The Abilene Reporter-News (Abilene, Tex.), Vol. 75, No. 177, Ed. 1 Saturday, December 17, 1955 Page: 16 of 22
twenty two pages : ill. ; page 22 x 16 in. Digitized from 35 mm. microfilm.View a full description of this newspaper.
Extracted Text
The following text was automatically extracted from the image on this page using optical character recognition software:
9 D THE ABILENE REPORTER-NEWS
Abilene, Texas, Saturday Morning, December 17.155
The grave; and the barren womb; the earth that is not filled with water; and
the fire that saith not. It is enough.—Prov. 30:16.
Ruark's Remarks
Oil and Guns Are Ruling
Forces in Land of Arabs
THE
It is a port where the storms of life never beat, and the forms
that have been tossed on its chafing waves lie quiet forever-
more.—Chapin.
A Nation of Sissies?
In spite of all the talk about those mar-
velous germ-killing drugs and preven-
tive and curative medicines that modern
science has developed an astonishing per-
centage of the human family continue to
get sick and die off with distressing
regularity. -----
Almost every magazine and newspap-
* or you pick up tells of something new
science has discovered to cure or pre-
vent disease Miraculous drugs spring
up on all sides, and some magazines
wouldn't think of going to press without
one or more sensational stories of some
new essence of spujoo or new technique
that will add another ten years to the
human life span. One of the most recent
and sensational fads is built around new
drugs and techniques that are expected
to practically empty our mental institu-
tions in no time at all. Good results
have been achieved with some of them,
but in our opinion the net effect of the
constant hammering on the subject of
marvelous “cures” is a cruel deception,
almost sure to backfire sooner or later.
This climate of excessive optimism
over the future of human health and
wellbeing was, in our opinion, largely
responsible for the unfortunate anti-
climax of the great polio build-up and
let-down of last year. People had grown
to expect too much and the traditional
caution of medical development was mo-
mentarily caught napping.
We doubt if our people as a whole are
any better able to withstand common,
ordinary diseases today than they were
a generation ago. We doubt if the 165
million American citizens, in particular,
are any better able to avoid or cast off
the effect of periodic illness than the 100
• million who inhabited the country at the
turn of the century. The rise of motor
transportation has weakened us physical-
ly The gadget age has made physical
sissies of us all, in one way or another,
to some degree or another. Grandpa and
grandma, who trudged to school three to
five miles at the turn of the century have
descendants who never get enough exer-
cise' nowadays to keep even halfway
physically fit. We have substituted
wheels for shoe leather and the results
have not been good.
We do not believe you can raise a
strong, self-reliant people in a hot house.
introduced a bill at the 1955 session
calling for annual payments of $500 mil-
lion to $1 billion for taking land out of
production.
Back in October Secretary Benson, aft-
er a conference with President Eisenhow-
er, outlined a six-point plan that in-
cluded “an enlarged program of soil
conservation and incentive payments
to divert crop land into grass, trees and
forage.” But he warned that a soil-bank
plan should not be regarded as a panacea
for all our farm ills.
Don't look now, but Benson’s soil-bank
plan looks more than a little like a similar
set-up put through way back in 1933 by
a fellow named Henry Wallace, one of
those New Dealers. Under the Agricul-
tural Act of 1933 Wallace paid out as
much as $467 million (in 1935) in con-
tracts to have 30 million acres volun-
tarily retired. But that was knocked out
by a 6-3 decision by the Supreme Court
in 1936 as unconstitutional.
History goes in circles. Wallace was
denounced in the early New Deal days
as a pig-killer. This week Sen. Hicken-
looper (R-Ia) requested Benson to make
incentive payments to farmers to sell
female pigs during the next few weeks.
Benson turned it down. Sen. Hicken-
looper, meet Henry Wallace.
Looking Toward 1965
Those practical, down to earth people
whose speciality is taking hard, profes-
sional looks at business conditions of the
moment, Dunn and Bradstreet, got out
their crystal ball this week and peered
into the year 1965.
There they saw some interesting fig-
ures populationw vise. In the first place,
there will be 21 percent more people
west of the Mississippi but only 15 per-
cent more east of it ten years from now.
