The San Antonio Light (San Antonio, Tex.), Vol. 41, No. 172, Ed. 1 Sunday, July 10, 1921 Page: 18 of 44
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6-B
What Happened in Greece?
lere Is a Story That Venizelos and Constantine Were
In a Clever Scheme to Assure Nation’s Future.
fl KHAM K. NOUEKWBt.L.
Mrlal CeereepooOese* •< Th* Sms Ah »nl.
”u<h’ a»« G>* Chle*so Della N***
Fart*. France. Jane. Ik^-Xothing per-
•pe b more astonishing among politi-
•l event* Una th* noctnation in the
Mtnae* of UrW’ *lnce the srmiMiro.
1 eoentry which tea yearn •««««•
«ff oriental peasant land of J.OW.WU
wpulatKi; er le*. became in 191 J a
latioa of 7.00“000. started on a vic-
erioua campaign of conquest which
eased to be leading to an empire on
TO continent*. with commeicial hegc-
May of the Eastern Mediterranean and
•ring for its business capital one of
be half down leading commercial cities
f the world tbe matchless resplendent
stria of empire—Constantinople. Then
-rifle shots and cheers tbe return of
be king the attack on tbe Turks and
■ finest . .
Every person with an axe to grind
is reedy to tall you j«»t why Greece •
misfortune baa come upon her. To
tbe French politician it is because of
her “ingratitude' toward Vesiselo* or
her “ireaebery” in recalling King Con-
stantine- To the Constantinist it w be-
cause the entente failed to rapport its
ally and its own best interests in with-
drawing support on the ere of war
against Kemal. To the \enisehst in
Greece it is because the Constantinist
government cashiered tbe \rniseh-t of-
ficers and put inexperienced Koyahsts
In their pieces. But tbe non-party ob-
server sees more than one reason to ac-
count for the present situation.
Tbe Greek Veniseliats do not accept
tbe French theory that it is tbe pun-
ishment for treachery. They were heart-
ily in favor of the general attack on
tbe Turks made in March by the < on-
stantinist government. They boas.eJ
as loudly as the Royalists that toe
Greek armies would hare "a military
promenade to Angora.' Though th*r
bated Constantine they thoroughly ap-
proved of bis policy. And Greek Roy-
alists similarly do not accept tbe b rencb
tbeo-y that Greece’s moment of great-
wa« dur primarily to A raiirlo*.
They any that not Ven nelos’ diplomacy
bet Greece’s geographical position
brought her aft those windfalls of ter-
ritory which the allies did not know
bow to dispose of otherwise. Greece
even under Constantine would Lave re-
Thrac*. which could not well be
‘ left either to tbe enemy Bulgaria or the
eßemy Turkey. Greece even under
Coaatant.ne. would have been made “the
gendarme of tbe entente' to make the
punitive exnedition against Kemal
which none of tbe western armies wou.u
undertake and to receive a slice of Ana-
tola in return. And Greece-even un-
der Constantine ha. as good a /hence
as ever to receive Constantinople if it
should suit the rather devious purposes
of the entente.
The truth is that any snap Judg-
ment oa Greece is likely to be wrong
because tbe world In general does not •
understand the complex nature of the j
Greek people. Tbe world was mysti-
fied by tbe intrigues of Constantine and j
by th* repudiation of Venixelos. First
becfUM* allied pronafinda and after- •
ward Venizelist propaganda threw a
veil over the true state of affairs. In
reality Greece never groaned under the
"tpnnnr" of Constantine never elsm-
erad to come into the war on the side
of tbe allien never wanted a repub- i
lit never hailed Venizelos as her de I
liverrr.
■ ■
Of Course in sober reality now that .
the war is over there is no reason why
this should not be told I the government ।
of Veniseloa was a simple military
despotism made possible by tbe guns of I
tbe allies and maintained witbout re-
gard to tbe constitution by an extraor-
diaary series of arbitrary «nd tyrann -
cal act*. Please do not take this
statement as a declaration of partisan-
ship for one side against tbe other- The
farts here stated ar* simply net de
aied by any one in Athens in private
eoavursation. They do not contradict
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SUNDAY.
the tosaibility that Veaiseloa was per-
haps justified in taking extraordinary
measures la time of crisis when the
national existence of tbe ollies and of
■Greece was at stake. They do not de-
tract from Veniselos’ remarkable quali-
ties as statesman and diplomat. But
they are necessary to an umlcrstand-
ing of what baa since happened.
