Sherman Daily Democrat (Sherman, Tex.), Vol. 41, No. 273, Ed. 1 Tuesday, May 23, 1922 Page: 3 of 8
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SHERMAN bAILY DEMOCRAT, TUESDAY-MAY 23. 1922.
X
THREE
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By OSCAR P. AUSTIN.
Statistician. The National City Bank
qf Ncm Kw|
During Bolahevlaf labor dis-
pute in Moscow recently some
printers, turning «ut paper -money
J or the Government, struck for
s. Tib* strike *was hn-
settkd by ]>«& agreement that
higher wages. The strike was fin-
ally settled by aA agr<
each printer should be entitled to
the amount of money he could
turn out in One hour each day,
priming the notes -for himself not
higher in dtgofnittation than 500
* ".vy&en, lif comparison, we con-
aide# bow .Un<;le Sam manufac-
tures pur moftey down in Wash-
; lAgtOii and at the -several mints
and now carefully every penny is
guarded against loss this loose
" od of money making in Rus-
t present seems almost unbe-
kle to a^good'many Amer?
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A Private Mint
*i£T
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AwasBF
Yet it is a fact that at the pres-
ent day a certain form of money
©nc* widely current in America but
now quite unknown to most peo-
ple is manufactured in this coun- _
try in just as free and easy a man-
ner as anything the Bolshevists
might attempt. Moreover, it is no
snore counterfeit than the Russian
coinage, although, our Government
has nothing to do with its produc-
tion and does not in any way rec-
ognize it as specie.
Quite recently there was placed
on exhibition in the Bergen .Coun-
ty, New Jersey, Historical Society
a private money making machine
which had been in use for nearly
one hundred years, no less than-
four generations of one family em-
plowing it for extensive money
nounccment the question naturally
arises: What are the operatives of
JJncle Sam's Secret Service doing
' MM MB I
mafcMtafli
IN
in no way resembles Unit#dU$fwfti
coinage. Nevertheless in certain
sections of the Wcat it was wxce
quite extensively used for. sale and
barter, and is still liinitcdly em-
ployed. In brief this "motley" is
what has always been known to
the Indians as wampum and for a
long time, after the arrival of the
white matt, it was very much more
valuable to the original inhabitants
of America than the white man's
coinage. In fact the Indian's
loathness to dispense with his
wampum is the reason for the ex-
istence right down to our time of
a der
rency
ig
a demand for this primitive cur-
Whites Manufacture Indian Money
The Indians, of course, were the
first wampum makers but when it
became a medium of exchange for
the early colonists and traders the
white men took up its manufacture
and have continued to make it long
years after the Indians themselves
have stopped doing so.
There are several reasons for
this but the principal one is that
the encroachment of the set-
tlers upon their territOrv, the In-
dians nave been gradually driven
away from the'sea. to the .Interior
plains where the proper shells for
the manufacture of wampum are
not obtainable. The white - man
living near the coast can, however,
still secure all the sea shells re-
quired. Thus the Indians have
come to depend ^entirely upon
them for their wampum.
A Family Affair
Most 'pf this wampum making
came finally to be carried on by a
Ne
ng purposes. With this an- few old families of Southern New
Jerse
for i
y, {premost amongst whom
the
sMt
bells,
90 5B
many years were the Camp-
From the early part of the
m
i $
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'^Above, William Pcnn't Treaty with the Indians. From a rare old feriht,
9W, The elaborate belt of wampum given Penn by the Indian* to eettl the
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j v A curious wampum making machine m use tor IW years.
. ..i,
' ' .. ' '
m allow a private money making
ifeterprise to go on without mo-
nies tat ion? , The answer is simple—
*|hc m6ney made on this machine
18th- century until quite-recently
when the last member of this fam-
ily died, these people turned out
vast quantities of wampum for In-
|fc; 'MMLW; ..tf*
Below,
dian usage/
The second and third generations
of wampum making Campbells
supplied much wampum to John
Jacob A&tor, who used it in buy-
ing furs from the Indians. It was
probably Mr. Astor who opened up
the way for the Campbells' exten-
sive wampum trade on the plains
and in the far west, which ha* last-
ed to the present, although its
manufacture it* now very rapidly
dying, as the Indians have bccome
more and move civilized and ac-
customed to the intrinsic value of
the white man's money. Yet some
wampum is still made on the New
Jersey Coast.
