Weekly Democratic Statesman. (Austin, Tex.), Vol. 9, No. 28, Ed. 1 Thursday, July 1, 1880 Page: 2 of 4
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THURSDAY...
...JULYl 1880
... .Thb Grantites are beginning lo de-
fer the sinking Republican ship -and
the election of Garfield becomes an
impossibility.
. Thb support of Hancock the Union
soldier by a large body of delegates
from the South causes the bloody shirt
ta hang without even a flop.
Hubbard's fame has reached New
York. The World tells how "Mr.
George Hubbard" of Texas made him-
self heard before the Cincinnati con-
vention. V Majob Gen. Hakcock because of
service in war and in peace will be
promoted by virtue of the office of
.President of the United States to that
of commander-in-chief of the army.
Gab field awore be never had owned
any Credit Mobilier stock but the Po-
land committee declare that ' he did
own the stock and receive the divi-
dends. .The Republicans were in the
majority on the Poland committbe.
"Poweb may destroy the forms but
not the pnnciplos of justice; these
will live in spite even of the sword"
was whst Gen. Hancock proposed to
teach Governor Pease when the Gov-
ernor asked the military commander to
substitute military for civil tribunals.
Thb Tyler Courier insists that the
Dallas Herald has demolished the fence
about Its political field when it admits
that the opposition to Governor Rob-
erts must combine to defeat him. This
means opposition not on principle but
upon personal prejudice and personal
Interest; ' " '
. Mr! Bayard's supporters in the na-
tional convention withdrew all opposi-
tion to Gen. Hancock and they now sup-
pott him with zaal. Thedistinguished
Democrat and statesman of Delaware
will yet be made . president of the
Ubited States. He is only fifty-one
years of sge. j
; Ex-Uovsrsob Datis chairman of
the state Republic committee will
'call a convention. He is going to or
ganiae the party and put it on a
thorough war footing and it Is said
nominations will be made all over the
state from constable up. A state ticket
will take the field.
It does not matter what the press
and the people say about the Came
case.. The murderer is at large and at
so distant day the friends of some good
man or weman for it is said he has
killed his woman will be called upon
to submit to another defense for mur
der oa the insanity dodge.
Thb alacrity with which the whole
convention buried all personal favorit-
ism the moment it was seen that Han-
cock was the choice of the majority
attest a the patriotism of the delegates.
The will of the majority was all that
.they were looking for and there was
practical unanimity in bowing to it the
moment it was known.
- Tax St. Louis Republican says of the
ticket that it is "built to ran and it will
win. It unites all the element of sue-
ce;s. It has not a flaw In its armor
and the shafts of partisan malice will
find no weak spot to touch. It will re-
quire teither apology cor defense. : It
is its -own Indorsement an! recom-
mendation. The Democrats at Cincin-
nati have done their work wisely and
well. The people will do the reat.w
"KoTmxa can intimidate me from
dclag what I believe to bo honest and
right" wrote Gen. Hancock in 1S4T
afur a j; reedy hordo tf thieve and
1--Vandcrers bad descended npon Louiai-
aa and Texas. Thereupon Congress
b-ga to persecute him and Garfield
elide tba first demonstration against
hl-n with a proposition to strike him
from the list of major generals. Han
cock's crime w&l obedjtnca to theocn
eututioa. which t:s enemies opposed
tiers aci.tbey axe now the dstctarxei
cr accents of constitutional Rovercscat
t.i tr.il'.Utei ia thU coaatrj.
FREE SCHOOLS UJUTATIOIf S.
The different constitutions' ot Texts
have granted to the legislature the poor-
er to set aside a certain portion f the
general revenue for the support of pub
lic free schools. It may be truthfully
said that this power was not exercised
to anyruinoua extent until the Radi
cals assumed control of the state. It
was reserved for the leaders of that
parly to inaugurate a complex system
of free schools to cover the state by
an army of irresponsible office-holders
who ate out the substance of the peo-
ble; to deprive parents of the privi-
lege of exercising rights derived from
God and the relations of society ; to
centralize power in the hands of a few;
in short to pave the way for despot-
ism. They levied a tax of one dollar
on the one hundred dollars of valua-
tion and innovated upon the previous-
ly established system of using surplus
fund by making free schsols main-
tainable mainly by taxation. The taxes
levied under the law in question should
have produced a revenue of more than
$1000000 a year. . It must not be for-
gotten that many resisted the payment
of that tsx and that the law was de-
clared unconititutional by the Supreme
Court. Under the laws and the" man-
agement of Radical rulers the debt
of Texas increased at a fearful rate
and when the Democrats went into
power they promised to reduce the ex-
penses of the state government within
the limits of the yearly income. Gov-
ernor Coke strongly recommended and
promised the policy of "pay as you
go ;" but owing to the fact that his pre-
decessor had left a large floating debt
to be provided for and other settle-
ments attaching to his administration
it became impossible to put the policy
into practice. More time and greater
economy was rtquired to make such a
measure ; practical. The free school
system was to some extent' changed
and was rendered somewhat less bur-
densome by a lopping off of expensive
machinery. The new constitution
places limitations upon the legislature
by which the people are guarded
against excessive taxation and im-
provident expenditures. Article 8 sec-
tion 4.3 provides that " the legislature
shall not have the right to levy taxes
or impose burdens upon the people
except to raise revenue sufficient for
ehe economical administration of the
government. ..'.. "
"Section 49. No debt shall be created
by or on behalf of the state except
to supply casual deficiencies of revenue
repel invasion suppress . insurrection
defend the state in war or pay exist-
ing debt; and the debt created to sup-
ply deficiencies in revenue shall never
exceed in the aggregate at one time
two hundred thousand dollars." In
order to guard more fully against the
abuse of the power to levy taxes the
following limitation was made : Article
8 section 9. "The state tax on
property exclusive of the tax necessary
to pay the public debt shall never ex-
ceed fifty cents on the pne hundred
dollars valuation etc." These provis
ions are general. On the matter of
free schools the limitation is special:
There shall be set apart annually not
. - a a .
more tnan one-iourtn oi me general
revenue of the state and a poll tax of
one dollar on all male inhabitants in
the state between the ages of twenty-
one and sixty years for the benefit of
the public free schools. N Article 7
section 8. The legislature is to be the
judge of the sum which can be set
apart for the. support of schools and
that body has the right to appropriate
no more and muoh less it it so please
than one-fourth the general revenue
for that object. No debt can be in-
curred lor educational purposes. Sec-
tion 49 of Articled 3 already quoted
prohibits such action. Then the lim-;
itation of section 48 of same article
applies to public free schools as well as
to other matters. The conclusion is
clear and inevitable that in accord-
ance with the provisions of the consti-
tution an efficient system of public
free schools cannot be established and
maintained mainly by taxation; that
the effort to do so has been violative of
the great principles set forth in the or-
ganic law of the state; and that at
leaat one-fourth of the present public
debt is attributable to the school tax.
