The San Antonio Ledger. (San Antonio, Tex.), Vol. 3, No. 13, Ed. 1 Thursday, August 19, 1852 Page: 1 of 4
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TOIi. HI.
iDcuotcD to SVgticnUtirc, ittisccllann, jtiter ature,
information anil lije Jntmls of % State.
TERMS $3 PER ANNUM.
SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS,
AY* AUGUST 19, 1852.
INVARIABLY IN ADVANCE
It. HEWITT
Hewitt &, Newton,
0. a. NEWTON.
Attorneys and Cc
- San Anton
ounselors at LaWy
onio, Texas,
ILL practice in the Texas Cour
Fourth and Second Juuicial
ci in the Supreme Court at Austin.
BÚ°ine„, ¿tnmri *
>mptlY ftnd faithfully attended to.
The^ Will also give their prompt atten ton to
,e collection of all claims entrusted their
re, and will act as General Land A0-nr .
October 9, 1851. M U
S. A. WHITE. J. ASHWOBTH.
S. A. White Sl Co.,
ECEIVING, FORWARDING ÜÍD COM-
MISSION MERCHANTS.
INDI ANO LA TEXAS.
R1
^Van Derlip & Jones,
Ittormys and Counselors at Law.
«AN ANTONIO, TEXAS,
riLL ATTEND PROMPTLY TO ALL BUSINESS
E.vrnUSTEl*.TO THEIR CARE.
J. A. Settle,
RECEIVING, FORWARDING andCOM-
miaslon Merchant,
lndianola, Texas,
Keeps constantly on hand a general assortment
ui Groceries, Liquors, Provisions, Ship
Chandlery, Crockery, Saddlery,
48 ly] and Western Produce.
Oeo. S. Menefee,
Receiving, forwarding* and com
mission Merchants,
lndianola, Texas,
Refer to Messrs. Lewis & Groesbeck, Enoch
Jones & Co., Paschal &. Richardson, A. A
LockwoQQ, Messrs. J. Y. Dashiel, Pay Master
TT S A. I. G. Capqf , San Antonio; Mai. E
er, U. S. A, Jacob
Letter of Instructions from Got. Bell Authorizing
the Organization of three Companies of Mount
ed Volunteers.
B. e.*Edwards,
attorney at law,
AND GENERAL LAND AGENT.
--SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS.-
l::f
Angel Navarro,
Attorney and Counselor at Law,
,SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS.
i':£
H. M. lie wis,
ATTORNEY & COUNSELOR-AT-LAW.
Office: Jones's New Bulding, (up stairsj
Main Plaza, San Antonio, Texas. M
G'enrral Auction and Com-
mission Business.
SA LEW properly of all descriptions at Public
Auction, or at private sale. Sales lor ac-
count of Administrator's. Will make purchase*
andsak-son private account. Strict attention
iriven to ill business entrusted to him.
Oct. 2, '51. if TRO WARD.
References:
Major James Belger. A Q.. M., Ij • S. A.,
Capta: n L. B. Wood, A. C. S., U. S. A.
Mai. C . T. Howard, F. Guilbeaa,
Mcs-rs fas. R. Sweet & Co. revine & Bro.
" Paschal & Richardson, Dr. J. H. Lyons,
" Lewis. &Grocsbeeck, J. D. MtLcod.
Titos. H. crs. Addicts,
NOTARY PUBLIC AND LICENSED
Rp.il Estate Broker and Conveyancer,
ti !v SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS.
K. J. .Jones,
i> k P U T Y ¡s H E R iff and
0 E N EH A L COLLECTIN G AG EN T,
SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS,
WILL attend promptly to the collection ot
all claims entrusted to his care.
Office in the brick building ot A. A. Lock-
wood, in Main street.
October. 1851. 20-1 y
Thomas H- Stribling,
Attorney find Counselor (it Law,
SAN ANTONIO
"ITT ILL attend promptly to all luiM'nessentrnst-
W ed to his care. May be found at all times
in Judge Paschal's office, in the brick Ijtiilviiiijf,
on th<- East aide ol the plaza—up stairs—-door
No.o, i. :io-->3-tf
fc)r. II. P. Itoward,
ESPyiCTFlJl^LY tenders his profesional
crvoices to the citizens ol S.iti Antoni
vicinity.' Olliee on Flores .str<.ct. uj>p>>iu.
C.i-ianno's.
iVlaas, Aug. Fronitrte, lndianola; Hamilton &
rlaneock. Austin: Messrs. J. B. Groves & Son,
Oswald Wickham, New Orleans. 32-ly
§3fAustin State Gazette and S. W. Ameri-
can, at Austin, please insert one year, and for-
ward account to lndianola.