A Wampum Workshop
The interior of a wampum work-
shop is as different as it is possible
to be from a regulation mtnt. In
fact in its primative nature it more
nearly resembles a limekiln.. The
floors are hidden from sight by
great heaps of shells, and the rude
benches and tools are covered en-
tirely with white-dying du^t as the
shells are being ground and drilled.
and suggests the application of in- ers, and. giving the cord a
numerable coats of whitewash,
KPli
which in fact it really is.
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The wampum makers purchase a
cartload of conch and clam shells
for 2$ cents, delivered at their
doors, and when a shell of sufficient
thickness is selected it is broken
with hammer and chisel into cubes
of about two inches in length and
one-third of an in<;h square. The
piece of shell . is then securely
wedged into "a vise made of two
pieces of wood, connected with a*
hinge in the center. The jaws of
the vise are opened and the shells
inserted. Then the vise is closed
tightly and held by pressure
against the grindstone. In this
manner, in a short time, the edges
treaty.
' W' -
forth, from right to left, till the
sharp end of the drill penetrates
through the cube of shell from end
to eiid lepgtkwise.
When a sufficient number of
cujbes are completed they are then
smoothed a|id polished with emery
paper and strung on wires, pre-
cisely the same as children string
beads, and they are then ready for
the market. The wampum that is
made from the streaked, bluish
parts of hardrclam shells is the
most' beautiful, and therefore more
valuable, and is harder and tough-
er to work. The price paid for the
products of this now almost obso-
lete industry is 14 c^nts. a running
of the shell are rounded, and then .
the drill is brought into use. * * 'nch on the string, and the average
* * amount of money made by these
The workman sits at a three-
legged table, the top of which is
fashioned from the half of a log,
the under side still retaining the
original bark covering, and affix-
ing one end of the drill to play
freely in a button on his jacket,
he next takes up a whalebone bow,
similar to the kind used by jewel-
HpMHH
about the spool on the drift, he
■« -
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r works the bow rapidly back and
fj. P. at •. **>
money made by these
shell money makers is about $6 a
day during the season.
Origin of Wampum
In the Hall of the Indians of the
Woodlands, in The American
Museum of Natural History, New
York, may be seen a case contain-
ing strings and belts oi curious-
looking white and purple beads.
This is wampum, and was used as
currency by l^he Indians, early col-
onists and traders, and the Indians
also employed it in their ceremo-
nies and as a badge qf authority.
Among other traditions ^explain*,
ing how wampum first tame to be
used, the Iroquois have one to the
effect that once Hiawatha, on a
journey, came to a little lake, and
was wondering hotf to cross it
when a flock of ducks appeared and
.settled on the water. When they
flew away, the water had disap-
peared, and Hiawatha, looking on
the dry bed of the lak^, saw that
tt was covered with shells. Of
these he made the tirtet wampum.
Despite this legend and similar
ones, however, it is beHeved that
the earliest wampum was made of
small pieces of wood ofoequal size,
sttiincd black or white. Porcupine
quills are also said to have been
used. Later, wampum was made
from afcells, sometime* o£ (he
fresh-water varieties, but generally
of sea-shells.j\ The best wampum"
was made from the hearts of the
common hard clam of Long Island,
While shell beads were early
manufactured by the Indians along
the Atlantic shore, they were rare
West of the Hudson River before
the seventeenth century, With the
arrival of the colonists, the Indians
were suppling with tools which
made it possible for them to work
a greater variety of shells and to
produce more finished work.
Paying Fare With Wampum
^For. ages wampum was used by
the Indians almost solely as
money. The making of wampum
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AL A M(ai< 4k.it '—- * ■
wPKr'wifi
P1^ by them : " T' '
> dPbr a long tune ar- j
rival wampum wa« fu use at com-
mon currency among the Dutch >
colonists. Its value was at one tim«
four for a penny, and at another i
time six for a penny. In Masaa- j
chusetts, in 1648, wampum, if of j
v K><i ^quality, was legaf tender to
the amount of forty shillings. Thf i
white beads were r«ted at eigh^lir
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Tee Yee NeenHo Ga Row Emperor of
the Six Nation* holding the wampum
belt which he presented aa an evidence
oi good faith to hi* white brothera.