The great crime committed by Gover-
nor Roberta and his supporters consists
in their effort to put a stop to viola-
tions of the constitution to run the
state government ' economically and
within its means; and the Radicals' and
their allies have for these acts de-
nounced all connected with the
movement "enemies to free sohools.''
Another Important fact to be consid-
ered is that the free school system ex-iedig-
whan . Governor Roberts went
into office was not efficient and not
such a system as the constitution calls
for and those who now make an uproar
about Governor -. Roberta . and free
schools are defied to prove to the con-
trary OT that the system was as good
aa it now is. Governor Roberts and
those acting with him have endeav-
ored to improve the system; to deprive
it of its worst features. They stopped
an annual - leak of nearly fc07 000
by paying teachers for actual attend
ance Instead of opon lists of names. By
adhering to the community system and
making it practically effective they re
stored to parents to a great extent
the exercise of their rights in the edu
cation of their children and strength-
ened and augmented the chances of
racceaa .. by securing the co-opera
tive action of ' the people witnout
which' no system of public free schools
can be made effective. They aimed 'to
call into requisition all the means set
apart by the constitution for the estab
lishment and support of free schools.
Their failure to accomplish this end
was owing to the opposition of the ad-
vocate of a system of schools main'
tained principally by taxing the peo
ple involving an addition to the pub-
- . . .
lie debt jear by year DAnjcrptcy oi
the state 4 the eventual impoverish
ment of the people. Governor Rob
erts and friends planted themselves
fairly and squarelj opoa the principle
enunciated by the last Demecraue eon.-
Tentioa'of Texas. "We pledge Our
selves that no money shall be borrowed
or bonds aoli to meet current expense
of the sUta government. The rate of
taxation 'shall" sot be increased; and
the current expense thosli b eon-
fined within: the current reverse."
Hence th Democratic party i
pledged to est at Hi b and aaintaln an
tCc;c;t Sjstetaot Ire boo la which
can not be done mainly by taxation
if ilLo-at vicUUrs coafUtatioa. To
redeem the pledge the constitution
designates certain funds and property
and set them apart to be need for that
purpose and the Democratic party
does not deem itself pledged to set
apart one-fourth of the general reve-
nues each year for the benefit of free
schools. Democrats are responsible
for the constitution and they are
bound by its stipulations in a two-fold
sense as citizens and as orginators.
As the standard-bearer of Texas De-
mocracy Governor Roberts ha labored
faithfully and zealously to carry out
its principles as set forth in Its plat-
form and aa illustrated by it practices.
HIS DEFAJXEUS MUST COOTB
THE ISSUE.
TO
The loud-mouthed opponents of the
present administration are in the habit
of charging the Governor with hostility
to public free schools. They seldom
failed to recur to the pledges of the
Democratic party on this subject and
they make a great noise over what they
call the bad faith of Governor Roberta
to his party and when pressed for
proof they point to his vetoing the ap-
propriation of one-fourth of the reve-
nue to support free school. When
and where did the Democratic party
pledge themselves to set aside cne-
fourth of the general revenue for the
maintenance of free schools? Can that
pledge be pointed out in any of the
platforms of the party? The Demo-
cratic party is the party of the consti-
tution. They are bound and circum-
scribed by its provisions and that in-j
strument contains no such article.
The designation of one-fourth the gen-
eral revenue is a limitation inserted
to guard against an abuse of the pow-
er conferred upon the legislature. A
Radical legislature had passed an act
levying a school tax of one per centum
upon taxable values one dollar upon
every hundred dollars of valuation and
it was considered unjust and oppres-
sive and this was what gave origin to
the limitation in the present constitu-
tion. Article 7 section 1 of the con-
stitution provides that "it shall be the
3aty of the legislature of the state to
establish and make suitable provision
for .the support and maintenance of
an efficient system of public
free schools" and to this re-
quirement they appeal for sym-
pathy. Efficient is defined by Webster
as "causing effects ; producing results ;
actiyely . operative ;
This applies to the system and the
mode and manner of its operations;
and to nothing else." Section 2 of the
same article specifies what shall con-
stitute the permanent school fund:
"All funds lands and other property
heretofore set apart and appropriated
for the support of public schools;
all the alternate sections of lands re-
served by the State out of grants here-
tofore made pr that may hereafter
be made to railroads or other cor-
porations of any nature whatsoever;
one-half of the public domain of the
State; and all sums of money that
may come to the State from the sale of
any portion of the same shall consti-
tute a perpetual school fund." Section
4 of same article provides for the sale
of these lands "under such regulations
at such times and on such teams as
may be prescribed by law; and the
legislature shall not have power to
grant pny relief to the purchasers
thereof." The balance of section 4
and section 5 prescribe the manner in
which the funds arising from the Bale
of lands shall be invested and that
the interest accruing thereon shall
constitute a part of the available school
fund. Under the grant of power
above recited the legislature passed a
aw providing for the sale of the
school lands. It had been in opera-
tion five years when Governor Roberts
was inauguratea; ana auring mat
period 290000 acres had been sold at
$1.50 per acre representing the sum of
$435000. The average number of
acres sold per year was 58000 and the
average sum realized per year $87000.
At that time Commissioner Walsh of
the General Land 'Office estimated
the school lands at 36680000 acres.
At the rate above indicated with the
limit of purchase fixed at 160 acres to
the purchaser it would require 625
years to sell these lands and 229250
buyers. Official reports justify the
statement that under the operations of
the law as it stood the amount drawn
from the available sehool fund by men
who purchased 160 acre tracts of land
amounted annually to more than they
paid to it; consequently that process
was disaavantageous to mat iuna ; ana
it was frittering away the lands with
out spy good result to schools. The
system was absurd. The idea of
retailing 39680000 acres of land was
preposterous. Capital and enterprise
were shut out. These are the agencies
that settled Texas. At the date of
Governor Roberta' inauguration the
records of the General Land Office
showed that in forty-three years the
Republic and the State of Texas bad
sold to pre-empton 9074800 acres of
land an average of 43351 acres per
year. Ia 1850 the population oi Texas
was 212502. We now claim 2000000.
