The Abilene Reporter-News (Abilene, Tex.), Vol. 64, No. 236, Ed. 2 Thursday, February 15, 1945 Page: 8 of 18
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THE ABILENE REPORTER-NEWS
Thursday Evening, February 15, 1945
The Abilene Reporter-92ets
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Regimentation of Youth in Texas
The Cato bill to strengthen and widen the
scope of the Texas child labor law has been
given a green light by the Texas P-TA, and
one wonders just how familiar the local
members of that organization are with the
. provisions of the revised bill.
! Texas has a child labor law already, but
the Cato bill carries the theme far beyond
anything in the existing law in some vital
respects.
The old law sets the minimum age at 15,
requires no certificate of employability for
any child over that age. The new law changes
the minimum age to 16. and requires an em-
ployment certificate of all under 18. These
certificates can be obtained only from the
local school authorities. If a school principal
decides a boy under 18 hasn't been making
good enough grades, he can refuse a work
certificate, which means the young man
won't be allowed to work—no matter how
much his family may need his breadwin-
nings. - -
There are certain other provisions in the
Cato bill which would make for regimenta-
tion. A physical examination is required for
all children under 16. If a high school boy
under 16 wants to work at a part-time job
requiring him to be on the job after 8 p. m.
®r before 6 a. m., he can’t—the law says he
-— can’t. The same conditions apply to a girl un-
der 18.
If the parents of Texas want this sort of
law. that is their business, but they should
know exactly what they’re getting before
they endorse the Cato bill. They are getting
regimentation of all youths under 18 to a
certain extent, and if the trend continues it
- is only a matter of time when every youth
of 18 or under will be wholly dependent upon
some bureaucrat for the right to work. If his
teacher decides he has not met the grade
standard, he and his family, who may need
his earnings, are out of luck.
This law should have a thorough going-
1----over before it receives the endorsement of
any thoughtful person. The existing law of-
fers adequate safeguards to youths; the pro-
posed law would make them virtual wards
of the state.
They said the presence of Vandenberg was
calculated to tie the hands of republican crit-
ics, that the appointment of Stassen was a
courtesy to Senator Joe Ball, who repudiated
Dewey and supported Roosevelt, and that,
after all, the, house delegates didn't belong
because foreign affairs is an exclusive senate
prerogative.
To us it seems to be a strong delegation,
one that is representative of the political
sentiment of the country. Certainly it is right
and proper that the senate be represented,
and we can see no harm in having the lower
house represented too. Gov. Stassen is an
able, forthright man who can be depended
upon to do the right thing as he sees it And
surely no class of citizen has more right to
be represented than womanhood.
The cynics might withhold their bans at
least until the meeting gets under way. The
hopes of the American people for a stable
peace ride with this delegation. Their hands
should be upheld, not slapped down before
they even get started on their great task.
The Siren Song
One of the unexpected by-products of the
Big Three declarations was the blatting of
Radio Tokyo to the effect that Japan’s policy
is “not to reject any hand which offers
peace.”
Well, not unexpected, either; for it has al-
ways been accepted as axiomatic that when
Japan is thoroughly convinced further resist-
ance is useless, she would extend the hand
of fellowship to anybody big enough fool to
grasp it.
The Japs reason thus: With the war in
Europe over, Americans will have a revulsion
and a letdown, and will be disposed to accept
the idea of a negotiated peace with Japan.
To use a short ugly phrase, Japan doesn't
think we can take it. and it does think the
American people will start a hue and cry for
a quick settlement of the Pacific war on\a
basis short of total victory. Anything short
of total defeat for Japan would leave Japan
free to start planning the next war.
That there are elements in the U. S. which
would listen to this siren song is almost in-
conceivable; but no doubt they exist.
DeWitt Mackenzie, the AP analyst, best
summed it up yesterday when he wrote:
"Murlin Spencer, Associated Press war
correspondent who has been two years on
the Pacific front, tells me there is widespread
apprehension among the men that the end
of the European war will find the American
public weary of conflict and inclined to make
a compromise peace with Japan. The Yanks
who’ve been battling the barbarians in the
heat of the stinking, disease ridden jungles
don't want any temporizing, they want to
beat the Japs to a pulp.”
