Galveston Tribune. (Galveston, Tex.), Vol. 39, No. 247, Ed. 1 Wednesday, September 10, 1919 Page: 1 of 12
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GALVESTON TRIBUNE
0
GALVESTON, TEXAS, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 10, 1919—TWELVE PAGES.
NO. 247.
VOL. 39.
AUSTRIAN DELEGATES SIGN PACT FIGHT TO RATIFY PACT ENTERS
NEW PHASE IN SENATE OF U. S
PERSHING LEADS
WILSON SPENDS DR. RENNER AFFIXES SIGNATURE
)
TO DOCUMENT LAID BEFORE HIM
FIRST DIVISION
DAY IN TRAVEL
NUMEROUS CHANGES PROPOSED
ALL Accounted FOR.
TO GUARD AMERICAN RIGHTS
i
STEEL WORKERS
SEND MESSAGE
4
CONNECTION IS DIRECT.
FOUR COUNTIES ACCEPT.
0
4
FIREMEN THREATEN STRIKE.
NEGRO PUT TO DEATH.
I
EMBARGO IS LIFTED.
LONDON EDITOR RESIGNS.
Don’t Want Aviators to
Cross Border.
THE WEATHER
36 CENTS MINIMUM.
V
B
BOSTON COPS STRIKE;
DISORDERS RAMPANT
Winds on Texas coast: Light to
moderate variable.
Brilliant Parade Down
• Fifth Avenue.
Fpr Nationalization of Coal
Mines.
Situation Growing More
Serious.
Flower of the American
Army Marches.
Forfy-five Amendments and Four Reservations Are
Stipulated in Majority Report-to Be Dis-
cussed in Open Session.
Easier Living Depends on
Peace.
I
Brief Ceremony Brings War Between Germany’s Ally
and Entente Allies and Associated Pow-
ers to a Close.
MEXICANS PROTEST
AGAINST PLANES
CROWNING MILITARY
SPECTACLE OF WAR
Union Officers Hint at
Strike.
faith, encourage conflicts and generate wars.”
The reservations propose:
DIRECT CONNECTION
DECLARED TO EXIST
BRITISH UNIONS
REGISTER VIEWS
WILL AWAIT REPLY
AS TO CONFERENCE
By Associated Press.
Washington, Sept. 10.—President Wil-
son has been asked by representatives
of the union steel workers, in session
here considering’ a strike, for a more
definite statement as to the possibliity
of an early conference being arranged
between the heads of the United States
Steel corporation and the unions.
The conference here will remain in
session 48 hours awaiting a reply be-
fore taking final action. It is not inti-
mated what action would be taken if
the union men considered the presi-
dent’s reply unfavorable.
Conditions in the steel industry were
said to be becoming steadily worse and
the union officers declared it would be
impossible to restrain their men much
longer. .
YOUR PATRIOTIC DUTY
SAVE AND BUY
WAR SAVINGS STAMPS
and THRIFT STAMPS
The First National Bank
1865—OF GALVESTON.—1919
By Associated Press.
On Board President Wilson’s Special
Train, Sept. 10.—President Wilson was
heading due west today on one of the
longest legs of his country-wide speak-
ing tours for the peace treaty. Nearly
the whole day was given over to travel,
the only stop on his scheduled being a
short one at Bismarck, N. D.
Makes Short Stop at Bis-
mark, N. D.
New Orleans, Sept. 10.—Committee
recommendations that thirty-six cents
for September cotton with an increase
of half a cent a pound a month until
forty cents is reached for May be set
as a minimum price for cotton were
indorsed at a’meeting late Tuesday of
cotton producers, held under the aus-
pices of the American Cotton associa-
tion.
A resolution also was adopted urging
that another meeting be called to dis-
cuss a higher minimum price.
St. Germain, Sept. 10.—(By the Associated Press).—Dr. Karl
Renner, head of the Austrian delegation to the peace conference,
signed the treaty of peace between the allied and associated powers
and the Austrian republic at’ 10 :15 o’clock this morning.
When all the delegates present had seated themselves at the
round table Dr. Renner was introduced with the same formality that
was obsrved when the Germans entered the hall of mirrors at Ver-
sailles on June 28. Georges Clemenceau,-president of the peace
conference, then arose and opened the session, asking Dr. Renner
to affix his signature to the treaty and annexes and announcing the
delegates would then be called in the order in which they were
named in the preamble of the document.