Where did the immigrant purchase
lands? Certainly not from the govern-
ment of Texas and the records prove
that most of them bought homesteads
from private individuals perhaps specu
lators. With a knowledge of these
fact Governor Roberta recommended
the sale of the school lands in lota to
suit purchasers. He endearcred to in-
dnoe capitalists to invest money in
Texas. He believed that every capi
talist who did so would become an
emigration agent. He knew they
would not tola tnese lands a mo-
ment longer than they were offered
a good profit on the money invested.
His friends were of the same opinion.
They believed that fifty sections of
land situated on the frontier might be
reserved for twenty-ire yeai? and fifty
sections sold for.what they would bring;
and at the end of twenty-five year
they were confident the state would
realizs morn from the fifty sections
sold under the tamrcer aa it were
than from the sal of the fiftj reserved
sections. In the first pise the state
?ould receive the benefit resulting
from tie ectUemeU fit points on her
eiEOed frontier-. W the pnpo paid for
the lnd.and ttem there vf ould be deny
ed a revenue from the payment of Use
upon 33000 acre of land for the twenty-fire
years and forever ftenrards.
In addition there would be aa increase
of the permanent and available school
funds. When it wu proposed to sell
lit school U i untitles to suit
purchasers a tempest of indignation
was raised. It was argued that the
school lands belonged to posterity that
the governor and his friends were try-
ing to rob children yet unborn of a
heritage set apart for them by legisla-
tures and constitutional conventions.
They failed however to point out the
section making the grant . directly or
by impbeation. On the other side it
was contended that the measure was
dictated by prudence economy and ne-
cessity; that the school lands belonged
to the present generation with a right
to use them for their benefit; that
their use of them could not divert
them from the purposes for which they
were destined because they could only
derive benefit from the interest arising
from investment of proceeds. In reply
some little was said of land sharks
speculators and landed monopolies and
aristocracies. A plea was entered for
the "actual settler" but that personsge
proved to be the man they ex-
pected would come at some indefina-
ble period of time and not the
man who had identified himself with
Texas. It was shown that the latter
character had been victimized by bard
times and heavy taxation that about
fifty out of every hundred of them had
been compelled to allow their landed
property to be sold for taxes ; that one
man would buy all the land sold for
taxes in any county ; that the tender
hearted gentlemen had no sympathy
for these unfortunate settlers but
persisted like so many Shylocks in
demanding one-fourth the general rev-
enue for schools the "pound of flesh"
no difference how many families might
be deprived of their homesteads. The
motto was "stand by the last relic of
Radical misrule support free schools
mainly by taxation at all hazards and
at any sacrifice." These are the men
that have been filling the public prints
with fierce denunciations of Governor
Roberts for his pretended hostility to
pubh frcee schools. Knowing the ac-
cusation to be false and libelous these
are the men that prevented the pas-
sage of bills calculated to create a
school fund in a short space of time
which would have established and
maintained an efficient system of public
free schools ; to the great relief of our
tax-payers. These are the men who
refused to loosen the grasp of the tax-
collectors from the throats of the peo-
ple. And these are the men who are
resorting to wire-working and all sorts
of tricks to gain control of .one-third
the delegates of the state convention
in order to swindle the people out of
the further good services of a Demo-
cratic governor who has done his dutf
and who has stood squarely upon the
platform of hia party and who ia the
choice of two-thirds of the voters.
A SECOND ELIJAH.
Dr. Burleson is making a great fuss
about the exhibition of a painting at
the art leyee in Waco representing the
necked bust of a woman. He writes
over a column letter and gets it pub-
lished in the Telepftoi at the expense
of the publisher in which he declares
that he would stain Titan's Venus
pith bis life's blood" rather than
have it exhibited in public at Waco.
The Doctor writes very positively and
declares emphatically that juBt such
pictures are seen in the "bawdy
houses." The reverend gentleman as
serts that "fifty years ago as Job did
made a solemn covenant with my
eyes" and that in all this time he has
never looked upon the nakedness of
any female. When he has attended
balls and receptions he says his "own
purity" has prevented him from look-
ing upon the "naked shoulders and
bosoms" of "respectable young ladies."
Says he: "I once at Cincinnati paid
dollar to see the Venus de
Medici; but as soon as I" found
she was entirely naked . I turn-
ed away in loathing" and yet
Dr. Burleson pretends to be a well in-
formed man and therefore ought to
have known all about this piece of stat
uary. Then unlike Solomon or even
Job he declares his own purity in the
following words: "I will say that I can
bare my bosom and my whole life to
the omniscient eye of God himself and
challenge any man living or dead in
heayen on earth or in bell to pre-
sent a chaster life than mine. And
this is due not because I have not the
passions of other men but because in
youth I "made a covenant with my
eyes" and I would sooner put my
hand in the fire than I would gaze upon
the naked form of womanjin the dance
the circus or the art gallery. I never
even allow my eye to rest upon an im
pure sentiment in a book or newspa
per." There is an apparent fanaticism
about all these expressions of Dr. Burle-
...... r i
on wnicn to tne orainary man oi iuia
mundane sphere would seem to befit
him more for a luntio asylum
than any other place and yet
the ordinary man may be So far
below his moral plane as to make him
incapable of judging of the purity of
this moral giant who sets himself up
immaculate in person. Truly if
these things be true of which the
Doctor boasts he is as pure as any man
that ever lived.esceptjng neither Moses
nor the prophets nor the Savior nor
the apostles. There can be no purifi
cation In death for Dr. Burleson and
therefore we may expect to hear some
of thege days that like Elijah be has
been sifted front earth in his bodily
form to be given in mortal Bean tne
most exalted place in eternity.
Thb act of Congress incorporating
the United States International Com-
mission for the purposes of holding a
world's fsir in New York in 188 4Hn
celebration of the one hundredth anni-
versary of the treaty of peace and the
recognition of American independ-
ence" provides for the appointment of
two commissioners from each state
with two alternates and also names
about one hundred gentlemen of the
ci.y of New York as incorporators.