American*. accustomed to live un-
der a republic cannot understand the
religious devotion of the Greek people
towarf Constantine. They cannot un-
derstaud bow mystic a love tbe Greek*
held for a man for whom they prayed
every Bunday in church to whom every
male of militaiy age took an oath of
I>crsonal allegiance with whom they
sustained a religious relationship for
whose sanctity they were held responsi-
ble to tbeir God. Americans cannot
understand how the intensely individual-
ist Greeks quarrelsome and defiant ever
since the days of Pesistratus resented
the measures icpreasive of Individual
liberty which Venizelos was obliged to
institute in order to carry his regime
through the war and the critical months
following.
The mystic strain in the Greek peo-
ple always perplexes the foreign observ-
er. Tie Greeks believe themselves in
some sense a chosen people of the
Creator. They will tell you quite calm-
ly in ordiuarv conversation: “We are
the salt of tbe earth.” They firmly
believe themselves direct descendants
and inheritors of the ancient Hellenes
an assertion which in spite of tbe many
abilities of the Greek people is far
from being historically accurate. In
nearly all Grrok bouses beside the pic-
ture of the kmg you will find engrav-
ings showing tbe battles of tbe war of
Greek independence with the Creator
sitting in the heavens and blessing the
Greek troops. To so self-assertive and
mystic a people as the Greeks such
a picture is merely the exact represen-
tation of tbe literal truth.
But along with mystie.sm and indi-
vidualism there is a shrewdness a mer-
curial mental facility which simply
takes the foreigner’s breath away. Presi-
dent Wilson paid public tribute to the
shrewdness of Veniaeloe. Every Amo
ican burincss man who has been In
Greece is awed by this quality in tbe
modern Hellene*. Therefore tbe fol-
lowing remarkable story does not neem
improbable to those who hare lived In
Greece. It is a story which can never
he proved true But it is believed by a
large iiereentage of tbe people in Greece
and by highly placed and responsible
officials of the allied and associated
governments who are thoroughly fa-
miliar with Greek affairs.
The story is simply this: That Con-
strjUusc and Venizelos were in cahoots.
IWJS^
~ start. Toda y
J | AcU Loew’s
FIVE TREMENDOUS ACTS
—ONLY VAUDEVILLE IN SAN ANTONIO—-
JACK SYMONDS | H^lL O
^^Man fore Bits
DONALD & Wit* EdGINGRAS
DONALDA & CO.
’AWeeßitof S®' if '"'The &
Blarneuand •AfeHreA Militarij
Killarney f MovieXV Athlete*
—Special Screen Attraction—
JACK PICKFORD
With the Tantalizing “Baby Vamp”
SHANON DAY
—IN —
“THE MAN WHO HAD EVERYTHING”
‘f/I" GOLD—CHESTS OF IT—HIDDEN AT jriUH
THE BOTTOM OF ' I
before. “V et Geld” will hold you spellbound. 11
RIALTO I gM
That they agreed at the bcg.nning of
the war to take opposite sides in order
that Greece might come in on the side
of tbe winner at the critical moment
and share in tbe spoils of war. That
they made a secret paet that each
■•mining hln*»elf to ^peak for the
Creek oation. waa to work publicly for
Greek alliance with tbe respective com-
batanta in the world war. to anathe-
matise each other to create cirii strife
and if necessary eivil war to become
aa event* might necessitate dictator or
exile—and all for the glory of < I recce.
And so Greece got the spoils sod
then got her king too. But then some-
thing happened — defeat came and
brought with it much disillusionment.
MAYFIELD FOR SENATE
ANNOUNCES INTENTION
TO FIGHT CENTRALISM
State Rail Commitsion
Wants to Take Culber-
son’s Place.
Austin. Tex . July •.—Announcement
was made today by Earle B.’Mayfield
of his candidacy for United States sen-
ator from Texas the post held by Sen-
ator Charles A. Culberson for many
years. Mr. Mayfield baa been and is
now a member of the railroad commis-
sion and derotes considerable space in
his announcement to the rate question.
He reviews this question since the
days of the creation of tbe commission
and shows that since the enactment of
the federal transportation act. tbe state
commissions bare been virtually robbed
of tbeir rate-making powers and that
this power Las been transferred to tbe
Interstate Commerce Commission.
Mr. Mayfield declares flatly for state
rights and deplores tbe “demon of een-
tralism. absolutism and despotism.”
“Ungrateful indeed to the people
would I be. did I not put forth my
very best efforts to save tbe railroad
commission of Texas when the Inter-
state Commerce Commission is under-
taking to strangle it to death." said
Mr. Mayfield. “When that duty has
been performed and I hare made the
best fight for tbe people of which I am
capable. I shall be perfectly satisfied
with their verdict at tbe polls."
