The Bryan Daily Eagle and Pilot (Bryan, Tex.), Vol. 18, No. 169, Ed. 1 Monday, June 9, 1913 Page: 4 of 6
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ERRORS OF BEGINNER
Element of Common Sense Often
Is Woefully Lacking.
Having Blundered In Initial Move He
Now Proceed! to Crowning Folly
of Purchasing Cheap Stock-
Way for Success.
Practically all beginners are honest
In their belief In the biuiness but It
seems at times that the simple ele-
ment of common sense Is woefully
lacking In the majority of cases per-
haps because common sense is not so
common after all writes W. B. Thom-
as in Utility Pigeons.
Having blundered in his Initial
move he now proceeds to the crown-
ing folly of which he can be guilty
he buys cheap stock because it is
cheap. He Is either victimized by the
proverbially conscienceless dealer or
he takes the etock of some fellow who
has already demonstrated himself a
failure; in either case he gets a sorry
lot of birds.
Now suppose that Instead of com-
mitting the usual folly the beginner
applies a little of that golden specific
that I mentioned above common
sense. Instead of an old shack sup-
pose he provides a good rat-proof
houre built on plans approved by ex-
perienced breeders; then suppose he
looks up some good reliable breeder
t - ' . i' t ......
h T'
Squabs One Week Old
and Invests In a few well-mated work-
ing birds. Then having posted him-
self as fully as possible by reading
good pigeon literature let him give
his stock that careful attention indis-
pensable to the well-being of all living
things and it will not take a very tal-
ented prophet to predict a result quite
at Variance with the one first outlined.
Squabs die In the nest or are found
on the floor or do not fatten up prop-
erly when the old birds are not fed
properly. A young squab is not to be
compared with a young chick. A very
young chick can run about and help
itself to food and water and the other
necessities of life; whereas the squab
is utterly helpless at Its birth and is
unable to walk and must be fed in the
nest by the parent bird and with what
ever the parent birds may feed It
The watchful pigeon man is the one
who gives his flocks the best of care
He keeps them In health by noting the
first signs of ailment.
Hay Should Not Sunburn.
The feeding value as well as tha
market value and palatability of hay
is lowered by being sunburned: The
feeding value is probably hurt most by
the loss of leaves. Sunburned clover
and alfalfa lose a large part of the
leaves In handling and this is the
best part of the crop.
When the sun is shining very bright
ly the alfalfa or grass should not be
left in the swath long. A large part
of the curing should be done in the
windrow and the cock. Most of the
hay is then shaded and so the damag
ing effect of intense sunshine is re-
duced to the exposed portion. And a
etock cover will still further lessen
the injury from the sun as well as
from rain.
There is nothing the matter with
the hen that shows a bright eye and
a red comb.
Exercise la a better laying stimu-
lant for the bens ban heat-producing
condiments.
Establish if possible a brand of
eggs which will in Itself be a guar
antee of good quality.
Green food of some kind is neces
sary to make hens do their best in
the line of egg production.
Eggs ought to weigh a pound and a
half to the dozen or fifty-five pounds
net to the thirty dozen eggs.
It is poor policy to change the quar
ters of hens or pullets while laying
for it usually checks or stops egg pro-
duction. Experiments show that chickens
with strong vitality and plenty of
masculine characteristics make the
largest gains.
The best place for the incubator is
the one where the temperature is
most nearly uniform from day to day
under natural conditions.
Collect the eggs regularly at least
once better twice a day in moderate
weather and more frequently in very
warm and very cold weather.
Where green cut bone Is fed about
4 ounces a week fed in small quanti-
ties at a time Is a good average allow-
ance per hen. It need not be fed ev-
ery day.
If taken at a very early age chickens
can be taught to come and go at cer-
tain times to feed in a certain way
and do other things that will save
time and annoyance.
HABIT OF EXCHANGING EGGS
Exercise of Little Care In Gathering
and Selecting Will Net Advance
Over Common Price.
There is no satisfaction and but
very little money in exchanging eggs
for groceries or grain. By being care
ful in gathering eggs bo that they
won't become chilled in winter and
so the hens won't sit on them over
night and using a little care in sizing
and selecting quite an advance over
the common prices may be obtained
When possible sell your eggs direct
to the consumer. If not possible get
a market In your nearest city with
some grocer who deals in strictly
fancy groceries and provisions. Agree
to furnish him only strictly fresh
eggs and then for your own take
live up to the agreement. Carefully
clean all the eggs; don't send small
misshapen or large ones. Stamp each
egg with a rubber stamp using your
initials or the name of your farm and
In a short time you will have created
a demand for your eggs and when
you have created such a demand your
eggs will bring the highest prices
considerably more than your store
keeper would pay.