Mackenzie adds that he doesn't think for
a moment the home front will weaken. We
hope not, for a negotiated peace with Japan
would insult the memory of every American
who has suffered or died in the campaign
to save our civilization from Japanese sav-
agery, and subject every American child to
the danger of a repeat performance of the
Pacific war in 25 years or less.
"DID SOMEONE SAY MacARTHUR?"
ON THE HOME FRONT 0
By JAMES MARLOW
WASHINGTON, Feb. 15.—(P-
Keep an eye on Commander Har-
old K Stassen President Roose-
velt has just put a bright light
on him. Why?
Why did the President, when
he could have chosen any other
Republican, invite Stassen to be
one of the American representa-
tives at the United Nations con-
ference in San Francisco in April?
Stassen, has been a Republican
wonder boy since he became gov-
ernor of Minnesota at 31. He’s 37
now. He was twice re-elected. He
quit the job to take the Navy
commission in 1943. He’s on Ad-
miral Halsey’s staff.
He’s been a Republican presi-
dential possibility since he key-
noted his party's convention in
Philadelphia In 1940 In that year
his friends said: "Not this year.
In 1944."
But 1944 came, Stassen was in
the Navy His friends wanted him
nominated He said he'd accept it
but wouldn't seek It. Governor
Dewey of New York got the nod
instead Stassen’s friends said:
“Not this year. In 1948."
• • •
Bo twice with Stassen it has
been: not this time, next time.
He has been busy in the Pacific
That does not mean he is not
thinking of the White House in
194g when the war's over.
His good friend. Republican
Senator Ball, onetime Minnesota
newspaperman whom Stassen
originally appointed to the sen-
ate, certainly is thinking of Stas-
sen in big terms, future terms.
Ball broke with Dewey over his
foreign policy, rocked the Re-
publicans by supporting Mr.
Roosevelt, and shortly before the
last election said:
"Stassen stands head and
shoulders above most of the poli-
tical leaders of both parties,
x x x Inevitably he is going to
be a big figure in national af-
fairs.”
Washington Calling
PROUD FRENCH RESENT TREATMENT
Dewey is titular head of the
Republicans, although Republi-
cans have a tradition of never
re-nominating a candidate once
defeated. Mr. Roosevelt could
have asked Dewey to go to the
San Francisco meeting.
Or he could have named John
Foster Dulles, New York lawyer-
end adviser on international af-
fairs. He had been reported slat-
ed for secretary of state if Dewey
won.
But Mr Roosevelt dipped into
the Pacific for Stassen, a lead-
ing Republican internationalist
for years.
Before we got Into the war,
Stassen was all for aid to the
• Allies. Then he took a forth-
I right, solid stand on International
cooperation to keep the peace,
which is what the San Franciscod,
conference is supposed to work
out
Because he felt that way, Stas-
sen strongly suggested years ago
a United Nations organization
backed by force to maintain
world order he said: $
"We might well contemplate
that within a comparatively brief
period of years our men and
women will not only be citizens
of Minnesota, and not only citi-
zens of the United States of Am- ,
erica, but also citizens of a
United Nations of the world."
* * *
Stassen goes on from here: He
would have a part in shaping
the peace by his attendance at
the conference. If this should be /
a springboard to Republican lead-
ership in 1948. Mr. Roosevelt will
have given a helping hand.
Mr. Roosevelt certainly is in-
ternational - minded, as was
Wendell Willkie. If Stassen should
head a victorious Republican tick- •
et in 1948, Mr. Roosevelt would
know at least that the Repub-
licans were led by an interna-
tionalist, too, a man who was
not a Johnny - Come-Lately to
that view. 0
But will being singled out by •
Mr. Roosevelt help Stassen with
Republicans? Asked that, a Re-
publican senator said:
“Frankly, I can't tell. I can't
tell what it will mean. There’s
another way of looking at it. It 6
could very well be a political kiss
of death "
0
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D
America’s Delegation
Washington politicoes were, as usual, run-
ning a finetooth comb through President
Roosevelt’s delegation to the San Francisco
conference of the United States—and as usu-
al finding plenty of bugs.