\From a scarce engraving.)
u
belts 'by them seems to date back
otily as far as the advent of the
white men. All the belt^1 whichf
•have been found are of beads which
were undoubtedly made either by
Different designs of wampum k Jem
a penny, the Wfck beads at four,
for a penny. The use of wamp
as money among vhe colonists
New York was continued until i
at least, as at that time, according
to an old record,* "the ferriag
each single person from New
to Brqoklyn was eight stivers fa
wampum, or a silver two pence.*
. rwampum Aa Ornammte.
Messengers from one trios
Indians to another used
and belts of wamptmt t|
tials. In time the articles mode *>!
wampum came to have great ay
bolical importance dependent
the cokprs and arrangeSenTof _
beads. They were also used aa
memory aids to-f^ keepers of'the
oral traditions of the Indiana.
While, as a medium of ex
th dark beads were rated
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than the light and white beads, fo«
symbolical purposes, these latter^
beads, however, were auspicious
pj
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while the dark onea were Jnanspi* s
ctous, having to do, in the mea <
sages or records, with death, wa^/:
etc. .
Wampum was also warn
ornament by the Indian
men and women. It was .
into collars, necklaces, ear pend-i
ants, (.bracelets, armlets, girdles
anklets and headdresa decoration.
Wampum pipes," long tubular ' 1
shell beads of about the length of
do
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a
«r- -r--Tt v- ■^•rrr'T
the common pipe-stem, and per-,
forated disc-shaped ah^a, as Sell
•a iphells ground into various
shapes including the forms of ani-
mals, were also in common use at
*H« time by the Indiana, •
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14 CHARGES ARE
T
A
t
SHERIFFS CWTCH WJ1J- BE
HO! ND OVEB TO AWAIT ACfION
OF ORAM) JURY
(JMffrtoMj jifu-r it was eriteml ami
io) 1kiI uf m'voimI huudred dollar* wortlj
♦ •f ui< r< luuulisr and automobile tiren,
Wlirn I hi* snnif truck* WSfrf mtu lend-
ing ir< m the store of Owens & Johnson r
at after* it was roblxHl ot
about $1,000 worth of im'txlihlidise «
short timn later, the officers adOjuc
the theory that, both jolw were perform-
ed by Mine parties. The officer*
lugnn a 4Um wateh of a number Of i**r-
y« ns um < ars.Jn l>enV o i. nml Sattinlny
afternoon srtKMtly niter 4 oVlQek, mat
tersj^adted.sueh ti stage tiku the firs
nnest wn* fn.tde.
After making the first arrest. Sheriff
(Vnlg went to fh * hon?*e whete it was
known that the tmn li^ed. nat! found
#
i
Ipi^i lii g P Strong, a 1 vo a ^anQltltfte for
j{> ^?nit(Hl States Senate, who had at^
' runitwM
SPENDS THE DAY
m.
r ^ . v several of the men engnmnf in moving
Fourteen ehaTgM* of burglary, ffttro- nieivhawUse fn>M tl;o attie <if therfhimt*#,
They wewfct«-ow t* taiten into rrrktortr. f i «r
The rihmIk found u:id invoiitvl nmonnt- man ;it 11 o'clock Tuesday
3 hi- rml
IT
m
dueing atpi^ progfjty, and haviig i*i
their figwiitfUii stolen property, wen*
1.M-.I in the Justice Qtfert of H. I>. Cum
in Sherman Monday ^ g|tf rn<s't)
a gainst J.JEV. Howard, Marry Marlon.
Calvin W^I6r, Heuben Msrlow and n-
linn KUkm*. the five ftetilson men ar
reKhit lir J'cnison Saturday n1g*if sad
Muyinii v by Sheriff Boyd Cr «|g and tt*
putfes In connect ion with the Invest iga
tion Sheriff Craig has been making of
m*ent siofe tmrglaries in * Denlson,
jftettahoro, t « orgetown and Woodville.