John Henry Brown,
INDIANOLA, TEXAS,
NOTARY PUBLIC FOR Calhoun County,
and COMMISSIONER of DEEDS
Fur New York, Pennsylvania,Ohio, Con-
necticut, Missouri, Illinois, Iowa,
Tennessee, Indiana, Alabama,Lou-
isiana, South Carolina, Miss-
issippi, Virginia and Maine.
DOCUMENTS of all kind? acknowledged
before him can be recorded or used as evi-
dence in the above States; or if acknowledged
before a Chief Justice, County Clerk, Notary
Public, District or Supreme Judge, and the offi-
cial character of such officer certified toby the
undersigned, it will be equally good. Bonds,
Deeds, Mortgages, Wills. Protests, Agreements,
and all legal instruments drawn and authentica-
ted at the shortest notice.
Fee for Commissioner's certificate in all cases
Two Dollars. Letters must be postpaid.
lndianola. July 1851* v2n8yl.
Fulton & Hensley,
1 FORWARDING AND COMMSSION
* MERCHANTS,
Corner of Austin & Commerce Streets,
—PORT LAVACA, TEXAS.—
May 23, 1850. I—tf
J. T. JLytle,
Attorney at Law, and Commissioner of
Deeds for the State of Louisiana.
PORT LAVACA, TEXAS: 18-ly
Will. H. Ker,
Commission and Forwarding Merchant,
POUT LAVACA, TEXAS.
WILL attend promptly to the purchase, sale,
receiving and forwarding ol goods. 28-1 y
It. 31. Forbes & Co.,
Commission 0j- Foricarding Merchants,
port lavaca, texas.
Wholesale and retail dealers in staple and fancy
Dry Goods, ¿¿/'iocs. Hats. Clothing, Groceries,
I Vitus and Liquors. 28- ly
R1
• a lid
Don
E'
L DOCTOR II. P. HOWARD ti.-nc el
horn r te ofrecer sus. servicios proíecionales
a lo~ citi iadanosde San Antonio y vecindad.—
.Su oticiii'i se hallara en la calle de Flores en
1 renta la (-asa de Don Casianno. 21-ly
11. *1 . clow, Merchant,
Port Lavaca, ''Duxas,
Dealer in dry goods, groceries,
Hardware, Wooden Ware, Willow Ware
and Fancy inicies.
I g?*Cash Advances made on Cotton. 32
Dri Lucían S. Duval,
Graduate of Jtjj'c/ son College, Philadelphia,
Ol'FEHS his professional services to the
citi/c is of San Antonjo. Office on Main
street, a fejiv doors above Rose and McCarthy's
Store. • 7-U
8-fv
V.\M(*!•*; vfc BROTHEL?,
• Merchants, etc.,
SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS,
Ta.nV'K ¿ lUiO'l'llBK,
* SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS.
I^mphlehlen sich den deutchen Bewohnern
a uie.-c.s lindes ■/.,ir Uebermachung von
Cieldsummen, i>ber Wechseln n:\ch alien Theilen
Deutschlantis, ohne Kostcn dafurzu I t rechnen.
8-1 v
i.. Si ii Kit wood. \vm. ii. godoakd
Sherwood Sl Goddard,
Attorneys and Counselors at Law,
Galveston, Texas.
TTT ILL do business in the District Courts and
VV Supreme Court of this State, and in the
United States District Cour: of Texas, and in
the Supreme Court of the United States. 43
.! p. vrw *TKH
and Medicines.
have formed a eopart-
j. m. t kvi>
Drugs
TilllE subscriber
JL nersfiip utuler the name and firm
•of J. M. DEVINE & CO., and will keep
a lull and complete asscitment of
DRUGS, MEDICINES, PAINTS, OIL. VAR-
MSHES, BRUSHES, PATENT MEDICINES,
kehf l'mekv, fancy A uticlks, books,
stationery, &c ,
At the si^n of the Golden Mortar, corner ol
Main Plaza and Solidad street.
J. M. DEVINE.
J. C. ATWATER.
San Antonio, May 1, 1852. 50-tt
Dr. W. G. Kingsbury
Surgeon Dentist.
'OULD respectfully inform the citizens of
San Antonio and vicinity, that he has per-
manently located in this place, for the purpose
of practicing his profession. All pains spared.
Prices moderate and work warranted.
San Antonio, Dec. 11th, 1851. tf
J. W. Ford,
JEWELLER,
Next door to Hewitt «f* Nctcton's Law Office, on
the Main Plaza, San Antonio, Texas,
KESPECTFULLY tenders his services
to the citizens of San Antonio and
vicinity, in all the various branches of his oc-
cupation. His long experience aud thorough
inewledge of his business, will recommend him
tío a liberal patronage. He keeps constantly on
laand, and ;:or sale, Watches, Glasses, Keys.
iFinger Rings, and a general assortment of orna-
imerrial.Jewelry. 23-1 y
W&t :hes, Clocks and Je-velry repaired.