Several neighbors should send their
eggs together paying a cent or two
per dozen to one of their number for
doing the business and in this way
all would gain a little.
SOWING SEEDS TOO DEEPLY
Smaller Vegetables and Flowers Can
Hardly Be Covered Too Lightly
With the Soil.
More seeds are probably killed by
sowing or covering too deeply than
too lightly.
It Js no uncommon thing to find
small seeds covered with a quarter
or over half an inch of soil.
Thousands so deeply sown perish
germs either never come to life at all
or are quite unequal to coping with
such a weight of covering earth.
Only the larger seeds of vegetables
should be sown from a quarter to one
inch in depth.
Peas beans and such like seeds may
go underground two or three inches
but the smaller vegetables and flower
seeds can hardly be covered too light
ly provided they are covered.
It should always be borne in mind
that deep sowing ruins more seeds
than any other fault or mistake.
GARDEN PLOW MADE AT HOME
Implement Is Inexpensive Easy to Put
Together and Will Give Most
Excellent Results.
A garden plow is a very useful artl
cle but many people do not have gar
den enough to make It worth while
buying one. I have a home-made plow
that I find very useful. Any boy
handy with tools can make one like
It writes Fred L. Doty of Mound Val
ley Kan. In the Farmers Mail and
Breeze. A and B are pieces of 2 by 4.
At one end of B a rectangular bole is
mortised into which A fits and is bolt
ed. The other end of B Is mortised
out to form the forks for the 12-inch
wheel. The wheel is from an old baby
carriage with the rubber tire re-
moved. This leaves a hollow shaped
Home-Mado Garden Plow.
rim which rides over the ground bet
ter than a flat rim would. D is one
of the tools which may be used for
cultivation. A small cultivator shovel
will answer the purpose. Other tools
for garden working will suggest them
selves to the ingenuity of the maker.
The two iron strips bolted from A to
B have several holes at the upper end
to make them adjustable. The handle
braces are also of iron Btrips. The
handles are made of soft pine. This
plow does fine work and one person
can do as much with it as three per-
sons can- with ordinary hoes.
To Prevent Oat Smut
The Minnesota method: First thor
oughly clean the seed by rinsing it
through several waters taking one
pound (one pint) of formalin and
pour Into a barrel containing 40 to 45
gallons of water. Place the grain in
a gunny sack and dip it into this bar-
rel until you are satisfied that every
grain has been made wet. Then take
the oats out and dry them. They may
be kept for several days before they
are sown.
Lease Swellings Alone
The large swellings that occasion
ally appear in front of the knees of
cattle particularly old cows Is prop-
erly known as hygroma. It is usually
filled with a watery or straw-colored
fluid. Opening or other surgical oper-
ation is not advisable except by a
competent veterinarian. These swell-
ings usually do no harm and most of
the cases are most wisely left alone.
Moving Brood Hen at Night.
Move your setting hen at night and
chances are if she is broody she
will keep the nest you put her on;
whereas if changed during the day
time she is very apt not to act
Cutting Injured Trees. .
Trees injured by freezing very often
need to be severely cut back.
SPRAYING OUTFIT NECESSARY FOR -THE
PRODUCTION OF PROFITABLE FRUIT CROP
Common Mistake to Try to Economize in Purchase of Equipment
for Eradication of Orchard Pests Easy Matter for
Farmer to Have Liberal Supply of Small Fruits.
2 i
. t .
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Ink
js'
3
-
Showing the Good
It Is well for the farmer to realize
at outset that the conditions are very
different from what they were thirty
or forty years ago and that without a
good spraying outfit good fruit can-
not reasonably be expected. It Is well
to emphasize the word "good" in this
tentence writes E. E. Miller in the
Country Gentleman for it Is a very
common mistake to try to economize
In the purchase of a spraying outfit
und so to get one which will make
good work Impossible or at least make
the cost of doing It twice as much as
it should be. The manufacturers of
spraying outfits who lead men to be-
lieve that an apple tree can be
prayed with a bucket pump are do-
ing an injustice to their own ma-
chines as well as to the men to whom
they sell.
All this said not to discourage the
growing of the farm orchard but
merely to point out some things nec-
essary to make it a success; and to
show by contrast how easy It is for
the farmer to have a liberal supply of
the small fruits.