The examinina trials of the men were
set for Tuesday afternoon, before Jus-
• ttee t'umhy. ■ <*« > ; * t- ^--
■- In Hie arrest of* the five menf, county
officers liSPlleve that fhey harfe solved
cases equally Important with the rob-
bing of the Weston and Ravenna hanks
and the burglary of a Sherman store,
and theft of Severn 1 cars, which were
ch ared up with the arrest of fotir Wen
ami two women In a !>etfl en fesidoiiy*
in February. The burglaries of several
atOies in (Jrayson County and in Okla-
homa receutly were apparently sol veil
hi thefhiding of a sto're of ffierehafidlse
in the attic or the house where the t^n
Here taken in custody, much of which
lms ljeen identified by different mer
chants who have lost goods during the
pnst several tveeks. 4 *
In starting his investigation, Sheriff
Craig had little more than the automo-
bile tire trftt^s which were seen leading
from the store of T. B. Smith, near
EAKS AT COURT HOI SF, AT S
P. M —WTKRUKG P. STRONG
C ANCKIuS UATX
. —- -
Karl H. "^layfh'ld. candidate for tTif
In Wlu>r,
Iff niiv i *
morning.
mi to aiproximately a::d \vi.l «:mk |n tin- Fifieeiift* District
..ti i.-j.usAof (.„ur; nt s „VI,„.U Tl,„S(1 r
vllle were in Denir .i M<cid;iy alte^- jJ- " J ;
noon. «£ MM lilo,ittfi il iart at „ ,.0Jlfli,, „f
the re«ov( rrd loot as goods trow tb n }
date*
nouneed that he would speak hi Slier
map at H o'clock Tuesday cveninn. hg-
cancelled the dalir and wiU speak l^ei
at a later date. ifr. Strong will sia-
in Denlson Tncs<lfty-night at 8 o'clock.
Mr. Mjiyfield was met in ftheramn
by a number of his friends, who in-
tnMluced liltu to many pi-ople. He ex-
pfeaaed himself as highly pleased with
his campaign so far. He spafce at Den-
i*on Monday night. -*
Mr. St rung Spoke at Van AlStyue Mon-
day affenitWin. lie was introdu&'d l y
ibe Rev. f^eo Johnston, jwistvM* the
'christian Church nt Van Algtyne, and
s|>nke for about aw hour and slated bis
position ou thf issues of the camimign.
stressing sjiedally the duties of th«> vot-
State; the prohibition lav/, the railroad
question and-the failure of tbe Repub.
llcan party .tp p its . pre-election
pledgetw
NEGRO CHARGING WITH ROB
BING H^fK OF ABK MARKS
HELD FOR GRAND JLRY
Jot IVnu. nrgro, arreste«l Saturday
afte:no<«n at Mclvinney at the instance
of .Chief of Police Frank Reeee, and
il WOMAN'S BACK
conner-ted after IiIk arre«t with the hur^ land pnlnu.
kran«'y reniedy ainl 1 ani glad to re-
< omincmi Hu m.''
) ll'iice 00c, at. nil dealers. Don't simply
— ask for a*kidney remeily-^get Doan's '
The Adviee of Tliis Sherman Woman Kidney Tills the same that Mrs. Potter
la of Ortain Value. had. Foster-.Milburn Co.. Mfra., Buf-
falo, X. Y. Adv.
Many a Woman's bach hai many aches c«>ffee tree yields about one pona<|
t n
rv-lfiStrmt
-SPr,".
:7w , .
glary^of the home of Mr. and Mrs. Abe
Marks. North Travis street, was hound
over before Justice of the Peace R. A.
McCary Monday afternoon, on charges
of l.nrgbity and theft. His lanid was
fixed at fflOy ip each of the two cases.
Piaui. froin whom goods were takefi to
the v&lW of about $250, including cloth-
tug jind :je\V(4i>v identified as coming
from the Marks home Just three hours
beforo.JiiM arrest. Admitted he entered
I he home. The burglary was not known
until Pemt-wa* arrested ami tlie goods
hlearttfied as belonging to Mr. Marks
found on him.
of coffee.