Further he states: “A Democrat in
the I’nited States senate from Texas
though the machinery of tbe govern-
ment is in control of Republicans can
render our people a substantial ser-
vice by making a fight for tbe right of
the states to regulgte purely local com-
merce. because tbe transportation ques-
tion is not a party question and iq
vuch a fight b* would hare the MV
port of the progressire element of the
Republican party."
THE SAN ANTONIO LIGHT.
The Beys Lose Out in Albania
Spirit of Democracy Shows a Rapid Gain.
By KDC.tR AM»KL MOH KKK.
BpecUl Corrnpondsnc* to The tian Antonio
Liaut an.i The chioaao Halls Nst
Tirana. Albania. June 10.—W hen the
Albanian parliament voted recently to
abolish "foreign titles”—the only titles
in use were the Turkish titles of pasha
bey and effendi—it marked a social rev-
olution of importance. To those who
understand this was an index of tbe
strong desire of the little slate to mod-
ernize itself oud follow in tbe footsteps
—for better or for worse—of tbe west.
It meant in practice the abolition of a
recognized feudalism which in a modi-
fied form has existed down to this day.
Feudalism was planted in Albania by
tbe Normans in early times and was
preserved by the Turks aa an easy
mmn* of maintaining their domination.
"Albanian noble families take the
name of tbe locality where they arc aet-
tleu or of tbe founder of tbe house.
Whet a family is unique in a locality it
is aiways known by the name of that lo-
cality. These noble families only inter-
marry with those of other regions mar-
riMtes never take place between the
noble family and families or lewer rank
in th<* country. The head of a family ia
regarded as the father of the locality."
Thus Ismail Kemal Bey. in his mem-
oirs. describes the situation in Albania.*
But he neglects to mention 'that tbe
"noMe” families preserved tbeir author-
ity and nobility under tbe Turks solely
because they lent themselves as instru-
mints of foreign oppression. A* such
tbeir value to their country was some-
thing less than zero.
iHiub'less in the days before tbe
Tuiks it was different George Kas-
iMtMPIPR
.X^l^q/PARAMOUNT AND REALART PICTURES??
Starting The Sweetnew and Bitterness of
TODAY Life Revealed in a Poignant
For 3 Days PrMna
—With a Peerless Cost Including—
HOBART BOSWORTH DORIS MAY MILDRED
MANNING CHARLES MEREDITH
WALLACE MACDONALD
“TORCHY IN HIGH”
EMPIRE SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA
"WHERE ITS ALWAYS COOL”
triotis called Skaudbcg defended his
country against the invading Orientals
with marvelous skill and tenacity. He
was feudal lord of Cruja a small place
near Tirana.
l’asha and bey are with the Turks
purely administrative titles. In Albania
the second became hereditary. Through-
out the century there were until a few
days ago hundreds of beys. It was
hardly an honor to hold such a title.
For as Ismail admits whenever tbe old
“noble" families proved intractable they
were destroyed by the Turkish authori-
ties. "people of obscure origin being
pushed forward to tbe detriment of tbe
old noble families."
The position of a leading bey was pre-
cisely that of a feudal lord during the
middle ages. He was the recognised
governor of bis district under tbe Turk-
ish administration; be coihmauded and
to a large extent protected his tenants
and subjects. When a bey entered a
public square all persons seated were
supposed to rise and every Friday ail
of bis immediate tenants went to kiss
sis hand. Hons of lesser families were
)iis compsnions and servants and he
was raised to play a leading part in the
service of his Turkish sultan.
The large role filled by these Albanian
beys in the administration of tbe Turk-
ish empire has not been sufficiently un
.derstood. Tbe beys were all Mussul-
mans. of course but in exchange for
tbeir services to the empire the Turks
were glad to leave in their hands a
large measure of local autonomy under
which Christian as well as Moslem Al-
banians benefited. On the other hand.
tbe revival of Albanian national con-
scidusucM was retarded and it is in part
to the beys that Albania owes her slow-
ness in awakening to a desire for na-
tional life. Once the national conacious-
neu took firm root tbe beys sought to
suppress it
The worst of the beys of this transi-
tion period was tbe notorious Essad
I’Sshs Toptani of Tirana. Essad hnd
been a trusted officer of tbe Turks.
But in order to sell tbe town of Skutsri
to the Montenegrins who were besieg-
ing it Essad caused its brave defender.
Hassan Blm Pash* to be shot. During
the war this incorrigibly corrupt man.
who had |>articipated in ths overthrow
of tbe prince of Wied sold his country
to foreigners accepting money from and
protruding to serve nt the same time
Serbia France and Italy.
Beys of th* type of Essad were for-
tunately rare but they served to dis-
credit the feudal lords. It is significant
that tbe Albanian national democratic
Krty which may aoon control tbe par-
ment. was born with the intention of
destroying feudal privilege and establiah-
ing a republic.