California’s 12,600,000 population will
rise to 17,800,000, while New York’s 15,-
400,000 will rise no higher than 17,500,-
000—300,000 behind California for first
Rec-MANNINS
McNaught Syndicate, Ins
Shopping For Ike's Present
Appeal to Masses
Uncouth Red Diplomacy Pays Off
By ROBERT C. RUARK French and Spanish in the Rif aft-
ADEN, ARABIA-This is not a er World War One, for years and
place you would care to spend a years.
life in, unless you are an Arab or 4
an oilman, or maybe a Somali.
The town 'is a crater in a bleak
mountain by the sea, and the only
thing really going for Aden is that
consumer goods come in free of
tax. That, and oil.
Oil runs this corner of Arabia,
and the cheap cameras and cig-
arette lighters and typewriters are
incidental. The oil people who live
here at the moment are trapped in
their own environment. They can
drive to the oasis, and they cats
drive to the various oil installa-
tions, but about 30 miles does it.
If they go out into the desert they
are apt to get guzzled.
30 Pounds Per Gun
They are apt to get guzzled for
one reason. There is a bounty on
guns. The wild tribesmen pay 600
shillings—East African shillings-
for a rifle, and lay on an an-
nuity besides. Twenty shillings
make a pound, and 30 pounds ster-
ling is plenty of incentive, espe-
cially with social security laid on.
This makes a gun considerably
more valuable than the life of a
man, when you consider that the
Ul-Ul-Ul-Allahu-Akbar boys have al-
ready made one pass at Aden. And
when you consider that the RAF
keeps an air force here, ostensibly
for training, but actually for dis-
persal of large groups of tribes-
men. They drop a couple of notes,
saying goodbye, and then , . .
I have no way of knowing, of
course, how many Arabs have
guns, but the arms race is run-
ning on a small scale as well as a
large one, or-there wouldn’t be a
big bonus for a stolen rifle I know
this one, backwards, from the Mau
Mau troubles in Kenya. Guns pop
up in the most unexpected places,
as witness the late nastiness in
North Africa.
The point, I think, is that the
Muslim world is boiling at this mo-
ment, fermenting with hatred. How
far it will get nobody, except Allah,
knows, but they have been building
a jehad—a holy war—ever since
Abd el Krun stood off both the
And now toe zone of Ishmael
have the greatest talking point in
their entire history-oil. The pray-
ers have changed a little bit. The
muezzin keeps one eye on Stand-
ard and Shell, as well as Mecca,
and you can hear “overriding royal-
ty" and “high gravity" all mixed
up with the fatha.
The town Arab, shuffling flat-
footed in his babooshes, perhaps
does not understand the signifi-
cance of the refined pitch which
bubbles out of the ground, but his
leaders—political and religious—do.
They got the only crap game In
town, and they know it.
As mentioned, a Muslim lives
only to die, and so he is not afflict-
ed by the fears of the Western
World. Naked be came in, and
naked he goes out, and that is of
little importance, Insh' Allah.
Which is what makes him danger-
ous these days, since there are so
many of him.
Who Will Get It?
Somebody is going to wind up
with the oil of the Middle East.
It might be us, it might be the
Russians. Which side of the world
is to inherit the priceless wealth of
oil is predicated in terms of either
war or delicacy of handling of a
people who are exceptionally un-
like Christians,
It's their oil. really, no matter
what we’ve done in the way of
refinement. Shipping, and royalties
to the various sheiks and emirs.
The little Arab has no TV set.
no icebox, no money in the bank,
no matter bow close be lives to the
world. But his fingers are begin-
ning kp itch.
Altogether I should not like to be
the head man in the State Depart-
ment for what we do just now in
the Middle East. Standing off the
Russians is tough enough, without
complicating it with religion,
abuilding holy war, and a culture
' that was old before the Bible was
set down in print. La illah an rasul -
Allah, which sort of means that
God’ll settle it We hope.—(United
Feature Syndicate, Inc.)
FAN
KER
I DID 1
SEWIN
FOR Mi
PRISE
■ WHY
The Soil-Bank Plan
in the thinking of political W ashington
the “soil-bank” plan for farm relief
seems to be uppermost for 1956 con-
sideration This week Secretary Benson
announced that the President's 18-mem-
ber National Agricultural Advisory Com-
mission had given “general approval” to
a “soil-bank” plan. It would cover five to
ten years and put up to $400 million in
the pockets of the fanners during the
first year of operation.
