speaks for itself. The only
moral that needs to be pointed is that men
as prominent as Mr. Carnegie ought to be
more careful of their language. Without
regard to whether one agrees in toto with
the peact advocates or not no cause is
helped-by arguments which are based bn
untrue premises.
Fish in Alaskan Waters.
Alaskan waters are alive with fish and
Japanese fishermen have rapidly increased their
operations in recent years. The anti-alien fish-
ing bill has passed both houses of the territorial
legislature of Alaska and is now in the hands
of the governor. California bars the Japs from
land privileges. Alaska from fishing privileges
and the end is not yet in sight. There are
troubles on the old man’s mind. No disrespect
is Intended as the old man in the mind’s eye
of the Record is Uncle Sam. His other name
Is Woodrow Wilson and he is the democratic
president of the United States.—Fort Worth
Record.
No Bluff at Tariff.
President Wilson has given it out that there
must be no bluffs in attempt to discredit the
new tariff regulations. If there are reductions
In workmen’s wages following the removal of
the tariff the president says he will investigate
the specific business and learn whether the de-
crease is ap economic necessity or is made for a
sinister purpose. His Haman’s gibbet Is con-
veniently within reach.—Temple Telegram.
Longest Tangent Known.
The longest stretch of railway in the world
without a curve is in New Zealand where there
is a line of railway a part of which goes for
a distance of 136 miles in a perfectly straight
line. This fact is remarkable when it is taken
into consideration that New Zealand is one of
the most difficult countries In the world for
railway construction as it is very mountainous
requiring sharp curves and very heavy grades.
—Ex.
Against Cotton Tariff.
Cotton planters are against the Underwood
tariff is the news that comes from New Or-
leans. After reading the story through how-
ever we find the spokesman for the cotton
planters is none other than a cotton exchange
operator. We will wait until we hear from
some real cotton grower and not a gambler in
futures before we accept the statement that
the measure is going to take millions away
from the growers of the South.—Denison
Herald.
THE SAN ANTONIO LIGHT
After the death of her husband
■ Frnu Helwig had moved to Leipzig.
They had been used to living in a
■ pretty little cottage surrounded hy
a garden at Plagewltz for Helwig
had been an energetic man and
made good money but after his
death the prospects or his widow
were anything but bright and sho
had a daughter to provide for as
well.
When the head of the family had
been given a decent funeral and all
debts paid the two who were left
behind had to make their living by
the work of their hands and that
was no easy matter. Both were rath-
e’ - spoiled and had not even been
used to doing their own housework;
Helweg had always opposed this. It
was with considerable anxiety that
they thought of the future.
They hired a flat of three rooms
of which they used two themselves
while the third was to be let fur-
nished to a young gentleman.
They dreaded getting an unrelia-
ble lodger such $s a light-living
student but at last they picked up
courage enough to insert an ad in
the "Leipzlcger Nachriehten.” The
next day there appeared a tall
blond pale gentleman with black
hair hnd dreaming eyes. He was very j
gentlemanlike but remarkably grave ’
in his thanners. In the end they I
came.to an agreement and the young '
man took the rooms.
Shortly afterwards ne called on
his landlady. He liked the room im-
mensely. he said paid >his rent and
just before leaving he asked if he
might offer the ladies two free tick-
ets to the new theater. He played in
the orchestra and very often had
tickets to give away.
Frau Helweg thanked him and
asked him to stay and have a cup of
ccffee. When Kurt salten left the
two ladies knew that he was all
alone in the world and that he was ■
a most charming young man.
After that day they were often
together. Salten stayed at home and
chatted with the ladies for hours
over their embroidery.
Often he played to tnem and fre-
quently he gave them tickets to the
theater.
After a few weeks the mother no-
ticed a change in her daughter; she
made believe that she had discovered
nothing. She was silent but used her
eyes well.
Kurt and*Louise loved each other.
They had never talked about lov*.
but one day when they were alone he
found express on for his feeling.
It was late in the Afternoon and
the setting sun filled the room with
a warm glow.
Kurt took his violin and played
Haendels Largo Arioso which
seemed like a message from a world
full of love purity and beauty.
When he had finished playing he
saw that Louise was crying. He went
up to her laid his arm around her
shoulders and kissed her lips.
From that day th<y were secretly
engaged.