The delegates of Rumania and Jugo-Slavia did not sign the Aus-
trian treaty today because they are awaiting instructions from their
government, says the Havas agency. The supreme council, it adds,
has given them until Saturday to make known their definite
More Definite Statement
Is Sought.
By Associated Press.
Washington, Sept. 10.—Characterized as an alliance and not a
league which “will breed wars instead of securing peace,” the Ger-
man peace treaty including the covenant for a league of nations was
formally reported to the senate today by the foreign relations com-
mittee with 45 amendments and four reservations.
It will be the first great document of its kind to be discussed
in the open—without the confines of “executive session.”
. Accompanying the treaty was the majority report of the foreign
relations committee subscribed to by every Republican member
excepting Senator McCumber of North Dakota, explaining the
amendments and reservations all of which, it was declared, were
"governed by a single purpose and that is to guard American rights
and sovereignty, the invasion of which would stimulate breaches of
Cotton Producers Reach Decision
New Orleans. <
By Associated Press.
intention.
Dr. Renner bowed and smiled -graci-
ously as he approached the table and
bowed and smiled again to the dele-
gates after signing as he turned to
go to his seat.
Frank L. Polk, who succeeded Sec-
retary of State Robert Lansing as head
of the United States delegation, signed
after Dr. Renner and was followed by
Henry White and Gen. Bliss.
M. Clemenceau entered the room at
exactly 10 o’clock. He took his place
at
I
DECLARE TREATY WILL RREED WARS
By Associated Press.
Washington, Sept. 10.—Every
American soldier who became a
“casualty” in the war against
Germany at last' has been ac-
counted for.
A list of missing. and unac-
counted for which at one time
was as high as 25,905, gradually
was. reduced until for weeks it
remained at two. It is now pre-
sumed there is no doubt the two
soldiers are dead and they have
been so listed officially.
Of the total first reported miss-
ing 23 per cent died; 10 per cent
were found to be prisoners, 25
per cent were- lost from their or-
ganizations in the confusion of
battle but subsequently rejoined
them. The remainder were found
scattered through various hos-
petals.
HELP YOUR GOVERNMENT
by purchasing Thrift Stamps and
War Savings Certificates. For sale
at all banks and by all' postmen.
4% Interest, Compounded Quarterly.
HUTCHING, SEALY & CO.
BANKERS
(Unincorporated)
24th Strand
Easier Living Conditions Depends Upon
Peace.
By Associated Press.
St. Paul, .Minn., Sept. 10.—Readjust-
ment of the cost of living, President.
Wilson declared here yesterday, must
await the re-establishment of’ a com-
By Associated Press.
Boston, Sept. 10.—Lawlessness was
rampant in Boston today. Without ade-
quate police protection, private citi-
zens were left to their own resources
to protect their lives and property.
Since the police struck at 5:45 o’clock
yesterday afternoon there has been no
organized police power able to cope
with the situation that last night ap-
proached anarchy and today appeared
to grow more serious.
At 11:15 a. m. today the state guard
had not been called out and so far as
could be learned only'a handful of'the
higher officers in the police department
and an indefinite number of “volun-
teers” were making an effort to pre-
vent disorder.
Rowdyism started almost with the
walkout of the patrolmen last night.
Thousands of persons gathered about
Continued on Page Seven.
the coal mines. The motion, presented
by Robert Smillie, the miners’ leader,
was carried by a vote of 4,478,000
against 77,000.
Alleged to Have Slain Wife of Georgia
Farmer.
By Associated Press.
Athens, Ga., Sept. 10.—Obe Cox, ne-
gro, alleged murderer of the, wife of an
Oglethorpe county farmer, was cap-
tured by a posse today, taken to the
scene of the crime, his body riddled
with bullets and burned at the stake.
Several thousand persons witnessed the
scene.
Washington, Sept. 10.—In sharp con-
trast to recent experiences of American
aviators in flights along the border,
one American Qirplae forced to land
in the mountains near Ey Mimbre, Chi-
huahua, will be disassembled and
shipped to the border to be turned over
to the United States military authori-
ties, the Mexican embassy announced
today.
ing the war and physically restore in-
vaded areas. She is also to deliver up
to allied countries works of art and
objects of historic value, which were
carried away by the Austrians during
the conflict.