Fink & 31iller,
Confectionery and Family Groceries,
Conmerce sueet, San Antonio,
Thankful for past favors, respectfully
asnounce to the citizeiisof the city and
surrounding country that they keep con-
«tantlv on hand the best assortment of candy,
paste ".lozenges, nuts, etc., ever brought to this
city, andiha they are prepared to furnish cakes,
oandv and syrups of every description, by order,
at the lowest prices; also, that their well-knowri
SOBA FOlTÍíTAIN wiU be continued for all
those who may favor them with their patronage.
K. D. Johnson,
pO*IMISSiONER OF DEEDS for every
V_^ State in the Union,
GALVESTON, TEXAS.
DEEDS. MORTGAGES, POWERS OF
ATTORNEY, and other Instruments ol Writ-
ing cirawn and authenticated for use or record
in any part of the United States.
¡¿.'^'Instruments acknowledged before a Nota-
ry or other competent officer, in any County in
the State of Texus, and certified to by me as
Commissioner, can be used or recorded in any
State of the Union. Documents forwarded to
me through the mails, will meet with prompt
attention. 32-ly
H. N. & M. N. Potter,
Allot nci/s and Counselors at Law,
GALVESTON,
TTTILL practice in the Supreme Court and
VV Federal Courts of Texas, and also in the
First and adjoining Judicial Districts of the
State. 32-ly
J. P. Davie,
Importer of Building and Plantation
Hardiccre, Cooking and Parlor Stores,
And Manufacturer ot all kinds of
COPPER. TfN AND SHEET IRON "WARE,
at Wholesale,
Tremont Street, Galveston.
§3?* New Steam, Copper and Sheet Iron
Work and Repairing, done to order. 32
C. L. Creigh,
Attorney & counselor at law,
segtjin, Texis.
Will attend promptly to all business entrusted to
his care in the 2d Judicial District. 42-ly
Trevanion T. Teel,
Attorney and Counselor at Law>
LOCKHART—Caldwell co., Texas.
Will give his prompt attention to all business
entrusted to his care in the second Judicial Dis-
irict. n24ly
They lteep on hand, a go*d assortment of
family groceries and country produce. 38ly
J. HAMILTON
KSIKH HF.NDRfifi.
Hamilton & Hendrte,
Attorneys & counselors at law,
AUSTIN, TMUS.
in the District and Supreme
and the United States Dis-
B34V2-1J
Richard M Shinn,
ATTOREY & COUNSELOR-AT-LAW,
LOCHART,
51-ly Caldwell Co., Texas.
Leonard Martin,
Attorney and Counselor at Laic,
LOCKHART—caldwkll Co.,
Will attend promptly to all business apper
tainingiohis profession.entrusted to his care.
C. C. McGinnis,
\ ttorney & counselor at law,
j\ bastrop, texas,
will attend to all business entrusted to his
charge in the Courts of the Second Judicial
District, and in the Supreme Court at Austin.
June 24, 1852. 5-lv
J. A. Poage,
Attorney & counselor at law,
BASTROP, Texas,
will attend to all business entrusted to bis charge
in the courts of the Second Judicial District, and
in the Supreme Court at Austin. 5-1 v
C. Y. HUTCHINSON,
Attorney and Counselor at Law,
COLUMBrS, COLORADO CO.; TEXAS.
92-17
Executive Department, State of Texas,
Austin, Aug. 2d, 1853.
Col. J. S. Gillett,
Ad ft Geril of the State of Texas.
Sin: The very serious and continued
interruption of the peace and security of life
and property on the lower Rio Grande, by In-
dians and other marauding parties, render it
imperatively necessary that immediate steps be
taken by the State to afford requisite protection
to her citizens in that quarter.
With a view, therefore, to acSSmplish this
object, the Department, &fter mucll^onsidera-
tion of the subject, has determined call out
three companies of Mounted Volunteers, to act
as auxiliaries to the forces of the United States
now stationed in that section of the country for
ijS-nu1 ;tarv protection, i, i... . ¿i < jí
You, wi 11tliet^re^pfoceed w¿m all possro
dispatch to the city of Brownsville, on the Rio
Grande, by way of San Antonio and Corpus
Christi, and forthwith organize and muster into
the service of this State, for the period of six
months, unless sooner discharged, three compa-
nies of Mounted Volunteers, fully equipped for
active and efficient duties.
As there is every probability that these volun-
teer companies will be incorporated with the
army of the United States now serving in Texas,
it is highly important that their organization as
to the rank and number of each grade should be
in strjet conformity with the present regulations
of the U. S. dragoon corps, in order that no dif-
ficulties may present themselves when these
troops are mustered into the service of the Uni-
ted States.
When you reach San Antonio, you will call
upon Gen. P. F. Smith, commanding the 8th
Military Department, U. S. A., announcing to
him the nature of your commission. You can
hand him this letter of instructions for his peru-
sal, and also that he may obtain a copy of ii
should he wish it.