It is poor economy for farmers to
try to get on without a home orchard.
but it is much worse for them to try
to get on without berries and other
bush fruits and gra es. All berries
are easily grown. The strawberry can
be planted one year and be in full
bearing the next. Most of the others
need only two years in which to bear
abundantly. Except In certain locali
ties none of them are seriously at
tacked by other insect foe or disease.
The currant worm gooseberry blight
blackberry anthracnose and straw-
berry weevil will do considerable
damage in the aggregate but all of
them are more or less localized
and most of them are easily con
trolled. A man with a $6 knapsack
sprayer need spend only a few hours
in a season to protect enough bushes
and vines to produce all the small
fruits the average farm family will
need.
The following are the standard
formulae:
Bordeaux Mixture: This is a fun
gicide and used during the summer on
plants that have resistant leaves; It
Is made as follows: Copper Bulphate
or -blue stone 3 to 4 pounds; quick
lime 5 to 6 pounds; water 15 gallons
blssolve the blue stone in 25 gallons
of water; slack the lime in as much
CRUSADE AGAINST
POISON IVY PEST
While Not Fatal in Its Effects It I
Causes Much Unnecessary
Suffering.
Waee war upon the poison ivy and
Xeep at least the home place free from
It. Only the most drastic measures
have any effect upon it.
Teach the children to avoid any sort
of climber that has a three-lobed leaf.
While noison ivy is not fatal in it?
effects and many people are immune
from Its attacks It causes much un-
necessary suffering and it often af-
fects and impairs the health.
Start a crusade against tne pest
among your neighbors and worK
acalnst the common enemy. Try to
pass laws to authorize road supervi-
sors and commissioners to see that
their districts are kept clear of it.
Die or c ow it up to the smallest
root and branch for it is so tenacious
to life that a twig allowed to He upon
the ground has been known to take
root.
If every root cannot be dug touch
the broken end with crude oil or gome
strong acid. A load of fresh manure
dumped upon a clump of poison ivy
tn AugUBt will finish it.
Hired Man on Dairy Farm.
The hired man on the dairy farm is
seldom out of work and contrary to
the popular opinion this same hired
man is not so dissatisfied as many
would have you believe.
1 .wr
.
' -. ' Ak- -"" "
V
Effects of Spraying.
more and pour the two together at tht.
same time into a third barrel; pour
them through a sieve bo all the rocks
trash etc. will be kept out of the
final mixture. While applying this
mixture keep it well stirredw
Paris Green: A deadly poison for
biting insects made as follows: Paris
green 1 pound; quick lime 1 to
pounds; water 150 to 200 gallons.
Mix the parls green into a paste with
water: slack the lime and add the
whole reauired amount of water. Par
is green may also be used in connec
tion with bordeaux mixture instead of
water; the bordeaux taking the place
of the water. Paris green is not used
with self-boiled lime sulphur.
Arsenate of Lead: A biting Insect!
clde as parts green but more effective
as It is not so apt to hurt the foliage
of the tree; It Is however more ex
pensive than the paris green: Arsen
ate of lead 2 to 3 pounds; quick lime
2 to 3 pounds; water 50 gallons. Slack
the lime In the water and mix In the
arsenate of lead. Either bordeaux
mixture or self boiled lime-sulphur
can be used with the material instead
of water.
Kerosene Emulsion: This is a con-
tact insecticide used in the summer
time for soft-boiled insects like plant
lice; it is made as follows: Soft water
1 gallon (add borax to soften if water
Is hard) a good hard soap 1 to 2
pounds; kerosene 1 quart. Shave
the Boap Into the water and warm until
thoroughly dissolved; then add the
kerosene and churn or pump it back
and forth into Itself for at least 15 min
utes or a half hour; when thoroughly
emulsified add 21 to 22 gallons of wa
ter to make a 7 per cent solution; 2
gallons gives an 8 per cent and 11 to
12 gallons gives a 9 per cent.; the orig
lnal solution Is 15 per cent. Never ap-
ply the 15 per cent first; always start
with the 7 per cent solution and work
up to the stronger ones; It is hardly
ever necessary to use more than a 7
per ceit. for ordinary plant lice. Be
careful In making this mixture for If
the oil separates upon the plant the
leaves are sure to be Injured and
likely killed.
Soap Solution: Where foliage is too
tender to stand the kerosene Boap at
the rate of 1 pound to 6 to 8 gallons of
water may be used Instead; it is not
as good as the emulsion but a great
deal safer.
DUCKS REQUIRE
VERY LITTLE CARE
Fowls Consume Vast Quantities
of Food and Rapidly Convert
It Into Money.