Austria’s army is reduced to 30,000
men on a purely voluntary basis and
all her military establishments are cut
down in a proportionate manner. The
entire Austrian naval fleet is to be
handed over to the allies, all ships un-
der construction being broken up and
the salvage is not to be used except for
industrial purposes.
The economic clauses and those rela-
tive . to freedom of transit are similar
to those of the German pact.
Questions relative to. the disposi-
tion of the city of Fiume are not set-
tled in the Austrian treaty, but Aus-
tria renounces in favor of the allied
and associated powers all her rights
and titles over territories formerly be-
longing to her which, though outside
the new frontiers of Austria, have not
at present been assigned to any state.
She undertakes to accept any settle-
ment made in regard to those terri-
tories.
By Associated Press.
Glasgow, Sept. 10.—By an over-
whelming vote the trades union con-
gress at today’s session adopted a reso-
lution favoring the nationalization of
Today’s. ceremony at St. Germain
brings to a close three months of ne-
gotiations between the Austrian re-
public and the allied and associated
powers. An incomplete draft of the con-
ditions of peace was handed the Aus-
trian delegates at St. Germain on June
2, the reserved sections relating to the
military, financial reparation and some
boundary features of the treaty being
presented on July” 20. The Austrian
government laid its counterproposals
before the peace conference last month
and the answer to the Austrian dele-
gation was made on Sept. 2. China,
which did not sign the treaty with
Germany because of the inclusion in
that convention of the section giving
to Japan the German rights and con-
cessions in the. province of Shantung
announced last week she would sign
the treaty with Austria so that she
would be able to join the league of na-
tions.
The Austrian republic, representa-
tives of which signed the treaty today,
is very different from the proud Aus-
tro-Hungarian empire of 1914. The for-*
mer provinces of Bohemia and Moravia
and a part of the duchy of Teschen
now form the republic of Czecho-Slo-
vakia. The remainder of the Teschen
and most of Galicia hdve been incor-
porated into Poland. /
All that remains of the former 'great
empire is what is known as German-
Austria, including Upper and Lower
Austria and parts of Styria and of I Ty-
rol.
Since the close of hostilities there
ha? been a movement afoot by which
Austria would be annexed by Germany.
By one of the most important clauses
of the treaty signed today this is for-
bidden.
The treaty does not stipulate an exact
sum to be paid in indemnities, but
this amount will be fixed by the repa-
rations commission on or before May 1,
1921, the commission also being em-
powered to determine the details of
the payments which will extend over
a period of thirty years. This sum
must be paid by the Austrian republic.
Austria must also replace ton for
ton all ships lost by the allies through
the activities of the Austrian navy dur-
FORECAST.
For Galveston
and vicinity:
Fair tonight and
Thursday.
For East Tex-
as: Genera lly
fair tonight and
Thursday.
For West Tex-
as: Genera lly
fair tonight and
Thursday.
For Oklahoma:
Generally fair
tonight and
Thursday.
Co-Operative Plan For Establishing
Health Departments.
By Associated Press.
Austin, Sept. 10.—Four Texas coun-
ties—Tarrant, Bell, Williamson and
Wichita—have accepted the co-opera-
tive plan of the state board of health
for the establishment of county health
departments, announced Dr. C. W. God-
dard, state health officer today. Un-
der the plan the state pays one-half of
the expense of establishing- and main-
tenance of these' departments. Bell
county accepted under the*old or for-
mer plan, but will come under the new
plan. One more county will be added
to the list, Dr. Goddard said.
By Associated Press.
Mexico City, Sept. 9.—An energetic
protest against American army air-
planes crossinig- the frontier into Mexi-
can tereritory has been addressed to
the United States state department by
the Mexican government, according to
Salvador Diago Fernandez, in charge of
the foreign affairs department. He said
that the acts protested against had
taken place in Sonora, Chihuahua,
Coahuila and Lower California.
By Associated Press.
London, Tuesday, Sept. 9.—Alfred G.
Gardiner, editor of the Daily News
since 1902, has resigned.
By Associated Press.
Fort Worth, Sept. 10.—The embargo,
which has prevented shipment of ev-
erything but necessaries of life to
Wichita Falls was lifted this morning,
by order of B. F. Bush of St. Louis, re-
gional director.
By Associated Press.