The payments would be “for establish-
ing grass and trees as well as for con-
tracts to keep soil-bank acreage out of
production of surplus crops.” Thus "im-
mediate aid for farmers with a long
range conservation goal to benefit all
citizens” would be provided
This isn't near as big a program as
some Democrats and some farmers want.
Sen. Humphrey (D-Minn), for instance.
place.
Texas and Illinois will pass the 10 mil-
lion mark and join California, New York
and Pennsylvania in the plus-10 million
bracket, say Dunn and Bradstreet.
Dunn and Bradstreet are old hands
with financial statistics, but in the field
of population trends their forecast
seems about right too.
We can indulge a bit of speculation
about the future ourself if pressed a bit.
We would say, for instance, that New
York's limited advance in population in
the next ten years will be due primarily
to two reasons: 1. The glut of vehicular
traffic in and around the giant metro-
polis, New York City 2. The drift of
industry away from New England to
other parts of the country, the effects of
which will be felt in the Empire State.
With regard to Texas, our growth in
the next ten years will depend on two
major factors: 1. Water development;
and 2. Highway development.
If we develop our water resources
adequately, Texas could and probably
would gain 5.000,000 population in the
next ten years, granting that our trans-
portation system is expanded and im-
proved in keeping
If these things are not done, or only
half-done, Texas will do well to cross
the 10 million mark by 1965.
Other Viewpoints . . .
Effect of Ford's Grants
Houston Post:
The allocation af $600 Million by the Ford
Foundation te American colleges, hospitals and
medical schools is the largest single contribu-
tion in the history of philanthropy and brings to
about $850 Million the total philanthropic eor
The size of the sum, however, is not the
most important feature of the story The pur-
poses for which the money will be spent are
that. Colleges and „universities will use their
grants to increase the salaries of their teach-
ers. The hospitals will use the sums given
them to improve their services and the medi-
eal schools, yet to be selected, will use their
grants for strengthening their methods of in-
struction. Thur, to one way or another, the
benefits resulting from the grants will Now out
to all parts of America
Members of the Ford family and other of-
fcials of the foundation obviously sought to
use the money in a way in which it would de
tor most good toward providing lasting bene
fits. There is scarcely a privately operated
hospital in the land which has not felt the
pinch of rising costs to recent years, and th*
low pay offered teachers long has been a se-
rious problem, to that colleges and universi-
ties have found a hard to compete with private
industry to getting and keeping good teachers
Houstonians naturally are gratified that three
Houston schools and a hospitals were awarded
grants Dr. William V. Houston president of
Rice Institute - which will get $880,700 - said
faculty salaries are the most serious problem
the school has The problem was graphically
revealed in a survey made by the foundation
which disclosed that railroad engineers and
coal miners on the average are better paid
than college professors
Another benefit which can be expected to
flow from the Ford generosity is the interest
in aiding higher education which it should spur.
The Ford gift does not by any means end the
financial troubles of America’s privately en-
dowed colleges and universities There is ample
room for much more philanthropy by business
firms There are not enough buildings, not
enough scholarships, and the Ford gift princely
though it be, will not correct all of the salary
inequity from which college teachers suffer
Few firms have the wealth of the Ford
Foundation, but many firms making smaller
contributions can finish the job which the
foundation has started so well
By CONSTANTINE BROWN
WASHINGTON — The centuries-
old formal “striped pants diplom-
acy" employed by the West is be-
ing knocked into a cocked hat by
the USSR’s Nikita Khrushchev who
has been using blunt cuss words
and the big lie successfully both
at home and in the national deal-
togs
The new methods of the Red
dictator appeal to the masses as
well as the leaders. He does not
use ‘$5 words" nor high-falutin’
sentences which are meaningless
to the uneducated. He just shov-
els out praise for his hosts and
invectives for his enemies.
To the ignorant masses stereo-
typed sentences of the Western
diplomats such as the precarious
developments in the Far East are
the object of grave concern and
continued review on the part of
this government are just so much
gobbledygook But when Mr.