At your interview with the General, you will
explain my particular desire that the volunteers
thus called out should be co-operative with the
U. S. troops in discharge of their military duties,
so as to insure the efficiency of their service as
much as possible, and you can, in connection
with this, request that you may be furnished
with copies ot such existing orders and instruc-
tions as the General may deem necessary to that
end.
This will be the more requisite, in consequence
of changes in the disposition of the regular
troops that have been doubtless recently made
in fulfilment of the General's prompt and liberal
assurance to me at our late meeting that he
would give directions lor the immediate rein-
forcement of the military establishment in that
quarter.
You can also avail yourself of the opportunity
to obtain from Gen. Smith any information that
may be considered connected withyaur mission,
as I feel assured that the General wilJ take
pleasure in rendering you any assistance that
may lie in his power. Among other details, the
numerical strength of the companies, and the
number and grade of the officers and non-corn-
missioned officers, fee., will enable you to prop-
erly regulate their organization when you mus-
ter them in.
Although these volunteers will be required to
fully arm and equip themselves, there will be
no impropriety in requesting Gen. Smith to
lend you such aid as circumstances will justify,
in more completely arming them, nor in the re-
quest that they may be furnished with subsist-
ence and such other supplies as are indispensa-
bly necessary.
Arrived at Brownsville, you will lose no time
in organizing and mustering in the three com-
panies, making such a selection of the best men
and horses as circumstances will permit. You
will minutely examine the command, and ac-
cept only such as appear capable of performing
active and energetic service.
As there are no provisions in existence for
the payment of these troops bv the State, you
will be careful to fully explain to each member
of the command the nature of the service, and
that it will require an enactment of the State
Legislature (unless they are eventually mus-
tered into the service of the United States,) to
enable them to receive their pay. You can also
state that should the United States not assume
the responsibility of their payment by muster-
ing them in, there is no doubt but that the call
will be sustained, and that suitable provision
will be made by the next State Legislature on
the presentation of the subject by this Depart-
ment to meet the contingency.
The companies will take precedence accord-
ing to the relative rank of their Captains, and
the senior, or oldest Captain, (who will be de-
termined bt priority of commission,) will be
considered as the commanding officer of the
whole, the number of the companies not war-
ranting the appointment of a field officer.
The field of operation for this volunteer force
will extend from Laredo to Brownsville, or
Point Isabel, if necessary, and they will be re-
quired to protect not only the extreme points of
the line, thus designated, but all the intermedi-
ate—Bellville, Rio Grande City. &c., &c. This
can only be effected by the companies, or por-
tions of them, being to disposed as to form a
chain in such a manner that they could be con-
centrated with facility whenever it became ne-
cessary. From this arrangement, judiciously
made and supported by continual scouting the
whole length of the line, much good may be ex-
pected to result, and the object of the call will
doubtless be accomplished.
In order to avoid any possibility of conflicting
with the regular troops stationed on that portion
of our frontier, you will direct the commanding
officer to communicate from time to time with
the Commanding General of this Military De-
partment, as well as to your office, reporting
his movements and operations, offensive and
defensive, that the General may thereby be ena-^
bled to avail himself of all the information he
can thus derive, in making sach disposition of
the regular troops ts he deems advisable, to act
in concert*
As the nature of the duties devolving upon this
volunteer force are of a peculiar and delicate
character, you will, in your instructions to the
officers, through theircommander, impress upon
them the great importance of the service, and
the urgent necessity for the utmost Vigilance
and activity, combined with sound judgment, in
all their movements. The contiguity of a for-
eign power, the late serious difficulties on the
opposite bank of the Rio Grande, the bands of
outlaws that have for some time infested both
sides of that river, and the increasing Indian
difficulties, call tor all the energy that can be
brought to counteract existing evils. Nothing
but untiring watchfulness and steady resolution
can possibly accomplish the restoration of that
peace and confidence in the citizens of that
country, and the proper respect for the mutual
guaranties to the United States and Mexico by
the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which is so
essential should not only be established, but be
permanently protected.
Your stay in Brownsville will enable you to
see many of the parties who have petitioned
thi# Department for military aid. You can
state that the Executive, iq view of the pressing
emergency, has called out three companies of
volunteers for their protection, trusting that if
the general government does not recognize their
services, that the next State Legislature will
take such steps as will insure their payment,
and he relies with confidence upon the zeal and
patriotism of the citizens oflhe Rio Grande Val-
ley, and elsewhere, for their support of a service
that he has thus endeavored to establish for
their protection.