Boston, Sept. 10.—A strike of the city
firemen is threatened. President Dan- :
iel Looney of the firemen’s union, said
today that the firemen believed the
police union should exist and “what la-
bor demands of us we will deliver.]’
at the table with Frank L. Polk on his
’ right and A. J. Balfour, British sec-
retary of state for foreign affairs, on
his left.
Neither Premier Lloyd-George of
Great Britain nor Col. E. M. House of
the United States delegation, was pres-
ent. The British delegation was made
up of M. Balfour, Viscount Milner,
George Nicoll Barnes and Gen. Seeley.
The British delegates arrived soon aft-
er. Mr. Polk entered the room and there
i was a very animated conversation for
several I minutes, pending the arrival
of M. Clemenceau..
Mr. Polk was accompanied by his
wife. After the other American dele-
gates were seated Ignace Jan Pader-
ewski, the premier of Poland, entered
the room, his arrival provoking a flur-
ry of conversation. (
The signing of the treaty was fin-
ished at 11:15 o’clock. M. Clemenceau
then made a brief announcement that
the session was closed.
Delegates of the allied and associated
powers began arriving here at 9:45
o’clock this morning for the ceremony
of signing the treaty with Austria.
Tomasso Titton, Italian minister of
foreign affairs, was one of the first
to reach this city from Paris.
Jules Gambon and Louis Klotz of
the French delegation and Henry
White and Gen. Tasker H. Bliss, United
States, took their places at the round
table shortly before 10 o’clock. They
were joined almost immediately by the
representatives of Siam. The Ruman-
ian and Jugo-Slav delegates had not
arrived.
The Chinese delegates put in an ap-
pearance shortly before 10 o'clock.
ily should be ratified that trading with
Germany might begin, the report dis-
misses as “rather faded,” and declares
the United States has been trading
.with Germany since the signing of the
armistice in increasing volume. The
statement that trade cannot be resumed
until the treaty is ratified is character-
ized as a “mere deulsion."
“Before leaving this subject,” says
the report, "it may not be amiss to
remark that Mr. Lloyd-George has rer
cently made two important speeches
expressing grave apprehensions as to
the social and political, unrest and the
economic troubles now prevalent in
England. He seems to have failed to
point out, however, that the ratification
of the covenant of the league of nations
by, Great Britain had relieved the sit-
uation which he had described. He was
apparently equally remiss in omitting
to suggest that prompt action by the
senate of the United States in adopt-
ing th© covenant of the league of na-
tions would immediately lower the price
of beef.
BRITISH EMPIRE’S VOTE.
"The first amendment offered by the
committee relates to the league. It is
proposed so to amend the text as to
secure for the United States a vote
in the assembly of the league equal to
that of any other power. Great
Britain now has, under the name of the
British empire, one vote in the council
of the league. She has four additional
votes in the assembly of the league
for her self-governing dominions and
colonies, which are most properly mem-
bers of the league and signatories ‘to
the treaty. She also has the vote of
India, which is neither a self-govern-
ing dominion or a colony, but merely
a part of the empire, and which appar-
ently was simply put in as a signatory
and member of the league by the peace
conference because Great Britain de-
sired it. Great Britain also will con-
trol the votes of, the kingdom of Hejaz
and of Persia. With these last two,.of
course, we have nothing to do. But
if Great Britain has six votes in the
league assembly no reason has occurred
to the committee and no argument had
been made to show why the United
States should not have an equal num-
ber. If other countries like the pres- |
ent arrangement, that is not our affair;
but the committee failed to see why
the United States should have but one
vote in -the assembly of the league
when the British empire has six.
SHANTUNG PROVISION.
“Amendments 39 to 44, inclusive,
transfer to China the German lease and
rights, if they exist, in the Chinese
province of Shantung. which aye giv-
en by the treaty to Japan, The ma-
jority of the committee were not will-
ing to have their votes recorded at any
stage in the proceedings In favor of
the consummation of what they consid-
er a great wrong. They cannot assent
to taking the property of a faithful
ally, and handing it over to another
ally in the fulfillment of a bargain
made by other powers in a secret
treaty. It is a record which they ar©
not willing to present to their fellow
citizens or leave behind them for the
contemplation of their children.