They said nothing about it. even
to Frau Helweg.
Months passed. The young couple
enjoyed the sweetness of their love
and the mother still acted as if she
knew nothing.
Then at the beginning of March
The Light's Daily Story
LARGO ARIOSO.
a cousin of Frau Helweg paid them
a visit. He was a Herr Wilhelm
Walther from Berlin very wealthy
and a childless widower. Before he
left he asked Frau Helweg to come
to Berlin with her daughter and
take charge of his household.
Faur Helweg pondered long. The
offer was a very tempting one and
at last she consented.
To Kurt it appeared as if all the
joy had suddenly left his life but
Louise was radiant at the prospect
of a pleasant and luxnrlous exist-
ence. She tried to cheer Kurt tell-
ing him that she would remain faith-
ful to him forever.
At first she wrote him every week
and her letters were full of en-
thusiasm over he glorious life she
led and of praise of Herr Waithen
who introduced her Into society and
whom she always accompanied to
balls and concerts; He had given her
beautiful pearls and diamonds and
gowns like those of a royal princess.
Then her letters grew shorter
every time and at last the letter
came which he had expected and
dreaded.
She asked him to give her back
her word as Walther had proposed
to her. She asked him to forgive her
but she felt it was her duty to ac-
cept him for her mother's sake.
He smiled bitterly. How he had
misjudged her. Now Ails dream of
: love and happiness was over for-
| ever.
With a heavy heart he wrote the
last letter to her and mailed it.
Three years later Kurt Salten had
become a world famous artist. His
great suffering had made a true ar-
tist. He lived only for his art.
For the first time he was to play
in Berlin. The great concert hall
was crowded to honor the r.ost fa-
mous violinist of the country
At last he appeared and the house
greeted him with tnundering ap-
plause. With a melancholy expres-
sion he looked at the many strange
fa ccs.
He played one piece and the ap-
plause made the whole building
tremble. Suddenly he saw a face he
had been trying not to think of for
years. He felt the emotion threaten-
ing to kill him. Everything was alive
once more all wounds open all his
old pains had returned. Then he
had an Idea.
Largo Arioso!
He played it as he had never
played it before. The tones that came
from his Stradivatlus were almost
superhuman an echo from a world
more beautiful more noble.
The same evening Walther said
to his mother-in-law: ’’Louise is
dreadfully nervous. We ought not to
have gone to that concert.”
But Frau Helweg said with a
smile:
"Oh. that is nothing. One must
not take such attacks too seriously.
A few days later Louise was no
longer nervous and she did not take
anything too seriously.
There was a time when London was ac-
tively planning to be a “city beautiful '
Plans are still In existence which had
they been adopted would have resulted
in a really magnificent city. Sir Christo-
pher Wren prepared a set Immediately
after the great fire though private inter-
ests prevented their adoption. It was pur-
posed to build main thoroughfares 30
feet wide to Insulate alb the churches In
conspicuous positions form large piazzas
and group the halls of alt the city com-
panies tn a handsome square annexed to
Guildhall. Finally a fine quay was to oc-
cupy the bank of the river from Black-
friars to the tower.
TIRE TROUBLE
The Isle of Pines
Letter ts New York Times.
In a recent issue there Is a special
cable from Havana on the subject of
the Isle of Pines that is such an ex-
traordinary distortion of facts that I
ask your courtesey in printing this
tetter.
Your correspondent says: ‘‘The
government (Le. the Cuban govern-
ment) will show that a majority of
the actual residents of the Isle of
Pines are Cubans and not Amer-
icans."
This is untrue. The American
residents number over four thousand
and are increasing rapidly every
mrmth. while the Cubans number
only about one thousand of whom a
large proportion are colored—more
or less.
Again he says: ‘‘The Americans
are exempt from taxation as they
do not Improve their property.” Why.
that is just what we are here to do!
There are at present some thousands
of acres set to citrus fruit and pine-
apples. Over 90 per cent of the
island Is owned by Americans while
the Cubans have never even at-
tempted to improve their holdings
beyond planting a few small patches
of corn and cassava for their own
consumption. Meanwhile the entire
political power rests in the hands of
the Cuban negro minority.