Khrushchev lashes out with ex-
pressions lika "the dirty capitalist
warmongers who have been suck-
ing your blood for centuries will be
wiped out by our peace loving
peoples" they have a definite
meaning
Mr. Khrushchev ignores decorum
in both his garments and his hab-
its. He makes a pout of appearing
tie less ■ a crumpled suit and has
no misgivings about getting royally
drunk in public. But he does not im-
bibe when be visits countries such
as India where the people are
largely ascetic
It is hard to keep up with the
new Red dictator a diplomacy No-
body can picture, for instance, ei-
ther Secretary af State Dulles or
Prime Minister Eden appearing
dishevelled and with an open
collar in private, much less in
public.
Big Dividends
That Bus Soviet uncouth (to
Western thinking) diplomacy has
paid dividends is painfully clear to
the Western governments which
themselves were taken into camp
by wily Communist only last sum-
mer at the summit meeting in
Geneva His disarming good hu-
mor and iriendliness in which be
was ably supported by the good,
grandfatherly-looking Premier But
ganin and by President Eisenhow-
er’s alleged “close friend" Mar-
shal Zhukov did more than the
frowns and frequently haughty, ar-
rogant and sometimes condescend-
ing attitudes of Stalin. We "bought"
the spirit of Geneva only to discov-
er. three months later, that the bot-
tle contained something very close
to poison.
Comrade Khrushchev did not
know when he went to Geneva last
August bow successful his mod-
ern diplomatic salesmanship would
be. On his way to that confer-
ence be stopped for g short while
in East Berlin and warned his
German puppets that he might be
compelled to make some conces-
sions at their expense to the
Western allies on the matter of
German unity. When he returned
he told them that be bad been
able to sell the Westerners a bill of
goods without giving UP any of
the Communist position. •
Khrushchev repeated the feat m
India and in Burma. He had noth-
ing to sell to Messrs. Nehru and
U Nu. They had been in Moscow’s
ideological camp for some time.
But be sold himself to the masses.
They had been overawed in the
past by the splendor surrounding
British dignitaries. But they liked
the Russians and cheered them
with long live the Russian em-
perors "
Comrade Khrushchev did not
hesitate to promise the Asians he
visited the moon and stars Prom-
ises like words cost nothing and
there ■ no need, the Russians feel,
to keep them When he said that
the Soviet Union would give its
dear Indian friends its last crust of
bread the effect was great al-
though be certainly did not mean
it even figuratively.
Khrushchev is strongly adept at
the bare-faced lie, as was iilustrat-
ed by his positive statements that
the Western powers had incited
Hitler to attack the USSR. Lon-
don's indignant denials and "grave
concern" diplomacy had no effect
whatever on the Burmese and oth-
er Asiatics who reportedly believed
every word Khrushchev apoke
Judging by what is happening in
the Far East, in Germany and
at the United Nations in New York
the new rough Soviet diplom-
acy seems to pay better dividends
than the old fashioned Western di-
plomacy It is based fundamentally
on the principle that the truth
can be successfully fought off with
the big lie, a principle we cannot
possibly adopt without losing our
self respect — words which are
meaningless to the Communists
all over the world.-Bell Syndi-
cate).
RUTH MILLET
About People
Memo to men There's no excuse
for you to wait until Christmas
Eve to buy your wife's gift and
then just amble into a store and
buy anything the clerk who waits
on you suggests.
GRIN AND BEAR IT
By Lichty
Poor Tax-Payers
Profs Think Bureaucrats
Can Spend Our Money Better
By FREDERICK C OTHMAN
WASHINGTON - My subject to-
day is taxes and 1 am sore at a
couple of high-domed professors
These egg heads —danged if I'll
even mention their names—had the
gall to appear in the old Supreme
Court chambr. a room sacred to
America s traditions, and there tell
the Joint Economic Committee in
effect that we taxpayers are dopes
They said it in words s good deal
fancier that we don't have brains
enough to spend our own money.
Let s keep income taxes high,
they added, so that we who pay
the bills won't have any money
left for high living. Their idea was
that if our taxes were cut now
while business is booming, we'd go
ears you’ll on such a spending spree that in-
flation would be inevitable
If you pick up your-------
find that your wife is already
dropping hints she hopes you’ll be
quick-witted enough to catch
If she reads aloud a newspaper
ad listen carefully She is probably low us an orgy in the dress shoppes
not only telling you what she wants and the auto salons They re lucky
for Christmas but where you can
Better, they said, to take our
money away from ui via the In-
ternal Revenue Bureau, than to al-
NAN
Who Was Who?