Two of the delegates are Senator Tom
Connally of Texas, chairman of the senate
foreign relations committee, and Arthur Van-
denberg of Michigan, a member of that com-
mittee—one a democrat, the other a republi-
can. Two from the house are Rep. Sol Bloom,
democrat, chairman of the house foreign af-
fairs committee, and Rep. Eaton, a republi-
can. Harold E. Stassen, a former republican
governor of Minnesota now a navy officer,
and Dean Virginia Gildersleeve of Barnard
College round out the delegation. Secretary
of State Stettinius will be chairman.
This would seem to the ordinary mind a
well-balanced, representative group, with a
careful and painstaking regard for the mi-
nority party. But some of the Washington
politicoes saw skulduggery in it, all the same.
The Quiz Corner
Q—What group constitutes the largest per-
centage of medical discharges from the arm-
ed forces’.
A—Psychiatric, 45 percent
QWhat is a red quill?
A—A plant that looks something like a
large onion. It is the fundamental ingredient
of rat poison.
A—What pattern has our armed service
adopted for code-naming Jap aircraft?
A—Girl names for bombers, boy names for
fighters, names beginning with letter T for
transports.
Q—What is Britain's daily war bill?
A—$57,000,000.
Q—What are nylon hose made of?
A—Coal, water and air.
By MARQUIS CHILDS
PARIS—A nation that has
suffered a severe defeat suffers
also from hurt pride, and that
to true of proud France today.
General Charles de Gaulle
was not invited to the Black sea
conference of the big three even
as a junior partner. Not only
was he not invited, but the
French government was not in-
formed that the conference was
to take place
Harry Hopkins. President
Roosevelt's closest adviser, stop-
ped here on his way to the
conference. He saw de Gaulle
and one or two other mem-
bers of the government. The
conversations were restricted for
the most part to polite gener-
allties. All that the de Gaulle
government knows about the
conference to what the news-
papers here carried speculating
on its agenda and the position
of the three powers on import-
ant issues.
What had been hoped for up
until the lest minute was an in-
vitation to the head of the
French government to come in
on the final phases of the con-
ference. Naturally, de Gaulle
would not have been asked to
participate in the first part of
the conference, which seems to
have been confined to decisions
on the "final phase" of the war
in Europe. That was understood
here.
If you're interested, a toy manufacturer
says the jumping rope is still No. 1 favorite
with little girls. If you’re not interested, skip
it!
MATTER OF FRIDE
But the affront to pride has
come out of the fact that the
representative of France was
not invited to participate in dis-
cussions of present or future
political and economic problems
vital above all to 50 million
Frenchmen who must live next
door to the Germans. It is
more than pride It goes back
to the gnawing insecurity that
was the mood of the years be-
tween the two wars
When It became quite clear
that he was not to have an in-
vitation to the big three meet-
ing, de Gaulle made his speech
of a week ago it was an angry
speech, almost a defiant speech.
De Gaulle is a proud man. It
was not merely his personal
pride, however, that had been
affronted, but the pride of the
French people.
As a Frenchman he knew
that, and he knew he could go
a long way in asserting the
French position. He made it
perfectly plain that France
would not be bound by any de-
cisions taken by the big three
unless those decisions guaran-
teed the security of France in
accord with the terms laid down
by de Gaulle in his speech.
+ His first requisite was the def-
Inite separation of the Rhine-
land and the Ruhr from Ger-
many. But he went much fur-
ther and in a calculated appeal
to the European peoples he call-
ed for the independence of
Poland, Austria, Czechoslovakia
and the Balkan nations.
Now how does it happen that
a stricken nation—and there
can be no doubt that Prance
to stricken—dares to speak out
so boldly through its leader’
The obvious answer to that
the weight of events to on the
side of the French and that
sooner or later the rest of the
world, Including three import-
ant gentlemen meeting on the
shores of the Black sea, must
recognise that fact. No peace
can be made in Europe with-
out the participation of France
—and de Gaulle knows it.