The various governors make nomina-
tions and these are forwarded to the
President up to June 23. Th com-
mission will effect a permanent organi-
zation and strenuous efforts win at
c&ce be commenced to complete the
arrangefiieaU for the exhibition in the
short period the comsauatoners have at
their dispoaaL Dr. F. L. Yoakum of
the Farmer uai OrchardUt Palestine
Ia been appointed one of the interna-
tional commissioner for Texas.
Tsa selection of Gen. Hancock on
the second ballot hows that hi nom-
ination was dodJol CfCft a coRie-
quc&c cf mature dhUr&t!cB.
NOT AN CNBUfOWIf HAN.
Hox. Ws. IL .ExiiLuu of Indiana
is no unknown man and it il a fact
that he sdi a power to the Democratic
ticket which could probably be ex
erted by no other Western man. In i
letter to the Modern Argo of Quincy
Illinois published last December
men tne nsese of Mr- Engiieb w
tioned ia connection with the presiden-
tial nomination. The writer said of
him:
In a recent public interview Mr. Eng-
lish ridiculed the idea that at his time
ot life aod with his surroundings be
should aspire to office and yet strang-
er tbinga have happened than his yet
doing that very thing. In the judg
ment of a great many he is the best
man that the Democrats could bring
forward with probability of success at
this crisis.
His geopraphical location is exsctly
right being not only a citizsn but a
native of Indiana which is admitted to
be a pivotal state and likely to have
one of the presidential candidates No
other person named as a probable can-
didate iaa native of Indiana. Then
too he is a Western man thoroughly
imbued with Western ideas and yet
not obnoxious to the East where he ia
well and favorably known aa one of
the soundest most segacous and con-
servative financiers in the whole conn-
try. No Western man would likely be
more satisfactory to the East and to
the great multitude of business men
everywhere. His devotion to the con-
stitutional rights of the South during
his congressional service of eight years
immediately preceding the war great-
ly endeared him to that section and
his firm adherence to the cause of the
Union during the war and since was
and Is all that the most enthusiastic
friends of the Union could require.
Successful in politics as lone as he
chose to be a candidate for office he
voluntarily retired many years ago
without ever having suffered defeat be-
fore the people. He then devoted him-
self exclusively to business for a num-
ber of years with great energy and re-
markable success and having accumu-
lated a large fortune as suddenly and
entirely withdrew from active business
as he had before from active political
life. So completely did he divorce
himself from business that he does not
own a share of stock in any corporation
whatever and his sympathies are whol-
ly with the people as against corpora-
tions and privileged classes
Another thing -can be said of Mr.
English which cannot be said of many
rich men and that is that there is
not the least trace of an aristocrat in bis
composition. In common parlance he
is not in the least "etuck up" but at
the same time he is dignified in man-
ner and his fine appearance and erect
bearing would attract attention in any
assembly while he is thoroughly dem-
ocratic in his views being one of the
people in the broadest and best sense
of the word. Neither is there a trace
of the demagogue about him. He has
ever been ready to give a reason for
the faith there is in him. and has al-
ways shown himself to be a brave out.
spoken advocate of correct principles
lor the right because it is right not
a trimmer nor a time-server. Add to
this that he never forsakes a friend
nor persecutes an enemy; neither
drinks nor gambles; that his private
life is above reproach ; that his ability
is conceded ; that there is not a flaw in
his whole political record and we haye
the embodiment of a man worthy and
capable to fill any office in this pa.
tioo
CALCULATING IN TUB - DEMO-
CRATIO NOOTINEE8.
. The present political condition of the
states is just now receiving a careful
press review and the conclusion that
may be reached by no strained process
of calculation is that the November
electionfwill be signalized not only by
a Democratic victory but that the pol-
itics of some of the Republican states
is to be revolutionized. General state
elections held in 78. 18"9 and 1880
show Republican minorities in twenty-
two states which in the aggregate cast
231 electoral votes while out of six-
teen states that went Republican at the
last elections eight of them had major-
ities of less than 4000 votes. Of the
Republican states having majorities
greater than this at least one has been
made yery doubtful by the nomination
of General Hancock. Pennsylvania
has twenty-two electoral votes and it
was no doubt demonstrated at Cincin-
nati that its politics could be changed
by the nomination of the hero of Get-
tysburg. Seventeen states casting 173
electoral votes gave excepting in Del
aware .Florida Xiortn uaroiina ana
Virginia majorities of over 15000.
The political condition of the states
as shown by the last state elections
may be seen in the following tables :
' PIMOCSATIC STATU.
MJ. Elec.
Office Voted orer vote
' State
Alabama -
Arkuuaa
Delaware
Florida
Gcorni
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maryland
Hir-eualppi
Missouri
Hew York
North Carolina.
Booth Carolina.
Tennessee
Texas-
Virginia
West Virginia..
for. Year all enu to
.. President.. 187t)..83.Tni.. 10
.... Congress.. 18.. 44460..
....Governor.. 1878.. ?8S6.. S
.... Congress. .187d.. 8334..
....Congress.. 1878.. 14.610.. 11
...OTeraor..l879..43917.. 11
....Governor.. 1879. .80761.. 8
....Governor.. 1879.. 82 1S7.. 8
.... Congress.. 1878. .SS.lSl.. 8
...Crngree..l78.. 17.143.. 15
....Governor.. 187.. 84.789.. 85
.... Congress.. lf78.. 6837.. 10
.... Congress. .1878. .55174.. 9
.... Governor. .1878..S1.494.. U
....Congress. .1078.. 88.430.. 8
....Congress.. 1878.. 19768.. 11
....ConvreM..1878.. 5.75S.. 5
Tatal electoral vote.
BxrtraucAB ktates.
...173
Colorado.
Coonecticat
Iowa
Kansas
Mmsrachesetts..
Michigan
Minnesota.
Nebraska
Nevada.
N Hampshire..
Ohio.
Oregon
Pennsylvania...
Rhode Island...