It is the wish of the Executive that all the
counties erahraeed in tfcat section of country
should be repreaenled in <
and as far as posible tha
who have, already formed
tion for the performance of 1
have an opportunity of part
ganization, if they fo desire
The individuals ;selected to i
panies ifave been llready dest|
As soon after year return to f
ticable, you will submit a writ
Department of the execution d
sion. ^
1 am, sir, very respect
Your ob'edié
i companies,
individuals
?r associa-
tive, should
this or-
fprac-
rto this
commis-
53= At tlie request oif
we publish the foltowiij
Secretary Corwin's n
Howard, in reference
ses> ^°hu F. Gordon, $lerk fbrei
Court, with tire seal of «aid Court,
I citizens
ilar ;-nfafc
bidé
>ort?
owing
A Cheap and Good Pence
JVe commend to the planters tlie fol-
lowing suggesting on this subject, com-
municated by au experienced and practical
man:
As tbe timber in many portions of our
country is becoming scarce, it becomes a
matter of much*interest to know how wc
may economise, and dr> the most fencing
with, a little timber^ Hedging is the rem-
edy to whieh our minds most generally
turn, apd perhap# tiie a^aas which we
shall hire, at some dav. tr)fhaAT]j- necessi-
propose a
a our
ure,
simply to
If-feet
rmilesbe-l
Of
Homely Truth Briefly Said.
Of one hundred men, it would be safe
we think to assert, that at least seventy-
five have a strong idea to be possessed of
worldly goods and property,—in a word to
be rich. Of these seventy-five, in our ac-
tive and ready-witted American popula-
tion, it would rarely happen that one was
entirely wanting in the faculty of diligence
and yet few, up to the middle age, ac-
quire a competency, or in respect to for-
tune accompKsh their wishes. Can any
man ghe us the philosophy of this fre-
quent result ? It appears to lie in a small
compass. Tiiere is in every community
a number of persons determined not to
labor, who lend their whole inert energies
to the reversal of the orde^f. tho, Si
tures, " By the sweat of tlijJ>row
¿ Tb., then
oin/rfmi uiree sexo*
to c&r Rio Grants trade in the
articles specified.
Treasury Department, )
May 14th, 1852. ^
Sm: Iu regard to the representations
and complaints made in the letter referred
by you to this Department, addressed to
yourself under date of the 21st ult. by
Messrs. W. S. Wallace, Edward Dw^er
and others—citizens of San Antonio, Tex-
as—respecting seizures by direction of the
Officers of the Customs in the District of
Brazos de Santiago, of large herds or lots
of animals imported from Mexico, pur-
porting to be designed for breed, I have
the honor to state that the Department
has called upon the Collectors of Brazos
for a roport of all the facts connccted with
the cases complained of, together with an
account of any proceedings that have taken
place under his authority or directions.
Upon the receipt of the requisite informa-
tion from the Collectors, due and prompt
consideration will be given by the Depart-
ment to the matter, and such action taken
as the law and facts may render ncces
sary.
As erroneous views seem to be enter-
tained by some persons engaged in the
importation of animals of the description
before referred to, respecting the require-
ments of law regulating such importations,
as well as the extent of the exemption
from duty contemplated by its provisions,
I would respectfully refer to the enclosed
circular instructions, issued by the De-
partment for the1 government of the re-
spective officers* of the customs on this
subject, dated 7th April,' 1849.
Very respectfully, your ob'ts't,
THO. COR WIN,
Secretary of the Treasury.
Hon. V olney E. Howard,
U. S. House of Representatives.
Circular Instructions to Collectors and
other Officers of the Customs.
Treasury Department, >
April 7th, 1849. \
It has been intimated to this Depart-
ment that attempts are not unfrequently
made to introduce, free of duty, into the
collection districts of the United States
lying on the Canadian frontier, animals in
large numbers, of a description and under
circumstances, hardly compatible with an
intention, in good faith, to importtl for
breed," and with a view to prevent any
such evasion of the law, the attention of
tlie officers of the Customs is specially
callcd to thb subject.
By the provisions of the existing tariff
law, as well as under former laws of the
same description, " animals imported for
breed " are specially exempted from duty.
In pursuance of this exemption, the
94th section of the Collection act of 2d
March, 1799, prescribes that due entry
shall be made of such animals "as in the
case of other goods, wares or merchandise,"
aud the importer is required to make oathi
or affirmation that they are actually im-
ported for the purpose of breed. That act
subjects io seizure aud forfeiture " any
horses, cattle, sheep, swine, or other useful
beasts," landed in violation of those pro-
visions.
It is therefore obvious that such animals
only as are imported, in good faith, for
breed, are exempted from duty by the law.
This exemption cannot, without a de-
parture from the obvious intent as well as
the terms of the law, be extended to ani-
mals imported for speculation or profit,
and to be sold, bartered and disposed of,
like any other article of imported mer-
chandise.