The point at issue is social and eco-
nomic. Privilege createa corresponding
servility and today tbe beys legally re-
ducwl to the level of common eitlsens
wield an enormous social and corre-
siKindingly great political power. Bhef-
ket Bey Verlatzi deputy of ElbaaMn.
reputed to be the richest man in Al-
bania. is universally respected for bis
honesty but the nationalists point out
with heat that it is unnecessary to know
more than the opinion of one man from
Elbassan. since without exception the
other deputies from Elbnssan vote with
sum RUBE STUFF!
L TODAY Ye«—but if® about
hw- O»® Week a Hick With a
of Fun Kick
KL CHARLES
K RAY
Smith Russell's Great Stage Success
4 'Peaceful Valley”
—Music by^
ORCHESTRA
114 TIME
Frank Hernandez Cott-
ductor
Jy GRAND PIPE ORGAN
—Alao—
CLYDE COOK
In His Seafaring Comedy
“THE SAILOR”
»OYAI^ ■.
'^^g/PARAMOUNT AND REALART PICTURtSy
Starting for Three Days
TODAY
________ «
A Special Added ¥
Attraction
See the Original Picture ■■KgLj' B
Taken Under the Sea J I
TWENTY I
THOUSAND I Wll.l. —
I q OGERSi
. UNDERSEA F T
I UNWILLING HERO?
of the most remarkable “MUSIC f B
underwater photography THAT Mbted hotnOUINKYS hmous 1
ever taken. CHARMS” Story'WistlingDickiChrti^
Sbefkct. This political power tha na-
tional democrats would destroy.
Some of the beys are ezormvualy rich.
Tbe lamily of Vriool tn which the pres-
ent prime minister belongs own* no
fewer than forty eutire villages among
them tbe town of Fieri a large part of
their native Berat..houses in Avlona and
large agricultural distrfeta with thou-
sands of tenants. Tbe natioaslists.'
with an ideal of peasant proprietorship
would liana tew* tending to break up
the large estates.
Tbe economic situation varies greatly
throughout tbe country. Tbe north is
largely tribal nod communist each tribe
or clan having its imstures and forests
in common. The center Is feudalist and
divided into enormous estates upoa
which tbe peasants work for two-thirds
of the produce. The south where edu-
cation and American influences are
strong is unreservedly nationalist demo-
cratic. Most of tbe national democratic
deputies are from the south.
The present chamoer la about equally
divided between two parties—tbe demo-
crats from tbe south and tha beys from
tbe center. - Tbe extreme north has
not /et voted. It will decide which
party will govern.
But even should tbe party of the beys
prersil it esn bsrdly be for long. Al-
readv they have unwillingly voted to
abolish tbeir titles and announce that
they too stand for ref arm. .toaly more
slowly.” Sooner or later they will paae
and tbeir administrative talents which
made them *o valuable to Turkey will
be at the service of their country. With
their passing one of tbe last refuges of
feudalism in Europe will have ceased to
exist
JULY 10 1021.
HAVE HORSELESS FARM
Nat a Hoad of Livestock oa MsrMns
worked 10000 Acres.
Winnipeg Manitoba July »—Th*
first boneless farm in Canada—poui-
bly in the world—has srrived. Oper-
ated exclusively by machinery it la no
•uccjpiful that many believe it la the
forerunner of an era of hormlem farms.
The farm of Schaal A Schaal 25
mile* aouthwest of here is not only
horseless but there is not a single bead
of livestock on it Tbe Schsals father
and son do all ths plowing seeding
harvesting threshing and transportation
of grain on their 10000-acre farm with
tractors. ' Four hundred horses would
be needed to do tbe same amount of
work. Beside* the 40 tractors a large
number of automobilea are tusd In
seeding and harvest tims to traMport
farm Hands from one part of the firm
to anothai 1 .
"Four years’ experisnee” said tha
elder Schaal “haa eoavfnced ua that
the cost of grain production la atMtly
cheaMM and the profita eaaeaq«Mtly
largely "nereased by borseleea farm-
Former District CM Diea.
Regula Tex. July John T. Camp-
bell 75 former district clerk hers for s
number of years died at Ma hame
Thursday afternoon. Ha waa alao for
several years an official of the state
penitentiary at Huntsville. He is sur-
vived by his widow and four aona. la-
termaat waa held la Riverside cetnstery
Friday aftsrnooa at S o'clock.
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Diehl, Charles S. & Beach, Harrison L. The San Antonio Light (San Antonio, Tex.), Vol. 41, No. 172, Ed. 1 Sunday, July 10, 1921, newspaper, July 10, 1921; San Antonio, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth1621158/m1/18/: accessed August 15, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu.; .