Vermont
Wisconsin
..8ap.court.1879 . S.97S . 3
... Congre-s.. 1878.. 5460 . 6
...Governor. .1879. .83738.. 11
....Governor.. 1878.. 9.744.. 6
...Governor.. 1879.. 1.953.. IS
...8ap.conrt..lS79.. 6043.. 11
....Governor.. 1879. 8686.. S
...Snp.eonrt.. 187. .80561.. S
....Governor. .1878.. . 527.. 3
...Governor.. 1878.. Sl.. S
...Governor.. 1879.. 3.S5S.. S3
..1880.. 1500.. 3
...Treasurer. .1879.. 88918.. 29
.. .Governor.. 1879.. 8781.. 4
....Governor.. 1878. .17617.. 5
.... Congress.. lc78.. 1183.. 10
Total electoral rote 138
AJrri-asptuoAW tats
California .' Governor. .1879. .34818.. S
IHlnols ..Treasurer.. 1878. M.647 - 21
Indiana ."sec. stat... 1878.. 53.1M . 15
Maine. . . Governor. 1S79 . 70S.. 7
New Jersey....'..! .Assembly.. 1879.. 396 . 9
Total electoral vote..... 51
Anti-Republican states are those in
which the Democrat did not poll a
majority vote but in which -the
Republican were also in a minority.
While Republican were chosen in these
states sentiment in them is opposed
to Republicanism and it is in these
state and ia Connecticut Colorado
Massachusetts Oregon and Pennsylva-
nia that the presidential contest is to
be made. But may we not calculate
almost with certainty upon carrying
Indiana and New Jersey taving to
gether aa electorial vote of twenty-
four! Republicans would claim New
York of a doubtful state because it
was totally carried against the Demo-
cratic nominee by the disaffection of
Kelly and hi $0000 votes but It must
be remembered that Tilden carried
New York ev against Tammany and
that now all differences in th party
have been . neaicd and that the
real Democratic majority ia New
York state ia 35000 which
must be overcome to make it a doubt-
ful state. The Greenback party will
be loet sight of ia the strati between
rke two great conUndin g parties lad
should it develop a respectable faction
in urns of the eutee tike effect will be
more injurious to .Republican than to
Democratic interests. -4 i
Hon. Wm. H. Esouarf the Demo
cratic nominee for the vice presidency.
was born in 1S22 in Indiana. He re-
ceived a classical education studied
law and was admitted- to practice in
1S46 but has chiefly devoted himself
to agricultural pursuits. After hold
ing several positions ot public
trust in 1S51 he was elected a mer
ber of the Indiana legislature and
officiated ss speaker. One year later.m
1852 he was elected to Congress and
was re-elected in 1S54 1856 and 1853
serying four terms from 1852 to 18G0.
He is now a wealthy citizen of Indian-
apolis and one of the best known and
most popular men in Indiana. His
name is a tower of strength in that
state and the only thing that has ever
impaired his popularity has been
his resolute struggle against the rag-
money heresy. Without making his
antagonism to the greenback folly vin-
dictive and personal as m&ny men
have dose his position on the issue
has not been equivocal. His record in
this matter is well known in New York
and the other Eastern states and bos
gained for him there a great deal of the
same sort of popularity auvjng tire bus-
iness and money interests as that Sena-
tor Bayard has been so sigtally favored
with. It is doubtful it there is any
other man among the prominent Demo-
crats of the West whose nomination
would be so generally accepted by the
East as an assurance that mercantile in-
terests of the country will be carefully
guarded under Democratic rule.
Tesbb was great disappointment in
Wilmington Delaware when it was
announced by wire that Hancock and
not Bayard was the nominee. It is
said that not only Democrats but Re-
publicans of the place felt a deep inter
est in seeing their highly-respeoted and
wea-lovea townsman honored. A spe-
cial dispatch to the Philadelphia Timet
say the least disappointed man in the
city was Senator Bayard himself. He
had not sought the office and did not
feel that he had any right to expect it.
When the messenger boy delivered him
the telegram giving the result he was
in his law. ofisce going through his
regular routine of business end he de-
tained him long enough to hastily write
a congratulatory dispatch to Gen. Han-
cock. To several of his personal friend
he talked freely on the result The
nomination of Hancock he said was
ereditable to him ana to the Demo
cratic party. ".What do you think of
Hancock as a candidate Senator?" was
asked. "He is a strong candidate"
said the Senator "and one whose mil-
itary and civil record are beyond any
question of a doubt." Senator Bayard
further said that no candidate could
command the united support of the
party better than Hancock. He was a
man who if elected would wipe out
sectionalism and truly serve the best
interests of the country. Disappointed
Wilmington later in the evening put
off her mourning robes and by early
candlelight the Jefferson Club of which
Senator Bayard is an honorary member
had swung out a huge transparency
bearing the names of the nominees
"For President W. S. Hancock of
Pennsylvania. For Vice President W.
S. English of Indiana."
The attempt of the opponents to
Democracy to fasten blame upon Gen.
Hancock for the murder of Mrs. Sur-
ratt shows to what extremes mean pol
iticians resort in attacking an enemy.
He was in command of the military
division in which Washington was in
cluded when the banging of Mrs. Sur-
ratt was accomplished. Gen. Augur
was in command of the department
and the military commission that tried
Mrs. Surratt appointed its own hang
man' who was Gen. Hartranft ex-governor
of Pennsylvania. Gen. Hancock
did all he could te save Mrs. Surratt.
He obeyed the writ of habeas corpus
issued in her behalf by Judge Wylie
and left the court only by permission
of the judge after exhibiting the peremptory-
order of Andrew Johnson
suspending the writ of habeas corpus
in the District of Columbia. He tried
to obtain an interview for Mrs. Surratt
with President Johnson and when the
day of execution came Gen. Hancock
atationed a line of couriers from the
executive mansion to the place of ex-
ecution in order that the hoped-for
reprieve might be instantly communi
cated. ! -
In Tn early part of 1868 the
course ot Uen. Hancock as com-
mander of the fifth military district of
the South began to recieve the earnest
attention of a Republican Congress
and it was decided that hi plan of
subordinating military to civil author
ity could no longer be toler-
ated. The purpose was to entirely
suppress the civil authorities of the
Southern 8tatet and to substitute
therefor military tribunals with no ap-
peal. Gn. Garfield chairman of the
Military Committee in the House of
Representatives introduced a bill to
reduce the number of major generals
in the army with the avowed object of
getting rid of Hancock and 40 thus
punish him for bis steadfast subordina-
tion of the military to the' civil juris-
diction. This bill however was not
pressed to its passage being deemed
by more cautious congressmen friendly
to its object a too likely to excite s
popular demonstration in favor of the
persecuted general.