Impressions or doubts as to the actual
intention of the importer in these cases
may, it is conceived, sometimes, suggest
themselves to the minds Of the Collector,
which nothing but the local information
of that officer, and his knowledge of all the
attending circumstances, would be compe-
tent to remove. The determination of
any such question of doubt must therefore
be left to the sound judgment of the Col-
lector in view of ail the facts and circum-
stances of each case as it occurs. Conse-
quently, whenever the Collector shall not
be fully satisfied that the animals are im-
ported forfireed, in good faith, as declared,
or proposed to be declared, by the person
applying to enter the same, he should re-
fuse a free entry, and exact the duty.
W. M. MEREDITH.
Sec'y of the Treasury.
The City of London Police force
amounts to 569 men. the Metropolitan to
5,225; total 5,794. The Constabulary of
Ireland numbers 12,321; the Dublin Po-
lice force, 1.070.
Ambition ofte#pats men upon doing the
meanest offenses, so clrming is performed
in the same posture with creeping '
at the bo
commencing, let the posts be set slightly
in the ground in a straight row on the
side to which the dirt is to be thrown, aud
at such distauce from the edge of the ditch
as will make the row to correspond with
the greatest elevation of the earth which
is thrown out. This excavated earth
should be thrown just far enough from the
ditch not to slide back or be easily washed
into it again by rain. The posts thus de-
posited will be well planted by the earth
which will be thrown around them, with-
out further trouble, only needing to be
straightened up a little, to make the line
true The top of this loose earth should
be smoothed to a line or level, with a hoe
or rake, so that the first plank shall rest
upon it. This done, the planting may
commence. The base plank should be
twelve inches wide and one iuch thick;
above this a space of four inches, then a
plank six inches wide, then a space of six
inches, and another six inch plank. Saw
off the tops of the posts, and the fence is
completed.
The posts should be planted at the dis-
tauce of eight feet from each other, and
the plank be sixteen feet long, aud the
joints should alternate, so that each suo-
ceeding plank should join on a different
post from that below. The posts from this
fence may be split like rails from any suit-
able timber, and one side straightened, on
which the plank are to be nailed. If
greater neatness be desired, the posts may
bs sawed. They should be about four or
five inches square, and will be required to
be about five and a half feet long, three
feet of which should stand above the level
of the earth thrown on the side of the
ditch. This may seem to bo low, and in-
secure against bad stock, but our observa-
tion justifies us in saying, no such danger
may be apprehended. With plank at one
dollar per hundred, the cost of the fence
would be two cents a foot. If the posts be
split, the cost would be but a small item,
and the nails almost nothing. If sawed,
the additional cost may be easily estima-
ted, and we apprehend in most cases, in
either event, will be found below the cost
of the rail fence. The ditching may seem
a formidable undertaking, but any field
laborers may soon Jearn to execute it with
neatness and despatch, and once done it
remains permanent—requiring little Te-
pairs—and if hedging afterwards be desi-
rable, the ditch will greatly aid in the
speedy prosecution of that purpose. On
many farms requiring to be drained, the
ditches may be so arranged as to answer
the double purpose of drying the land, and
forming the fence.
The Production of Fish.—A female
carp will deposit something like a quarter
of a million eggs; a sturgeon six or seven
millions; a salmon several hundreds.
Yet of these very'few are really fecundated,
or grow into fish, on account of the acci-
dents which destroy them, not to mention
the quantity devoured by other fish.
Two humble fishermen of France have re-
cently directed their attention to this mat-
ter, and have devised a plan by which all,
or the greater part of, these eggs may be
fecundated, and rivers stocked with fish to
an incalculable amount. A pamphlet
before us describes the simple plan, and
gives much more information on the sub-
ject. The discoverers have merely watch-
ed,the operations of Nature, and guarded
against the thousand accidents which inter-
rupt those operations. The eggs grow
within the overies of the female until they
become burdensome to her, and she re-
lieves herself of them by pressing her
stomach against the pebbles, or any other
substance, at the bottom of the water.
The eggs flow from her into a hole which
she prepares for them. By a similar pro-
cess the male relieves himself of the milt,
which, flowing on the eggs, fecundates
them. The fish then cover up these eggs
with sand or pebbles, and leave them to
become fish in due course. All, therefore,
that man need do is to insulate these eggs
from the destructive accident of rivers,
aud to fürnish them with all the necesary
conditions. This has been accomplished
by the simple plan of Oahin and Remy,
who under the patronage of the Govern-
ment, have stocked streams and rivers in
various parts of France. In a report
made by Dr. Haxo, to the Academy of
Sciences, in 1839, we read that these men
had formed a piece of water, belonging ex-
clusively to them, in which they have now
between five and six millions of trout, aged
from one to three years. There is news to
fly-fishers, and gentlemen whose trout
streams are impoverished!
;—
German Emigrants.—The German pop-
ulation, says a Cincinnati paper, are in-
dustrious, thrifty and orderly people. It
would be an almost endless task to sum
up the good they have done to this land.