Fort Worth Star-Telegram
The Gallup pollsters have been conducting s
survey in which Britons have shown up better
than Americans in identifying M prominent fig-
arm is history. The list consisted of Colum-
bus, Shakespeare, Napoleon, Beethoven, Karl
Marx Aristotle, Raphael, Leo Tolstoy, Freud
and Rubens
Now it is a little shocking to learn that
Columbus was the only one on the list whom
more Americans than Britons could identify,
but we take some comfort to the apparent Ig
morance of Americans on the subject of Karl
Marx, the radical thinker whose books are
regarded as the fountainhead of communism.
M sems to us that it is no feather in the
esp of the Communist propaganda department
that only to per cent of American men and
■ per cent of American women could identify
Mans and that many of them thought he was
a movie comedian.
Quotable Quotes
I wish 1 knew what would have been the
$64,000 question. Always I will wonder —
could I have answered it?—Shoemaker Gino
Prato, who quit after winning $32,000 on the
TV show
The plan af serial inspection for peace is de-
signed primarily to provide against great sur-
prise attack ... If we succeed to shackling
surprise attack we may set a seal against war
itself —Henry Cabot Lodge, U. * ambassador
to the U. N.
it will be tough. We think we can make it
—Defense Secretary Wilson on keeping defense
spend log at present level to next fiscal year
R wouldn’t be honest to bring them money,
so we bring them a token of appreciation
Angelo Inciso, Chicago union official, testify-
ing about gifts to union officials who befriended
him
That the Russians have been exploding (nue-
lear) bombs with some regularity shows their
amniling faces aren't smiling all tor time. —Sen.
Clinton Anderson (D-NM).
buy it.
If she says, "When Alice and 1
were shopping today we saw the
most beautiful such-and-such,” get
on the telephone and ask Alice
what gives She’ll let you know if
your Christmas gift problem is
solved.
If she gets you to go shopping
with her and stops to yearn over
a certain article, you can be sure
you were brought along on the trip
simply for that one important stop.
If she talks about something she
needs but can’t afford, she ion t
complaining, she’s hinting.
If she tells you what Alices bus
band is planning to give her for
Christmas and there in a wistful
note in her voice, mark it. That
probably means that she and Alice
want the same thing
women like to keep up the pre-
tense, even to themselves, that it s
fun to be surprised at Christmas.
But they are also practical enough
to drop hints so that the surprise
will be a welcome one
All you have to do is know a
hint when you bear one — (NEA
Service, Inc.)
Modesty Trims
His Settlement
WAUKEGAN. III (AP)—Johnny
Colosimo, 11. had a car mishap
with his new bike and was the
central figure in a $25,000 injury
suit brought by his mother. Mrs.
Dorothy Vlink Johnny’s attorney.
Willtom J. Crowley, asked the
youngster to lower his trousers and
show the jury scars on his left
thigh resulting from the accident.
Johnny refused twice to take his
pants down before the women
jurors with a couple of "Uh uhs."
Judge Bernard M Decker said:
“I think the lad’s using good
sense ”
professors.
If I hadn't been carefully brought
up by my mother (and also afraid
of being jailed for contempt of
Congress) I’d have thrown a Sena-
torial inkwell at ’em
Lawmakers Listen
What pained me still more was
the fact that the lawgivers listened
respectfully All I want the states-
men to know is that I consider my-
self better qualified to spend my
own cash than any bureaucrat in
the money spending business If
they gave me the chance, 1 might
even put some of it in a savings
bank. That's something that no
government official ever con-
sidered
I’ll have these professors know,
and these Congressmen, too, that
if Uncle Sam needs my hard-
earned money to keep the Army up
to snuff, okay U he wants it to
pay on his debts, I still won't ob-
ject But if anybody’s considering
keeping my taxes high for my own
good, he deserves a poke in the
nose
You see what I’m driving at. Our
capital is getting all worked up
about taxes. President Eisenhower
hasn't talked on the subject, but
all indications are that he believes
if he can balance the budget, then
he owes us a tax cut
Now comes his Secretary of
Treasury, George Humphrey, with
the cheering word (except maybe
to the professors who barely es-
caped mayhem1 that be thinks the
government’s income will be bal-
anced with its outgo by the end of
this fiscal year which comes on
July 1. 1956. *
So, it would seem that if all
other things remain squat, includ-
ing the Russians, some sort of tax
cut ought to be coming along about
then The Republicans figure this
would be a good idea in a cam-
paign year.