The situation has been some-
what improved by the an-
nouncement in Washington or
a Franco- American lend-lease
accord. The French government
had sent.Jean Monnet to Wash-
ington as head of an economic
mission with a set of minimum
requests necessary to get French
economy started again One of
his compelling arguments was
that France would produce for
the war if only a minimum of
raw materials could be provided.
Several times Monnet was on
the point of returning to Paris,
his mission a failure. But at
the end of the week he issued
a statement in Washington say-
ing that he was returning to
France with lend-lease proposals
worked out in a "spirit of co-’
operation" with the U. S. gov- *
ernment. According to reports
here, these proposals include a
billion dollars worth of civilian
goods and, above all, desperately
needed transportation equip-
ment.
TODAY AND TOMORROW:
(Editor’s Note—The opinions expressed by Mr Lippmann are not
necessarily those ef The Reporter-News.)
---------------------- By Walter Lippmen ------------
Unconstitutional in Purpose
&
9
Rapid Progress—
AIR FORCE CHANGES COMING FAST
B PETER EDSON books on which supply officers
NEA Washington Correspond entcould base their requirements
U.S ARMY AIR FORCES estimates. Only in the last few
| weeks have the experts been
sble to compile what they might
TACTICAL TRAINING CEN-
TER, Orlando, Fla Feb. 14-
Most of the air failures of the
present war have been logistic
say the experts of this AAF
brain renter
They mention this fact in
pointing with something of a
red face to the tons of material
piled up In Europe today-stuff
, ysgs that has become
Peeobrolete
the time it was
. 7ef)ordered The
EDSON
I reason for these
surpluses to
I simply that the
I planes for which
■ these supplies
I were ordered
I became obsolete
before the sup-
plies could be
consumed
So swift has
been the technical advance of
military aircraft that at this
very moment the logisticians
are fared with the possibility
that the internal combustion
engine may be obsolete for air-
craft of the future if the gas
turbine, or jet-propelled en-
gine. lives up to its present
promise No one can today give
an exact answer to this prob-
ability, but it emphasizes what
procurement men are up
against
NO GUIDEBOOKS AVAILABLE
Because there were no experi-
ence date on airplane perform-
ance in desert amphibious, arc-
tic end high altitude warfare,
there bare been no guide-
call a “logistical bible," bringing
together all the experience In
sir supply for this war It to
still s highly imperfect docu-
ment. subject to numerous and
frequent changes. But it is a
start at making a handbook
for one of the newest branches
of military science
Even the Germans, emart as
they were about some of these
things, had to change their
book as, for instance, when they
discontinued the production of
bombers, converted all their air-
craft facilities over to the pro-
duction of fighters for defense
against Allied bombings, then
turned to the production of
robot V bombs. Things like that
are happening sll the time to
throw off anyone who would
/ plan a war.
Ordering up for an air war
begins with planes it to a sur-
prising and sad fact that up to
this point in the war perhaps
not more than one out of every
five planes produced is in ac-
tion on the front Training in
the United States requires
many, planes-undergoing repair
or maintenance accounts for
others, planes in transit or re-
serve number many more
Planes actually Tosti in combat
■ checks off half the total In
some categories
The now prevalent idea that
all fighter planes can be flown
to theaters of operation to
branded as hooey Most of them
still have to be crated and
hauled in ships and only now
have the Air Forces acquired
vessels specifically designed to
carry this light but bulky cargo.
BIG ITEM ■■ GASOLINE
Bombs make up from 6 to 21
percent of Air Force supplies by
weight, but the one big item to
gasoline, which to 80 percent of
the suppy problem by weight.
It was only last Reptember that
the supply of aviation gas be-
came greater than the demand.
Production in March of this
year to estimated at only 50,000.
barrels a day above require-
menu, but this margin has been
obtained only be taking a big
allotment of butylene from the
synthetic rubber industry and
by reducing the grade of the
gasoline from 140 to 130.