Thk New York World which earnest
ly favored the nomination of Mr. Bay-
ard in advance of the nomination of
Gen. Hanc3ck said of it;
"It would not be unsatisfactory to the
friends of Senator Bayard nor to Sen-
ator Bayard himself whose whole career
ha been that of a chant pi on of the
constitution and the laws and who has
been prompt to rebuke every violation
of them whether the violation ha been
committed under the pretense of meet-
iag a military necessity or of gratifying
sentimental aspirations. Gen. Hancock
is one of the few famous soldiers who
commanded ia the South during th
period of reconstruction who both
knew and enforced the principle upon
which the government of the United
SUte s founded sad against whom so
reproach of unduly magaifyioff their
faces ha ever been made by constitu-
tional statesman tike Senator Bayard."
Tax combined Democratic vote cf
New York last year with thousands
absenting themselves wu 379 in
excess of the Republican vote. There
I no dissension thra year sad the
Democratic majority will probably run
FP $0000. '
COOD WORE fOB TEXAS.
The TVsru published at Ban
Antonio.' $i doinsr mat Work t ' K.
half of Tcxas.;j Their plaof. visiting
towns ana counties inroagDeu! our
state preparing a statement showing
of their every interest and circulating
same extensively throughout other
late and. countries i a wgrk worthr
of consideration at the bauds ot every
citizen. We note from th last issue
of the Sun that their Jutj lnsuo will be
100000 copits devoted Uu complete
showing of the uiineral stock and ag-
ricultural interest of El Pito Presidio
i'eacos and Tim O.-een cosntiea with
a carefully prepired map of Western
Texas. This will be a valuable edi-
tion for advertisements fr in land
men who have . special induce-
ments to offer immigrants. The
edition will be circulated from Chi-
cago Indianapolis St. Louis Cincin-
nati Boston New York and Kansas
City in addition to a judicious wail
list throughout the United States.
The St. Louis Republican says "Wil
liam H. English is a worthy col'eague.
A man of high social position and ripe
experience in political affairs ; without
a blemish upon his public or private
character; possessing the confidence
and esteem of all who know him;
consistent Democrat of the old school
whose Democracy has emerged un
harmed from the severest tests he is
not only fitted for the second office in
the republic but isjabundantly compe-
tent if the emergency should arise to
fill the first. Rerjubhcana will nnw
blush more than ever for the candidate
whom Conklidg thrust upon them;
and Arthur when compared with his
competitor must sink still lower in the
depths of public contempt."
Governor Roberts will meet CoL
Lang at Navasota on the 6th of July
when they will have a joint discussion.
It is as reported the purpose of Col.
Lang to put the Governor on the defen-
sive. The Old Alcalde has been de-
fending the rights of the people of
Texas lor thirty-five years and it may
be safe to presume that he can defend
himself against.theman who started out
a few weeks since on a Granee lectur
ing tour and who now devotes himself
to attacking the official record of a gov
ernor who has done so much in the in-
terest of popular government against
ring rule.
The Cleburne Chronicle says:
If it is wron? to commute assail the
constitution not the Governor Roberts
has exercised extreme caution in all
of his commutations and tbe soher
second thought of the people will jus-
uiy mm in every . ot-e 01 tnem. A
score of scaffold scenes during his ad-
ministration does not indicate him a9
opposed to a iust enforcement of
capital punishment.
The Wills Point Local resists that a
proper man for land commissioner can
not be found at the capital ; and hav-
ing said this much it nominates J. T.
Downs of Dallas for tbe place. Mr.
Downa may be a very good man but
almost everybody seems to be perfectly
satisfied with Capt. Walsh and the
Local can state nothing against him as
an officer.
Lieut. Gem. Phil Sheridan is in
harmony with Grant and Sherman
about the nomination of Haucock. He
said to a press reporter: I sm not in
politics ; but Gen. Hancock is a great
and good man. The Democrats have
not made any mistake this time. They
have nominated an excellent and a
strong ticket"
' Thb report of the recent examina-
tions at West Point has reached the
Adjutant General of the army. In the
case of Whitaker the report recom-
mends that as he was found deficient
in his studies and having been two
year in the same class he be dis-
charged. What the action ol the Sec-
retary of War will be is not known.
On March 4 1881 Gen. Garfield
will be content to take his place in the
Senate under .the eye. of Vice Presi-
dent English.- - .'.
Gxx. Grant did not say he wonld
not rote for Garfield but he said he
thought ' Gen. H&ncock would be
elected.. . 1 .
John J. Cisco the great New York
banker say the election of Hancock is
a certainty. 1 '
William H. English was only thirty
years old when he was first elected to
Congress. .
HBW ASVEBTISKnBNTS
OST.
Laud certificate No. 409 for 640 acres. Issued
July 84 1S48 by W. T. Ivans Commissioner to
Joseph Clements Adrian if not beard from to
time fixed by law apnlicatlon will he made for
a duplicate. W. vo BOSENTSERO
' Agent forOwner.
Austin Janeae 180.-Je8? 9w .
GEO. T. B01RD.T1AN . D. 8.
Resident Dentist Ineu
ty-flve years. Oeaatl-
fol dental operations
at reasonable once.
CORMXR OTOLOVM FbUDBISUEK'S STOBI.ATS
O HEEP FOR SALE 645 extra fine Bpenlnh Bt-
kj nao sheep Imported ra spring of loTv con-
slating ef 415 ewes and SOOlaatb. Inquire of
John Btelfox Austin Texas. Jcio w4t
TEXAS CHRISTIAN COLLEGE
ArsTTN.
TEXAS.
raia rjunroTioH ui orxai
SKPTEnStEB . 1 IS80.
Per Month.
Boarding exclusive of washing J 16 Ul
Tuvttoa ta Senior and Junior Classes 4 00
Tuition ia bod homo re and Freshman
Claaaea 8 00
Taltioa ia Preparatory Department 3 00
Music Vocal and Instrumental sac 6 Ul
l ee of. Puun for practice 1
1 1--y . ... ............ 3 00
CUSS OF SI ALL BOYS WILL BE FtEIED;
Send for circulars to
J. J. Cf.LLlNB.
rreeldeatT.CC
leSTtf
AUGUSTA FEMALE SEKIXARY
STAOiTOS. V1KGDOA.