Sen Walter F. George (D-Ga)
one of the deans of the legislature,
agrees that Congress somehow will
cut Uncle's take next year. He
hasn't said how much, or where.
For Low or Middle?
If taxes are to be alashed, the
Democrats figure the low paid
worker ought to get most of the
benefit the Republicans have the
idea that the middle-class earner
is the forgotten man who deserves
the most consideration. That
brings us to Rep. Wilbur Mills (D.
Ark) a leading tax expert, who
claims we d better not make up
our minds until President Eisen-
hower actually does get that budg-
et balanced.
We get finally the word from
Speaker Sam Rayburn (D-Tex)
who is not without his influence
hereabouts, that if the cold war
eyeo gets luke warm, well have
to forget tax cuts. He says we
may even have to boost 'em
At least he doesn't seem to be
paying any attention to the double
domes and for that, at least, we
can be grateful —4 United Feature
Syndicate, Inc.)
In Hollywood
Gary Cooper's reaction to Hol-
lywood s remake of one of his
greatest hits, “A Farewell to
Arms" “It’s okay with me as
long as I’m not in it. I’m opposed
to remakes"
This is Hollywood, Mrs Jones:
Dept - of - no - chance - taking.
It’s in Clark Gable’s contracts that
he has to win the girl at the end
of Ins pictures
Marilyn Monroe asks everyone
who kids her about doing "The
Brothers Karamazov”: ‘‘Did you
ever read the book?" I'm wondar-
ing If Marilyn's ever read it.
Eartha (Santa Baby' Kitt’s holi-
day record this year "Nothing
For Christmas.” Kirk Douglas,
who collects $200,000 per movie, is
beaming over a $2150.25 check
from Decca records Royalities on
two records he made as a publicity
gimmick for “20,000 Leagues Un-
der the Sea" and “Man Without A
Star "
THE ABILENE REPORTER-NEWS *
Published Twiee Dan, One Sunday by the
REPORTER PUBLISHING CO .
North Second and Cypress Telephone Mm Ablene, Texas
VIC
JUST
MUG
GI
MYR
CERTIFIED CIRCULATION « The Abilene Reporter News m a member ai the
Audit Bureau of Circulation, , national organisation which certifies the circulation
of the leading newspapers of the United States
Entered M Second Class Matter Oct. 4 1903 at the post office, Abilene. Texas under
and six Subscription Rates: By carrier * ABene. and West Texan, Morning a Sunday, or
jury and 51 Evening & Sunday $1.50 per. me. Morning and Evening and Sunday sas per mo.
----4-4 *-A-dr and Weekly rates on request
___________________By mail to West Texas Morning and Sunday or Evening and Sunday $1,50 • month or
---------$17.50 a vear. Outside of West Texas tin a month or $17.s0 • Feat. Other rates •
request _ _
The L .
women awarded Johnny $5,000.
Overweight Ones
About 45,000,000 persons in the
United States are at least to per
rent overweight, according to es-
‘I can suggest a gift for your wife, but my honest suggestion timates of the Department of Agri-
is that you buy her what she wants!...” culture
Member of the Associated Prems
The Associated Press is entitled exclusively to the ase of republication of an a. teenl
news printed in this newspaper a wen a the AP news dispatcher
The publishers are not responsible for copy omiasions, typographies) errors er ate
tentional errors that may occur other than to correct a next - tte we
brought to their attention. All advertising orders are accepted a as Mass
sy erroneous reflection upon the character, standing or reputation a any person.
firm or corporation which may occur a the columns of THE REPORTER NEWT
aladir enrrected upon being brought to the attention at the management -*-
Upcoming Pages
Here’s what’s next.
Search Inside
This issue can be searched. Note: Results may vary based on the legibility of text within the document.
Tools / Downloads
Get a copy of this page or view the extracted text.
Citing and Sharing
Basic information for referencing this web page. We also provide extended guidance on usage rights, references, copying or embedding.
Reference the current page of this Newspaper.
The Abilene Reporter-News (Abilene, Tex.), Vol. 75, No. 177, Ed. 1 Saturday, December 17, 1955, newspaper, December 17, 1955; Abilene, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth1653949/m1/16/: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu.; crediting Abilene Public Library.