Throwing around all these
supplies— 2 1-2 tons per day per
plane—takes manpower and the
supply of that is something of
a problem too A rule of thumb
to two and a half men on the
ground for every man in the air
at a base, but this only begins
to tell the story in certain
Pacific operations last year, to
keep 450 men in the air re-
quired 10,000 men on the
ground to keep 815 planes go-
ing took 38,000. These figures
Include of course, sir engineers
who can fight their way in to
build an air strip as well as the
more skilled technicians for
some of the newer radar and
electronic equipment which the
Inventors can now modify and
improve faster than men can
be trained to service and op-
erate it It’s like that with a
lot of the stuff that has to be
supplied in this war of gadgets
FRENCH SKEPTICAL
While this to naturally wel-
come news, it is received here
with certain reservations. The
French know that translation of
the paper agreement into reality
depends on shipping. They
know, too, that control of ship-
ping has come largely under
military leaders who are ex-
tremely reluctant to allow any
space at all for civilian goods
in liberated areas. Wait and
see, say the skeptical French.
One thing that hurts sensi-
tive feelings here to thst Italy,
which was an enemy country,
has received considerably more
- help than France Moreover,
the French have heard promises
in the past that have not been
fulfilled
The French people tell you
that the Allied propaganda urg-
ing underground resistance to
the invasion leaned heavily on
promises of a better life after
their liberation And now, they
say, "look at us; we're worse off
than before"
So while the French, like the
rest of the world, we're awaiting
the outcome of the big three
- meeting, the attitude here to
aloof, almost disdainful. The
French are trying to stand up
against hunger, cold and misery
in the belief that time is on
their side
(Copyright 1945 by United
Feature Syndicate, Inc.)
The War Today—
BUDAPEST OPENS NAZI BACK-DOOR
My DEWITT MACKENZIE
Associated Press War Analyst
The European war to sweep-
Ing across the screen with such
speed thst there's only s flash
of time in which to examine
individual operations, but we
shouldn't overlook the signifi-
cance of the Russian capture of
Budapest, for Ite potentialities
are tremend-
ous.
The fall of
this great city
—most Impor-
tant commu-
nications cen-.
ter in all south-
eastern Europe
— goes far to-
ward opening
the Danubian
________________route into Aus-
MAt KENZIE tria It means
that the Mus-
covite forces in Hungary have
just about smashed the lock on
Hitler's back door—a fact
which should be -considered in
connection with the thrust to-
wards Austria via Czechoslova-
kta by the southern wing of the
Red forces assaulting Germany.
These two Red operations com-
plement each other
Naturally our attention is
centered on the drive for Ber-
lin—on the Russian offensive to
take Dresden and cut Germany
in two—on yesterday's furious
assault of 8,000 Allied warplanes
under which Dresden and other
key cities shuddered—on the
Allied attack against the Rhen-
ish defenses through the terri-
ble floods and mud.
But after Berlin has fallen-
after the Reich has been
slashed In two and the Hitlerites
have been kicked out- of the
northern half —what then?
Well. if the Nazis still are ca-
pable of carrying on their fa-
natical suicide-war, we shall
see them making a eland la
Bavaria and Austria, providing
their present plans materialise
Then they will have the Alps at
their backs, and in order to
shorten the war it will be vastly
important tor us to be able to
An issue affecting the fun-
damental structure of the
American government to now
being agitated by men like Mr.
Taft in the Senate It to wheth-
er the head of an executive de-
partment. In this instance the
Secretary of Commerce, to to
continue to be what he has al-
ways been, an assistant of the
President, or whether he to to
become—through control of the
appointment—an agent of the
Legislature. --
Mr. Taft, and those who think
as be does, wish to reject Mr
Wallace on the ground that he
does not have the confidence
of a majority of the Senate.
This to, I submit, a radical de-
parture from the American con-
stitutional system, wholly un-
workable and profoundly dan-
gerous It to no wonder that
true conservatives like Senator
George will have none of it.