JOSS KABT J. BALD WIS Principal
This Instltulioa continues to tmusau In
prosperity from veer to year. It often sapertor
advantage) ta tocanoa u na ouuaings ami
groaads. ia Its geaerl eopaiatmeata and aanl-
lai i ana nu It fuU corps of anerlor
and experienced teachers; Us aasaxpaaaed ad-
vantares la music saoacra tannages eioea-
tton. toe art ptorncal carls re and instractloa
ta I he uerv tad poetic U cooking; taesae-
ceaeful effort made to eecara health comfort
aad nappine; tie opDaaltioa to extravagance;
tea ataxlard of solid scholarship.
For foil parueuiars apply to Lb pnadoal rot
AfiTtatUmonal BIS
wAtukv. XJBlt Pwree 475 IUeilraflooe
and map. Tne most eop eopriea
stv CanaMntary oa tbe J'fJ J1"
mJvaLt ever wi!slJhi. w -
(uumoa Atobi.U'Mtf - "
t
CLIFFORD'S
FEVER!
E1LSJ)ICATES All' Mli .PtiV
DISEASES iVom t8yrEM
. J. C RICHARDSON. Prp-
ST.1XW.I3.
c
Tor sale by J. W. Gxallam Austin. feb22e3w
IV. H. FIREBAUGH A. CO
DKALKRS IN
AND SOLS AGENTS IN AUSTIN FOR .
FAIRBANKS
TBS HECOQXIZSD
ap8S dAwly
I Prtparttioii of IRON mi CAUSAYA BARK
Endorsed by tap Mealeal Prcifeealea aad
Ovtpsssla. Ssaaral Dehillrr Female Olssasss.
W. P. Bnx fVacke) AatiM Tmm.. wrltesi
nns laoa Tone has 6oa wooers hera.
who had been dootored nearly to death for sev
eral years nas neen curea or iMiiie; ana
HABTKH'S lUOBT TONIC. WB1CU
ralaea nvr rrom ner oca
wrtere ene bma Deen
lTlne- for many
aio&uia.
If
of tout
icines she
Womb H'Aim ate.
TRB 23Xt: HARTER XSSTJXCZXaTZS CO
Ho. 818 HOKTH MAIM ryfRKET 8T. LOUIS.
HaP jflL C3r O I -
MmiutfiGturer MJM .; i&l&Vnfj-
j ' - i
ALL KINDS OF CARRIAGES AND BUGGIES.
I jointing- Trlmmlntr Iron and Woodwork.
EXCHANGE NEW WORK FOR SECOND-HAND VEHICLES
GOOD WORK
UoreeHboelna; sat Hame
87d
NEW AOVERTISBfflKNTS.
PROPOSALS FOR JOINER'S
WORK. ' '
i
Omci or Supervikihq Abciiitkt 1
Tbiamuby Depabthekt y
Washinotoh D. C Jan 84 1880. )
Healed proposals will be received at this office
until 13 a. on the 6th diy of July 1K80 for fur-
nishing delivering fit ting and Axing In place
complete all the loiner'a work and wood flooring
required for the United State Court House and
PoBtofBceat Austin Texas In accordance with
drawines and specification copies of which and
any additional information miy be had on ap-
plication at this office or the office of the Super-
intendent. JAKES ti. RILL
Jyl wit Supervising Architect.
JgSTRAY NOTICE.
Htate of Texas rountvof Travis: to the Hon
orable Countv Clerk of Travis count:
The undersigned would respectfully annouaceJ
I sorrel horee 7 years old 14 hand high
branded U with I In center on the left thigh and
8 on hip.
1 gray mar year old 19 hand high
branded JaL connected with curve on top on
tbe left thfgh.
1 gray horse 7 year old 15 hands Ugh
branded T In circle on the left tkleh.
1 cark bay boras 6 years old lSVi hands high
branded with clover leaf oa the a boulder and
l nay norse. 14 hands ntgu. e years old branded
K O on the left thigh. . r
1 sowl mare 14 hands high years old
branded Lou tbe left shoulder.
1 bay hone 18 years old 15 bands high
branded Q on the left thigh.
1 eoirel horse 10 yearseld 14vt bands high
branded G In ctrc e on th left aheulder.
1 bay mare. 5 year old 13 uaada high branded
JP connected on lop an tbe left shoulder and
. ....
coonterbranded aaioa.
1 colt nt brand.
1 gra fill v 3 years old. no brand.
1 grsy fillv. S yeara old. no tread.
1 bar mare. 1 veers old. 18t4 hand
high
on left
branded HI with half circle over top on
noniaer.
1 roan mare T years old 12 band high
branded A L on the left shoulder.
1 bay filly 8 yeara old 13 band high DO
brand.
1 bay stallion 3 year old. 13 band high
branded O C on left shoulder.
Calico roan borne. UH hand high bcand3
blotch brand oa left boulder and W o Los left
bio.
Th above aoreae range about the sooth slda
or Austin and Colorado river.
GSOKQS St. HKI8HKEB.
Jyl W3l County Commissioner
J8TBAYED
Br Henrv Bond before P. O. Seech. I. P.
C. on twenty eighth January lrMO a bay horse
tea year ota branded ex oa left ehoniaer. as oa
right side of neck andet bit la left ear foarteea
and one-half bands high appraised at 80. Also
a sorrel bora branded oa left boulder with
eroaaed diamond fourteen aad a half or fifteen
hand high about twelve year old appraised at
Sxu.
FKANK BROWN
S W3t Clerk C. C. T. C.
PiaaT Hocerox Colmtt Jan. 18 lsO.
Ia the year 1873 there were two negro priaoa-
er confined tn the jail of this county who were
very bally filleted with that kMthsome dlaeeae
Syphilis. Ia my official rapacity a Ordinary.
I employed Cape C. T. Swift then a reeideat of
tbl piece Co curt than ander a eoclraet. " ae
aatre no paw." Be 4mintiKerel to taeae bis
celebrated; syphilitic Speaficjud la a few weeks
I felt bound aader my contract to pay him out
of Lbc aoantv treeeurr. a he aad eflected comf
plet and radical core. .
Ha testimony I hereunto set my ontdal signa-
11.8.1 a. a. OILKA
Ordinary Boaswa Cos. .
W. take pna-or. t. -
Civics roed on gen-
tat reult from a w Laad. kSfai
T with Syphilitic K1" '
4 entirwy. aad soaaJ" IjfL
H U iso acteoa well rimuf m "
" atTa- has ha. car-
pnlaeef
ta
ary aad ternary cHILfS BCTET.
TUB SWIFT BPEC1P1C OOJiPANY I'ropna-
to
tore
a .tABta. (ia.