It will pay to add ducks to the poul-
try department of every farm says
The Poultry Journal. Nothing was
ever known to grow so fast and cause
bo little worry and work as ducks.
Kverything Is "grlBt" that comes their
way. They consume vast quantities
of coarse foods and convert it rapidly
into flesh and money.
The growth they make is wonder-
ful. They are independent of the
caretaker except so far as food Is
concerned. When they have grown to
be two or three weeks old they even
provide the greater part of their
own food by bunting for it. They
are the happiest brightest and most
independent things on the farm. They
require a house or houses of their
own plenty of water to drink and
puddle their bills In and grit in some
form.
Profit In Young Cattle.
The Central experiment stattin
farm at Ottawa Canada found t'-nt
by comparing 1000 pounds live
weight in the case of calves year-
lings two and three-year-olds that
the profit for each 1.000 pounds was:
"Calves $31; yearlings. $27; two-year-olds
$19.10; three-year-olds.
$12.80.
USING PACKING BOXES
Farm Poultryman Will Find Them
of Much Convenience.
Portable Colony Houses May Be Em
ployed for Part of Hatching With
Hens Coops Can Be Mads
That Are Easily Cleaned.
Where packing boxes can be bought
from the stores at reasonable prices
they can be used In different ways by
the farm poultryman at a consider-
able saving in material and labor.
We do part of our hatching with hens
and set them in a portable colony
house 8x10 feet. The house has a
shed roof open front a slx-sash win
dow in one end and a door with both
a wooden and a wire sash In the
other writes Thomas L. Bayard of
Green County Pa. In the National
Stockman and Farmer. Nests for the
Bitting bens are made from grocery
boxes that are not less than 24 inches
long 18 inches wide and 16 Inches
deep. The top of the box Is removed
and made into a partition dividing the
box into two halves each 12x18x16
inches or larger. An inch board C
Inches wide is nailed lengthwise on
the top. The box is then set on its
side and makes two nests. A board
12 inches wide is hinged on this 6-
Inch board and raised and lowered at
will thus confining the hens when-
ever desired. A 2-Inch space is left at
!iiiii.yi mmm
Home-Mado Nests.
the top of this hinged front for light
and ventilation. By putting the boxes
the one on the other quite a number
of hens can be accommodated in a
small house. Seo illustration.
Boxes smaller than this can be
made into coops. The top is removed
and the ends sawed slanting. A re-
movable top is made and covered
with two-ply felt roofing. It can be
hinged if desired. The bottom Is re
movable. If desired a door can be
cut in the side and hinged on. This
makes a coop that is easily cleaned
and can be stored In a small space.
Colony houses for universal hovers
are made from dry goods boxes 3x4x3
feet and larger.' The top Is removed
and placed in a slanting position by
elevating one side of it on a super-
structure. A door and a window are
cut In front being careful to nail
cleats before using the saw. The bot
tom Is removable. The top back and
sides are covered with two-ply felt
roofing. If this is painted every year
with a roofing paint costing twenty-
five cents a gallon here It will last
many seasons and can be used for
sheltering poultry during the winter.
Return From Uss of Manure.
The net return realized from a ton
of yard manure under general farming
conditions dependa upon the soil
method of cultivation and crops grown.
The Ohio experiment station has ob-
tained an Increase amounting to $4.89
per ton from yard manure used at the
rate of eight tons per acre in a five-
year rotation of corn oats wheat clo-
ver and timothy; four tons being ap-
plied to corn and four tons to wheat
this return being the average for the
third five-year period; the average re
turn from yard manure used In all
tests in which rotation is practiced
has been $2.97 per ton for the whole
time.
Do Not Feed Moldy Corn.
Moldy corn will produce blind stag
gers in horses and it should never be
fed to them. Every year there is con
sidcrable trouble with this disease
in the west and in almost every case
the cause Is moldy corn. If this corn
does not produce blind staggers it
will tend to injure the physical condi
tion of the animal. So don't feed it
and be careful about pasturing the
horses in stalk fields where there is
moldy corn.
GENERAL
r llll J
Sweet corn is a very profitable
crop. One reason for this is because
it is so easily handled.
Don't wait until June to set your
plants. Do it Just as soon as you can
get the ground in good tilth.
The best garden seed is cot al
ways found in the packages on which
are found the prettiest pictures.
Thick neck onions are usually seen
during such seasons as have wet
weather at the usual time of ripening.
On a small scale vegetable seeds
may be started In small boxes or
flats placed under the kitchen stove.