If the Senate asserts the pow-
er to reject Mr. Wallace on the
ground that it does not agree
with him, then It to claiming
the power to appoint the Secre-
tary of Commerce If it says to
the President: “You cannot
have Henry Wallace in your
Cabinet because we do not like
him,” then it can say the same
thing to the next man and the
next man after that whom the
President nominates It can say
to the President: ‘ The only
man we are willing to confirm
to a man that we, not you, have
named."
No such power to vested in
Congress The Senate's power to
confirm has never been regard-
ed as meaning the power to
control the selection of the
President's Cabinet The limits
of the power of Congress are
clearly indicated by the fact
that It has no power to remove
a Cabinet officer except by Im-
peaching him and convicting
him of “treason, bribery, or oth-
er hish crimes and misdemean-
ors." If Congress cannot re-
move a Cabinet official because
It does not sgree with him, then
It has no constitutional ground
for refusing to confirm him be-
cause it does not agree with
him.
The attempt to reject Mr.
Wallace is, to put it bluntly, a
usurpation of power which, if
is succeeded, would establish
the right of Congress, by rejec- J
ting any one it had not chosen,
to appoint the executive officers
of the government. The Ameri-
can system would be unwork-
able if Congress assumed the
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ggt at them through Austria as
well as by attacking from the
north.
The fall of Bu“ apest, after
one of the most fiercely fought
and bloody battles of the en-
tire war, releases two strong
Red armies ana while there has
been no announcement as to
their further disposition, ob-
servers generally have assum-
ed that Budapest provided a
terrible Interlude In an offen-
sive against Austria Marshal
Stalin himself, in announcing
the capture, referred to the
capital as a strategically im-
portant German defense center
“on the road to Vienna." So he
apparently has his eye on Aus-
tria.
power to appoint the officials
through whom the President
performs his duties. For under
our system Cabinet officers are
merely his assistants, and their
acu are the President's act.
If Congress has the power to
control the selection of the
President's Cabinet, then what
to to happen if the President
wants Henry Wallace and Con-
gress refuses to confirm him?
How to the deadlock to be
broken, and the business of gov-
erning carried on? Under the
British Parliamentary system,
if the Legislature votes no con-
fidence in a member of the
Cabinet, the Prime Minister has
the right to dissolve Parliament,
hold an election, and let the
country resolve the conflict But
the President does not have
that power Unless he does have
It, the Cabinet cannot be made
the creature of Congress with-
out paralysing the government.
As long ss we have a govern-
ment based on the separation of
powers, we must as Madison
said when the question was de-
bated in the Philadelphia Con-
vention. Insist that the Execu-
tive and the Legislature "be in-
dependent of each other"
This independence would dis-
appear if the Senate asserted
the right of controlling the ap-
pointment of Cabinet officers
€ % -
It was an error of principle
on the part of the President not
to divorce the lending power
from the Department of Com-
L merce before he nominated Mr.
, Wallace. For Mr. Wallace is
1 the exponent of a new policy,
and the lending power was vest-
ed in Mr Jesse Jones for pur-
poses which are different from
those which Mr Wallace pro-
poses Congress has a right and
a duty to pass on the new pol-
icy, and It would in some meas-
ure have lost thst right If Mr
| Wallace had inherited all of
Mr Jones’s powers
The George bill cures this er-
ror But those who want to go
€
€
4
4
4
beyond the George Mil and re-
ject Mr Wallace because they S
disagree with his policies, have
fallen into an error which to et
least as great as the President’s
original error They should re-
consider their position For they
are, in the heat of partisanship,
proposing to defend conserva- w
tive principles by resorting to
acts that are radically alien to
the American system, and would
if they succeeded mark a deep
revision of the Constitution
(Copyright, 1945( New York a
. Tribune Inc.)
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%
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€
e
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The Abilene Reporter-News (Abilene, Tex.), Vol. 64, No. 236, Ed. 2 Thursday, February 15, 1945, newspaper, February 15, 1945; Abilene, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth1636366/m1/8/: accessed July 16, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu.; crediting Abilene Public Library.