' Sold by
nr. . . limum w gaaw-aa asa mu
d rr"" rJ sr-.- v.. a a
SUV O wt IM. . '
cllj
3
on l v. i i f & i -i f
AGUE!
v v CrtA
! T t ' - it
M t
SCALES H
STANDARD 09 Via? WORliit i ' J '1 1 (f
la eosbkiiloi till fti ftiZ.
roeoremoarted ay 1
Want of VKatHy. As.
Da. Has-
leav
TV. Hmr:
Iuim Brow a el
eouulT. aa reuueawd
ue ta leader you hi STaMiul .
wlmivtniit tar Lhe ffreal beae
hi wlfa received rrom the UM of VtMU
ftCltalO
lBOK Tonic. He trlla na that attar havtuc MM
Ihrrri nrfnnrhaadia ilnlra il fcr. tilln ITrn MttH-e
lHON Tome did Jker store auad man all other med
ever uaed. bhe was troubled with JmummI e b
from which she la much relieved . '
ivuxa. iim jr.A.raTBBCKuo.-
ICajrrjTACTUliJfD BT
it 4 I. -1
I . Wit" J
I i i 'I f if
' 1 . . .
a x J
n i v w
AT LOW FISL'S:.
.v
Price
vwlew
or Any Other idiiop
KtNeUsMsns.
617 St. Charles Street St. Lools Mo.
aud Chrenlo SUeesee u uy .ow ftrurUa a at.
a f"' eV" ". "e fMHk kanw.
WHerre or Rupture all Urinarv Diaea.
vioa a. iuiim.1 1 i - - 1 1 .
Sypttilitie or mevearia affection of the three!
li't-" ' ! "frl nmmt. a
pinm e.!7rrmw.
srmatorrtHaa 8eiteef DebHity and Imao-
Mri7Mea.4mrl
ul mm ima ratnm marru
Jl)rmiUnaiiV i
tw ff suuta CvaniMioaat
llBHI'MMl B.l... .w
l4e trlMKlly WftftMip Mot ut M irtBfc
- . f ---) 1
'j'acselya.iaua.iiaiiii1i.trWii
pffirs. GUIDE.
Sa H'"f r ivntucf. i.wa-if ea-n m. 1 wm.
ewii eruv4n est. auatf vmU. 4 mr
a"7l asT. ftoMirr
eiir aa tuta. a. - aurn rr hi. .4 u.
RMattHlMTMti T fUotan er timiiMiiin
a4 away awa Tw raraTnrt trnMTinriitriraMiiTl.f
atvMJd naa It. kouattebarvulbTailadsn tnatikt
aaeawkMkaad kr. rii.raaitM.aa as aWa
' finrturm sm Mil kS at a avail I ann
HMWpttoHtu iaMTiav .
HO. FEE
4i
CaTJIfeeaSt fc'eMLmt ka eVaawai m ear Mt
DlOACQDES Z2Zb!t!z
hmtmug aar.n.a. spOTtouf m4 kiMMp r -Sr
lm I lulan. br. 1. ss tasa m. ml IW
14 astabUas .Oaa Hpnrnauvrawa haiui Vaut-
aaM aa4 lapaaaacr aM hrai af art. Us vwmtan
attest amn IM eare tm m Urn ears ail tba at
mm rassit; tram sair-aha... r...... mw arMNt
naiaallj muni tar MM) .It asl.aaMeuw. tli.i tjm.
Causa bra. Call aa4 aa. iaa Uavuee aaaaaaaaat aaav
o 1iissi rraa.raU alsisa
Syantoa Seek fei tw fttares tatUcS. Isurt
A.K.tTML lJ.frwla&L
Undoes seal SVerrper JyllxJy Lxpr.
UluatraUxJ Vamage Guide so page cloth
aod gilt tending SO ceduf same la paper
covers 89 ct. Slanhood. Mcegts; Womao-
'arkxi. if cents; fnentbltl ewute esceurely
S3il try SaUL.exa luOny r Oatago
stamps. Dr. W-Hnnnthe great special
617 St. Charles Btreal RL Lobk iUk '
Utstr 8U t BiiSTiest firm
jT-. .. rfc. . Utrl .... a ...1..
IA1S HtA fill i 1unm t.. .
tMlMti.laft.( MMaU
tie sr awia. m-r ;
A. OU. ft asaat S
scraoiiME!
or tbe speedy ewra of aemiaej au aeae
loot manWood. aod all (Jjaurdars irourlit &
bv excpeaee exposures or laxlmcrcooiia..
Moat drue-guts have the inrred tenia fare-
frtileta Marriage aad Celibacy' M paarea
Chronla ItlMmr-." SS pagea " fcauty oa
Spermalorrbata f upoteac. Ac aa paarva.
S coots each. We core all forma of oungea-
I ta I maifurmatloBa at ntfirnta r-hurr.
Chartered by th otato of MiMourl lo
ffosil ratlical speedy eeaenttne aod poiuo
eorea Uatlia. Kloeu-ieUy ail modern etli-
aarea aad tbe best surgical aod awihral
-ikilL SiaWieioee sect everywhere.
joi:r:so::'s;.noDYi!E
J ' J ta A JWT T.TIJT. 4
l war. ai'KiBVBaatrLeri-...M
ti- Laeym Cbrouit H-jex-rwaa liagt wuW
S22i T aaatisaaroS
Vaiu liata.' fcoid ararreW
8TPaATED:.-: ;
By J. T. Waaala. Before I. Lee i. V. T?'
eooaty Jane lu a bey mare aSM fo-
teea and a half bands fclgh ua ot " yi.-s
Old braaocd oa lfl atKJuldsv wt'b "i" :3
ov V7p a&4 onUrr!Tr i-H em at
bouldrr. sad branded oa tr-s u.;h wits "i
wllh -a "ever it ha srar t-a f t hemfc-
poed to be caused by Sstaa - 'oe lvt a d
rsrtit hind foot while sot" a ; Toar.f. .! ay-
I nrataed at tt. ' H AS K fc tiv .-. S.
J jettw-a Clerk Consty Coi Trans tu t..
w
fmiml Inlim
V
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Weekly Democratic Statesman. (Austin, Tex.), Vol. 9, No. 28, Ed. 1 Thursday, July 1, 1880, newspaper, July 1, 1880; Austin, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth277746/m1/2/: accessed July 7, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu.; .