The custom house receipts have
multiplied over twenty-fold in the
last seven years and we derive no
benefit whatsoever from the pros-
perity we have created. When we]
need roads and bridges we turn out!
and make them ourselves and our
schools are supported entirely by
voluntary contributions. The Cuban
government does absolutely nothing
for us except to collect money from
us in taxes which are none the less
heavy because they are Indirect.
I am not an American citizen and
have no special interest in the an-
nexation question but I have lived
here four years and can claim to
know something of the facts.
PURE WHITE MOOSE.
From tho Fort Worth Record.
The skin and head of a magnifi-
cent pure white moose arrived in
Seattle recently on the steamship
Northland from Cordova. Alaska.
The albino moose was killed )on
Kenall peninsula March 1. by Ezra
Higgins a trapper and hunter. The
fate of the white moose was closely
guarded in Alaska and the story
not made public until after the
Northland left Cordova.
The Thlinket Indians cherished an
old tradition that this or a similar
white moose was the spirit bf an
Indian maiden the daughter of a
'beloved chief. One winter day the
girl left the village for a visit to an-
other and became bewildered in a
blizzard and was never seen again.
After the great storm had passed
over searching parties went into the
ravines of Kenall peninsula to search
foi tho maiden. When in the woods
a beautiful snow white moose sprang
out of a thicket and dashed away.
Year after year the Indians have
worshipped the albino moose and
from time to time the animal has
been seen. Now that an albino moose
has been killed the Indians will miss
it unless as many hunters think
there are several in that section. The
mounted skin will be placed in the
university museum.
MAY 15 1913.
Observant Citizen
There were three in the party.
One was a wealthy carriage uealer;
lone was a lawyer—not quite so
I wealthy and the third one was not
I wealthy at all—he was an Episcopal
clergyman. However they were all
going to the.same town and so were
waiting together on the platform of
the Sunset station for the north-
bound Katy train.
The wealthy carriage dealer and
the lawy r who not quite so
wealthy but who had enough to be
able to travel in comfort were vie-
ir.g with one another in making the
■clergyman who was not wealthy at
all feel ill at ease. The carriage
dealer proposed that they should
lake a Pullman; the lawyer went
him one better and proposed that
they should take an entire section
whereupon the carriage dealer sug-
' gested that they should consHdeß
| themselves the gue«ts of the clergy-
man who by the way was saying
nothing but who was wondering it
they did. how in the world he was
ever to get back home.
A train rolled up to the platform
( and the carriage dealer and the law-
i yer led the unwilling minister to
I the Pullman haughtily brushed
aside the porter who demanded to
see their tickets and entered tha
smoking room of the train still en-
joying to the fullest their compan-
ion’s evident embarrassment.
Presently ten or fifteen minutes
after the train had started the con-
ductor appeared upon the scene and
the minister timidly asked him the
price of three seat fares to San Mar-
cos. which was the objective point
of the journey hoping against hope
that there would be enough in his
pocketbook to stand the expense.
"San Marcos?” asked the conduc-
tor.
"Yes” said the minister while the
two others looked on with delight.
"If you are going to San Marcos”
said the conductor as he reached
for the bell rope "you want tha
Katy. This is the 8. P. P.”
An hour and a half or two hours
later three hot and tired pedestrians
trudged into San Antomo from the
east cursing the god of chance
which had led them to board the
wrong train—all except the minister.
Hd was ; ying nothing. i
T. P. aAiEETING.
From the New York World.
Texas newspaper men will assem-
ble at San Antonio for a session of
three days. There promises tu be a
large attendance this year. There
are no brighter men in newspaper-
dem than those who make the daily
and weekly newspapers of this im-
perial state. Many of the brightest
minds are be found in weekly
newspaper offices and the majority
of the successful newspaper writers
and publishers of Texas began their
careers 1“ the small towns. An In-
teresting procram has been provid-
ed. and the annual meeting of the
press association will be well worth
tho while in every way. San Antonio
is famed for its hospitality. It is the
city beautiful as well as the city his-
toric. Its newspapers are represen-
tative and the men who make them
are as noted for their progressive-
ism as their city is famed for the
hospitality and urbanity of its peo-
ple.
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Diehl, Charles S. & Beach, Harrison L. The San Antonio Light (San Antonio, Tex.), Vol. 34, No. 114, Ed. 1 Thursday, May 15, 1913, newspaper, May 15, 1913; San Antonio, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth1595678/m1/4/: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu.; .