“Amendment number 2 is simply to
provide that where a member of the
league has self-governing dominion
and colonies which are also members
of the league, the exclusion of the dis-
putants under th© league rules shall
cover the aggregate vote of the mem-
ber of the league and its self-govern-
ing dominions and parts of empire com-
bined if any one of them is involved
in the controversy.
“The remaining- amendments,, with a
single exception, may be treated as one.
Continued on Page Seven
By Associated Press.
New York, Sept. 10.—With Pershing
at their head and with the cross of war
twinkling on their storied banners, the
First division of regulairs marched
down Fifth avenue today. The colors
of three regiments of infantry were
twined with the fourragere of France,
symbol of gallantry, and on the breasts
of ’hundreds of marchers were the gay
ribbons betokening medals bestowed
for heroism.
, It was the crowning military spec-
tacle of the world war for New York
and it was unique in American annals.
Behind the stalwart doughboys, their
bayonets gleaming, rumbled field ar-
tillery of every type, and back of the
gun came the divisional trains. In the
surging, swinging, rythmic stream
which poured down the avenue were
25,000 men, full panoplied for battle,
the flower of the American army.
“PERSHING’S OWN.”
At the head of the five-mile line rode
the commander of all the soldiers un-
der the stars and stripes. Behind him
as a guard of honor swung “Pershing’s
own,” the composite regiment of six-
foot infantry men who had followed
him through the flower decked streets
of foreign capitals.
Enormous crowds have packed Fifth
1 avenue in days gon© by, for this was
the fourth division New York has seen
on’ the march, but never in the city’s
history lias such a multitude turned out
for any pageant. It was a, holiday for
the metropolis and it seemed that all
New York was there, with half the na-
tion besides.
The broad avenue was banked from
the far end of Central parrk to Wash-
ington square with dense masses of
humanity. Thousands stood where
there was only room for hundreds.
Myriads waited for hours under leaden
skies, when they knew they had no
hope, of seeing the procession. Every
window and every roof along the way
was packed with spectators. Countless
thousands stood at the eastern , edge of
Central park a,nd at least 100,000 sat in
the city's grandstand and those erected
by' speculators. The cheapest seats
were $5, but the last of them were sold
hours before the starting bugle
sounded.
With the gathering of the great host,
almost before daybreak the scene was
set for the most thrilling- and pic-
turesque1 review the city ever wit-
nessed.
CULMINATES RECEPTION.
For Gen. Pershing it was the cul-
mination of a long series of scenes of
adulation. He said he was over-
whelemd by the reception given him
when he set foot on the shores of Man-
hattan Monday, but even that paled
into insignificance compared with the
frenzied greeting that was his today.
He was the commanding hero in an
army of heroe.
plete peace basis which will put labor
and capital on their feet.
In two addresses, the president as-
serted that the connection between
acceptance of the peace treaty and
amelioration of living conditions was
a direct one, and , that the world was
looking to America to take the lead
in restoring the world to a sound
economic basis.
Mr. Wilson spoke in the morning at
a special.session of the Minnesota leg-
islature and in the evening at a public
meeting 1 at the St. Paul auditorium.
During the afternoon he also addressed
a meeting in Minneapolis.
For his night meeting here the pres-
ident found the auditorium filled to
capacity.
Opening his speech, Mr. Wilson said
there were no political considerations
in his speech-making trip for the
ttreaty. It was an American issue, he
declared, and he had come out to the
people, rather to “hold counsel” than
to make a fight against anybody.
Despite the varied national origins
of the people of America, said the pres-
ident, a distinctly American type had
been developed and one of the distinc-
tions of that type wa the belief in
equality, as contrasted with the class
distinctions of the other countries.
Adding that there were “a great
many hyphens” left in America, the
president declared a “hyphen” the “most
un-American trait” to be found in the
country.
Just as the soldier of the Civil war
' had saved the country, Mr. Wilson said,
the American soldier “in this war had
saved the world." And just as a great
thing had really been born from the
Civil war, so "a greater thing would
result from the sacrifices of the last
few years.”
Saying that, of course, the league
would not be an absolute gurantee
against war, Mr. Wilson asked whether
it would not be worth while if it re-
duced the probability ©ven by 10 per
cent. There were many cries of “yes,
yes” over the hall and their burst of
cheers. The crowd cheered again
when the- president added “I think it
reduces it about 99 per cent.”