; Offtimes tis the kidneys' fault.
""a"'S Kl'"'"}' ,'i"" . N«< « l«rtMe of teMt W to
Many Sberihan women know this. KF^8ID£g? 1 t^rfitnini^i °i
h":lls s'or('s- Yon wlU be pl«&s-
soys : 1 bad an aita<k of kidney Iron! ^ ^ ^ v>'
ble sotiie timeJ ago and snfferetl from . *T *7?™ ZZ;
a dull gche in the small of my bai k. At ' —
times it was so Iwd 1 couldn't do iny |
housework. esp«>c4attjuinytWpg where I
had to do any bend Hi g of lifting.
TTougttt a tioi ot i* an ir muney
and iu a short time my back lieeame bet-
tcr. Doan's Kidney Pills are a good
'Mm
au
store, by co*te'italics and Consignment
addreMM< s. '
*
-r
Children, cjrii mere t lia tS adults, re-
quire fresh
-
...r
m. ,
■*if-1 r
t
jKaSfhi*
i
To Night
ARE YOU FIT
TO MARRY?
Men-See This
Again Today—
WILLIAMS
in
, .• h
4>The Man From
Downing Street"
,|v • XU
JLH-
!!&•'
Eg|%aa /•'
i ■
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Wednesday and
Thursday— j
Antonio Moreno
'/ •< ' /'t ^ ■ • v'-'" : ji; '
-?■ «> — ;•
[ "GUILTY
CONSCIENCE"
A picture such as you often
long for but seldom see,
Coming—
"WHO AM I"
THEATRE
LAST DAY TO SEE
Lois'Webers Big Production
U >t
iiwy-'ii | ■
A story of a mighty problem of the home.
. I.. ^ .r,M ' '
"EXCUSE ME, SHERIFF."
One of those focny Sunshine Concdie$.
9 Reels—Big Doable Show—9 Reels
Special Fhre Piece Orchestra every night from 7 to 10 o'clock
" 4 Coolest Theatre ia Town. -M
Tomorrow— . "" "eM.
Thoma. SanUchi in "The Wolver"
Charles Hutchison in "Go-Get-Em Hutch"
A Good Comedy, "Step On It"
Thursday, Friday and Saturday-
TOM MIX in "TRAILING."
Noted dare-devil star of the screen in a novel
role and a fascinating tale of mystery and
lightning like action.
Pfe'8-"
. Sfe'. UJ-i. *•■■■■
■. ';u
Bw:H
' - J.
I1
91
SHERMAN'S LEADING THEATRE.
i; ^ >-.h.
Wednesday and Thursday
IN AlCLAIR
5. JwR'.j ^
• WW-
•'v -V. vS k
mm
10c Ladies 10c
m
Kmm-
- • •
M
4 Act Comedy
KEEP TO THE
RIGHT
A Woman with a Past May Not
Be a Vamp—
And then again She may.
But, girls—don't trust your
sweethearts too far—
• T
!>j • ■ l/A %> ,gySS6 •
y;^-P.
''.'■il <■„*
m
wt i
Ml '
COMING—FRIDAY AND SATURDAY
"BOUGHT AND PAID FOR."
With
JACK HOLT and AGNES AYRES
\ Tremendous Success on the Stage Now
in the Most Wonderful Picture of 1922.
lif4$l|StIf en!'jMMM
Don't Miss "ARE YOU FIT TO
" l&4RRL®o|Night
.
m
T
jam
1%.
VAUDEVILLE
Singing, Dahcug
om
Krt; :?*k>
She will tell yoli.
m
yw*
Adults
m hlmk
I
,Wm&
^si&S
m
m
'■hrnm
mm
!«S b
.• ;
mm
>.¥>M
Wattfi for "THE BLUE FOlt"
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W%kitlS' ' . •V*'. 5i H . . 'i'' 'V.i -i
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Sherman Daily Democrat (Sherman, Tex.), Vol. 41, No. 273, Ed. 1 Tuesday, May 23, 1922, newspaper, May 23, 1922; Sherman, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth194303/m1/3/?rotate=90: accessed June 22, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu.; .