One of the secrets of successful
gardening is the thorough prepara-
tion of the seed bed and its cultiva-
tion. Fill in about the houses and barn
wherever there are low wet places.
No matter what the weather go dry
shod.
Don't plant the large varieties of
cucumbers expecting to raise as
many as if the cluster kind were
used.
When It Is seen that the lima beans
are rotting replant the hills immedi
ately to make sure of a perfect stand
of plants.
I M"C" "besiwous wood waste
Annual Lois In Lumber Industry i
. E.Jmated at $300000000 All
Can Be Utilized.
The bureau of ch'Istry - of th
United States depaynont of agricul-
tural has complete! a study of the
possibility of utilizing more thorough-
ly the enormous quantities of waste
resinous wood produced in the lum-
ber industry. This annual. waste is
estimated at no less than 8000000
cords. According to the bureau's in-
vestigations this can be manufac-
tured into paper pulp turpentine
resin oils pine oils wood alcohol and
other products worth nearly $300-
000000 or as much low grade paper
and the other products as we are now
manufacturing in the United States.
A cord of wood which costs from
two to four dollars delivered at the
works will yield products worth
$48.17. The waste consists of wood
left in the forest from lumbering
dead and fallen timber stumps of
cutover lands and slabs and edgings
from the mills.
' At present the waste resInouPf
woods areused to some extent ' 1
manufacture. Some plants convert
the waste into paper. Others tur
out wood turpentine and pine oils.
In many works rosin oils and rosin
spirts are being made from the resin
of the live trees. But these first two
industries are Just beginning to de
velop. The investigation of the bu
reau shows that the three industries
of paper making wood distillation
and rosin oil production can best be
developed in combination. Their de
velopment will not only open a profit
able field of industry but should
prove a big factor in the conservation
of our resources in addition. By the
utilization of our waste and fallen
timber the Injury to the forests by
fire and insects will be materially re
duced.
Douglas fir and other woods rich la
resins are suitable for this manufac
ture.
GOOD HINTS FOR HOG RAISER
Animal Should Never Be Fed on
Ground or In Pen Where Foul
Matter Abounds.
Comfort is cheaper than corn.
Pigs should never be fed on the
ground in a yard or pen where their
own excrement abounds. Changing
from place to place in the pasture does
very well in the summer but In the
winter a good feeding floor should be
provided.
Never compel hogs to sleep in straw
stacks manure piles or any place
where they will come out Bteamlng
and sneezing in the morning. m
Good care meanB good breediLg.
good feeding constant watchfulness
to small details and finally marketing
at the right time to get the most
dollars.
We cannot grow pigs profitably
without feed enough to keep them
gaining' steadily.
HITCHING STRAP IMPROVED
Simple and Inexpensive Device Made
for Permanent Attachment to
Horse's Harness.
In describing a hitching strap In
vented by T. Schaefer of Olney I1L
the Scientific American says:
In the present patent the invention
Is an Improvement in hitching straps
and has for its object the provision of
a simple Inexpensive device of the
Hitching Strap.
character specified for permanent a;
tacnmont to the harness and bv meaoi
of which the draft or the like. The ati
companying illustration shows a sid
view or tne halter in place and In tf
latched position.
Fighting Perennial Pet.
The dandelion is a perennial Doflt
and worse some seasons than others
There are two methods of getting rid!
of it One Is to take a sham knlf
and cut the plants off Just below tlx
crown. The -other and this methoa
Is recommended for larger areas I
to spray the young and tender plant
with a strong solution of iron sul
pnato or green vitriol. This puts tfc
plnnts out of commission but doe.1
not seriously injure the grass.
Fertlllza Prooerlv-
Farmers are paylna: out mllllona n
dollars each year for fertilizers. Probl
amy tne greater part of this money 1.1
weu spent but It is possiblo that lil
migni oe uetter snent bv a mora m
ful selection of the goods UBed bjj
aaapung ine fertilizer to the crop!
and soil and by buvlne on thA nii
Of the Plant food thev rnntaln mtho
than by seeking goods that sell at t
low price.
Renew Rhubarb Bed.
If the rhubarb bed la several year
old this month will be a good time t
renew it Dig up part of the rooti
lit. it . .
bpui mem ana reset. Next spring
wUl be a healthy growth of tr
shoots.
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Buchanan, A. J. The Bryan Daily Eagle and Pilot (Bryan, Tex.), Vol. 18, No. 169, Ed. 1 Monday, June 9, 1913, newspaper, June 9, 1913; Bryan, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth324458/m1/4/: accessed June 28, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu.; .