The president said it was a duty of
the United States to lead the way in
“peaceful production and that could
be done best under the labor section
- of the treaty. Under that section, he
said, a great international labor con-
ference would be held in Washington
in October, whether the treaty had
been ratified or not. •
“The only question is,” said he,
"whether we shall have a seat in the
conference or one on the outside.”
“An absolute, unclouded confidence,”
that the treaty would be ratified was
expressed by the president, and he
asked the people to assert their influ-
ence.
“I know what you want,” he said,
“say it and get it.” Tell me you don’t
want to do what I’m urging and I’ll go
home.”
“There were cries of “no” and “go
to it,” and the crowd rose and cheered
After the president sat down, Mayor
Hodgson asked the crowd to signify
“by saying aye” if they were in favor
of the league of nations covenant.
A tremendous chorus of “ayes” was
the response.
1. Unconditional right to withdraw- from the league.
2. Declination by the United States to accept any of the legal
or moral obligations of the much discussed Article 10, or to accept
any mandatory from the league "except by action of the congress
of the United States.”
3. Reserving to the United States the exclusive right to decide
what questions are within its own. domestic jurisdiction.
4. Absolute reservation of the Monroe Doctrine to the judg-
ment of the United States alone.
The principal amendments are pro-
posed to provide:
Equal voting power for. the United
States with Great Britain in the as-
sembly of the league.
Giving to China instead of Japan th©
province of Shantung.
Relief of the United States from hav-
ing representatives on commissions de-
ciding matters in which it has no con-
cern.
Others Concern phraseology.
These amendments and reservations,
the majority report says, are submitted
“to preserve American independence
and American sovereignty and thereby
best service the welfare of mankind.”
FEARS GROUNDLESS.
Fears that other nations may not
accept an amended covenant the re-
port dismissed with the statement:
“That is one thing that certainly will
not happen. The other nations will
take us on our own terms, for with-
out us their league'is a wreck and all
their gains from a victorious peace are
imperilled.”
That the adoption of amendments
will necessitate ' reassembling of the
peace conference, the report denies,' as-
serting that the conference probably
will be in session for six months more
in Paris, and might as well be “at
least as usefully employed” as “they
now are in dividing and sharing south-
eastern Europe and Asia Minor.”
German delegates, the report con-
tends, could easily be brought to Paris,
and as Germany is not a member of the
league she need not be consulted about
changes of the covenant.
At the outset the majority report
deals at length with criticisms of de-
lay and points out that whereas the
peace conference took six months to
agree on the treaty, the senate for-
eign relations committee has had 47
working days. Demands for speed "in
the most important subject that ever
came before the senate of the United
States,” the report says were “largely
the work of the administration and its
newspaper organizations.”
“The. artificial demand” for haste, the
report said, “came from certain great
banking firms which had a direct pe-
cuniary interest in securing an early
opportunity to reap the harvest” in the
adjustment of financial obligations of
the warring countries. The third was
in the “unthinking outcry of many ex-
cellent people who desired early action i
and for the most part had never read
the treatly or never got beyond the
words ‘league of nations,’ which they
believed to mean the establishment of
eternal peace.” ‘
“To yield helplessly to this clamor,”
declared the report, “was impossible to
those to whom was introduced the per-
formance of a solemn public duty.”
SENATE’S RESPONSIBILITY.
Recalling the senate’s responsibility
as equal with the president’s, the re-
port recounts at some length the dif-
ficulties the foreign relations commit-
tee experienced in getting information
on the treaty, being obliged to send to
Paris for maps, being compelled to
get “imperfect information from press
reports,” and having - at its disposal
few official documents. Collateral
treaties, having a bearing, the report
says, the committee was unable to get.
Of the. sum of information received in
conferences with President Wilson and
Secretary Lansing, the report remarks:
“The people themselves know how
much information ip regard to the
peace treaty was received by the com- ,
mittee upon those two occasions.” N -
While criticism for delay has been
aimed at the foreign relations commit-
tee, the report points out no action has
been taken by France, Japan or Italy.
The argument that the treaty speed-
I 'MOMPER.1--
WAAT t’LLQE
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Galveston Tribune. (Galveston, Tex.), Vol. 39, No. 247, Ed. 1 Wednesday, September 10, 1919, newspaper, September 10, 1919; (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth1596613/m1/1/: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu.; crediting Rosenberg Library.