The wealth they bring is but a drop com-
pared with the wealth they produce. Their
comings secure more gold than the mines
of California, for while the latter may be
exhausted, the result of continued labor
never can bé.
Tobáceo.
A very bad man thus talks of thai
pleasant article.
" ^« remember viridly and well, in oar
years of sin and shame, when we defiled
our mouth with the vile, filthy, disgnstiag
and deadly narootie, we were dry about
every hour, and with a develish sort of
thirst mere brandy would not becio to ex-
tinguish ; it took a brandy smasher or
some other equally potent drum of diluted
hell fire, to quench the tobacco drought.
It was chew aud drink, drink and chew,
alternately through the day; and we are
entirely convinced that chewing superin-
duced morbid thirst, and drinkine incited
the ci*ewíug. ^J3o thoroughly satisfied are
talr^thelr resolution* wítV"
born uniformity to the endf of t!
not to sweat; but to' " keep cool y~Sn
let others do the hard work in the heat of
the day. Characters of this stamp are to
be found in every town, village, city and
district in the country.
And how do they live 1 Simply by
using others. Either by getting posses-
sion of their property, without paying for
it, on false credit, or by bringing others
in, by way of loans aud endorsements, to
pay their debts. In a word, diligent
Americans fail to grow rich, at least to se-
cure a competency, by not collecting the
debts they have earned in their calling,
or by having to pay tho debts of other
people. These are two failures of the
country.
g about total
Farmers Families.
Thus says an eminent farmer at the
north, and his words are frought with wis-
dom.
"First let.the front of the house be
thrown open, and the most convenient,
agreeable and pleasant in it to be selected
as the family room. Let its doors be ever
open ; and when the work of the kitchen
is completed, let mother and daughters be
found there with their appropriate work.
Let it be the room where the family altar
is erected, on which the father offers the
morning and evening sacrifice. Let it be
consecrated to neatness, and purity and
truth. Let no hat ever be seen in the
room on the head of its owner; let no
coatless individual bo permitted to enter
it. If fathers head is bald—and some
there are in that predicament—his daugh-
ter will be proud to see liis temples cover-
ed by the neat, graceful silken cap, that
her own hands have fashioned for him.
If the coat he wears by day is too heavy
for the evening, calicoes are cheap, and so
is cotton wadding. A few shillings placed
in that daughter's hands, insure him the
most comfortable wrapper in the world;
and if his boots are hard, and the nails
cut mother's carpet, a bushel of wheat
once in three years will keep him in slip-
pers of the easiest kind. Let the table,
which has always stood under the looking-
glass, against the wall, be wheeled into the
room ; its leaves raised, and plenty of use-
ful, not ornamental, books and periodicals
be placed upon it. When evening comes,
bring on the lights, and plenty of them—
for sons and daughters—all who can—will
be most willing students. They will read,
they will learn, they will discuss the sub-
ject of their studies with each other, and
parents will often be as much interested as
their children. The well conducted agri-
cultural journals of our day, throw a flood
of light upon the science and practice of
agriculture ; while such a work as Down-
ing's Landscape Gardening, laid one year
upon that centre table, will show its effects
to every passerbj', for with books and stud-
ies like these a pure taste is born and grows
most vigorously.
a Man can Live Upon.—The
vegetarians will find an argument for their
antipathy to flesh, in the result of some
expefinients made in the Glasgow prison,
where it was found that ten persons gain-
ed four pounds of flesh cach in two
mouths, eating for breakfast eight ounces
of oatmeal, made in to a porridge, with a
pint of buttermilk; for dinner, 3 lbs. of
boiled potatoes with salt; for supper, 5
ounces of oatmeal porridge, with a half pint
of buttermilk, which cost two pence three
farthings per day. Ten others gained
three and a half pounds flesh, eating six
pounds of boiled potatoes daily, taking
nothing with them but salt. Ten others
ate the same amount of porridge and butter-
milk without the potatoes, as the first ten,
but for dinner had soup ; they lost one
and a quater pounds of flesh each ; and
twenty others who had less potatoes, but
a half pound of meat for dinner, diminish-
ed in sise likewise. From this, it would
appear that potatoes were better diet than
smalfer quantities of animal food, at least
for persons in confinement; the meat eat-
ers, if they had been allowed odinary ex-
ercise, which an individual usually takes
when in freedom, might have exhibited a
a very different result.
A Tall Bridge.—A bridge is to be con-
structed over the Genesee river, at Port-
age. for the Hornsville and Buffalo rail-
road, which will be 234 feet high, and
when completed will be one of the grand*
est specimens of art in this country.
Only think of a locomotive, with a train
of cars, running in the air higher than the
top of Bunker Hill Monument.
^
The area of the Japanese empire is said
to be 266,000 square miles, which make it
larger than France and England put to-
gether. The population is reckoned by
the American writers, and probably with-
out exaggeration, at thirty millions; less
civilized no doubt than the Chinese, but a
good dosl more hardy and Warlike.
deatrUcfiOTa^WW^^Pft wa woula poma *'
by prohibiting the cultivation of tobacco."
And a bad married woman with a to-
bacco consuming husband thus sings.
Hs sits in the corner from morning till night.
'Tis smoke, chew, «moke.
He rises at down his pipe to light.
Goes puffing and chewing with all his might,
Till the hour of sleep. 'Tis his deRght
To smoke, chew, smoke.
The Quid foes in when the pipe foes out
'Tis chew, chew, chew,
Now a cloud of smoke goes up from his throat
I hen his mouth sends a constant stream afloat
'Tis chew, chew, chew.
He sits all day in a smoke or fog,
'Tis puff, puff, puff,
He growls at his wile, tbe eat and dog.
Lie covers with filth the carpel and rug
And his only answer when 1 give him a jog
Ii puff, puff, puff,
The house all o'er irom cad to end,
Is smoke, smoke, smoke,
In whatever loom my way I may wend.
If I take his clothes to patchand mend, '
Ungrateful perfumes will ovér ascend
Ol smoke, smoke smoke.
At home or abroad, afar or near,
'Tis smoke, che «*, sm.,kc,
His mouth is stuffed from ear, to ear
Or puffing the stump of a pipe so dear,
And his days will cud, I verrily fear
In smoke, smoke, smoke.
Abstinence.
Listen to that erudite Essayist Addi-
son, on this subject. The following were
the thoughts, of one of the fathers of En-
glish Literature more than one hundred
years ago.
We find that those parts of the world
are the most healthy, whero they subsist
by the chase; and that men lived longest
when their lives were employed in hunting,
and when they hadi little food besides what
they caught. Blistering, enpping, bleed-
ing, arc seldom of use but to the idle and
intemperate; as all those inward applica-
tions which are 60 much in practice among
us, are, for the most part, nothing else but
expedients to make luxury consistent with
health. The apothecary is perpetually
employed to undermine the eook and the
vintner. It is said of Diogenes, that,
meeting a young man who was going to a
feast, he took him up in the street, and
caried him home to his friends, as one who
was running into imminent danger, had
not he prevented him. What would that
philosopher have said, had he been present
at the gluttony of a modern meal? Would
not he have thought the master of a family
mad, and have begged his servants to tie
down his hands, had he seen him devour
fowl, fish, and fllesh; swallow oil and vine*
gar, wines and spices ; throw down sallada
of twenty different herbs, sauces of an
hundred ingredients, confections and fruits
of numberless sweets and flavors? What
unnatural motions and counter-ferments
must such a medley of intemperance pro-
duce in the body ? For my part, when I
behold the fashionable table set out in all
its magnificence,"I fancy that I see gouts
and dropsies, fevers and lethargies, with
other innumerable distempers, lying in
ambuscade aifcmg the dishes.
Shakers in the United State*.—There
arc now eighteen societies of this singu-
lar sect in the United States—four iu
Massachusetts, two in Maioc, two in New
Hampshire, one in Connecticut, three in
New York, four in Ohio, and two in Ken-
tucky. There are also individual mem-
bers in fellowship, who reside apart from
tbe regular settlements. Ths first shaker
community was established near Manches-
ter, England, aboutlbe yea* 174fe«J*mes
and Jane WaiMM^eing the fir
ters. Eight mctrroers of this IttfteTband
embarked from Liverpool fpr New York,
in 1774, and two years after they took up
their residence in the woods of Watervliet,
about seven miles northwest of Albany,
New York. During the year 1779 and
1780, many of the residents in New Leb-
anon, N. Y., and vicinity, became converts
to their doctrinea, and soon after a sooietv
was founded and established there, which
is recognised as the parent or leading so-
oity in the United States, and from which
the several ejfcer societies had branches,
have sprung up.
While the sow is carrying her young,
feed her abundantly, and increase the
quantity until parturition approaches
within a week or so, when it is well to di-
minish both the quantity and quality.
While she is giving suck yeu cannot feed
too well. You may wean the young at
eight weeks old, and should remore them
for that purpose from the sow * feed them
weH, frequently, abundantly, but not to
leaving, on moist, nutritious food, and pay
particular attention to thier lodgement a
warm, dry, comfortable bed is of as muoh
consequence as feeding, if not mors.
Should the sow exhibit any tendency io
devour her young, or should she have done
so on a former occasion^ strap up hew
mouth for the first three or f
only releasing!* to admit of her
méalsr
; %
i
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Van Derlip, D. C. The San Antonio Ledger. (San Antonio, Tex.), Vol. 3, No. 13, Ed. 1 Thursday, August 19, 1852, newspaper, August 19, 1852; (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth179383/m1/1/: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu.; crediting The Dolph Briscoe Center for American History.