The Atlanta News. (Atlanta, Tex.), Vol. 8, No. 43, Ed. 1 Thursday, June 11, 1908 Page: 6 of 8
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AND
HANKS
A RUSTIC SEAT.
ft Can Be Made by the Person Handy
with Tools.
The rustic settee illustrated in Fig.
1 may be made 6 feet long, which will
accommodate four averaged-sized per-
sons. It is not advisable to exceed
this length, as then it would look out
of proportion, says the Wood-Worker.
Select the material for the posts, and
for preference branches that are
inches,, up from the lower ends of
posts. The front center lejf is par-
tially halved to the front rail and also
connected to the back post by a bear-
er, 4 inches deep by 1% inch thick.
This bearer is tenoned to the back
post.
Fig. 3 shows a sectional view of the
bearer joint to front leg, and also the
half-round seat battens resting on the
bearer, also showing them with their
edges planed. It is advisable to have
a space between the edges of each
batten, say about one-eighth inch, to
allow rainwater to drain. The ends
of the seat battens are pared away
to fit the transverse rails neatly as
shown in Fig. 2. The struts for the
post range in diameter from 1% to 2
inches. The ends of the struts are
pared to fit the posts and rails, and are
Rustic Seat and Details of Construction.
slightly curved, as shown in the
sketch. The front posts are about
3% inches in diameter by two feet 4
inches long. The back posts are 3
feet 4 inches high, while the center
post is 3 feet 8 inches in height. The
longitudinal and transverse rails are
about 3 inches in diameter and their
ends are pared away to fit the post to
which they are connected by 1-inch
diameter dowels. This method is
shown in Fig. 4. The dowel holes
are bored at a distance of 1 foot 2%
IMPROVED MAGNETIC CRANES.
Ingenious Devices for the Handling of
Heavy Machinery.
The successful employment of elec-
tromagnets during the past few years
for lifting parts of
machicery, fin-
ished and unfln-
i s h e d castings,
rails, ingots, and
pigs has been
mentioned more
than once in these
columns. Recent-
ly great progress
has been made in
the application of
such magnets in
With
With Shells.
Safety
vice.
the crane industry, and some of the
improvements introduced into large
German, Belgian and American fac-
tories are described in the American
Machinist by Frank C. Perkins. Says
this writer:
"An ingenious crane equipped with
lifting magnets has been placed in op-
eration at the George-Marienhutte in
Osnabnjck. At this German installa-
tion the magnets proved successful
even while the machinery was worked
to its utmost capacity. It was neces-
sary to transport hot as well as cold
ingots. When it is remembered that it
is impossible to raise ingots of a tem-
perature of over 750 degrees Fahr.
with a magnet, the reason for a sec-
ond lifting appliance is evident. This
consisted of tongs controlled from the
operator's cab and furnishing two
tons' lifting power in addition to that
of the magnet.
I "While lifting magnets are used in
iron and steel plants, many engineers
do not believe
that a rational and
cheap operation of
them is possible.
It is evident, how-
ever, that the loss
time in the or-
dinary working of
electric cranes by
means of chains is
not taken fully
into account. No
time is lost in lifting by means of
magnets, as they are lowered, receive
their current, pick up the load and are
raised again with a great saving of
time over the chain method. The op-
eration of detaching the load is equally
quick and simple. Another interesting
feature is, that the capacity of a lift-
ing magnet may be regulated at any
time. It is, therefore, possible to raise
a number of sheets together and then
drop them singly. There is also ad-
vantage in placing ingots or other
pieces diredtly side by side and with-
out using supports. The general criti-
cism has been made that electromag-
nets are not reliable and safe for lift-
ing purposes, for if the objects being
transported strike
against an ob-
struction, or if
the current is in-
terrupted, they
may drop and en-
danger life and
property.'
Forms of Ger-
man magnets for
lifting service
With Grip Jaws, with protective
grlppers or jaws are shown in the
illustrations, below. When the grlp-
pers are opened the magnet is lowered
automatically tof raise the objects de-
aired; the grippers then close beneath
the magnet so that the dropping of the
rails, channel bars, or angles is out of
the question." Says Mr. Perkins:
"It is maintained that these grippers,
while serving as a protection, also ef-
fect a saving of current. When the
magnet drops the objects into the grip-
pers they continue the transportation
of the material; thus the current is
used only during the short period of
ttftiag.
"For transporting rails, a crane-lift-
then secured with two or three brads
at each end.
Select curved pieces, about 2%
inches in diameter, for the arm rests
and back rails; while the diagonally
placed filling may be about 2 inches
in'diameter. Start with the shortest
lengths, cutting them longer than re-
quired, as the paring necessary to fit
them to the rails and posts shortens
them a little. Brad them in position
as they are fitted, and try to arrange
them at regular intervals.
ing magnet system is in use at Lear
near Ruhrort. . . .
There are two
cranes, each hav-
ing a span of 144
feet and fitted
with two magnets.
They transp ort
rails and angles to
the cars for load-
ing, eight rails or
more being raised
and carried at a For Angles or
time. At this plant Rails,
a series of tests were made to com-
pare lifting magnets with other trans-
porting appliances such as chains,
curved arms and other apparatus. It
is maintained that the lifting magnets
gave the most favorable service; not
only as to cost of operation, but relia-
bility as well."
MEALS ON A BIG SCALE.
Coffee Pot Which Will Hold 5,000
Cups.
At a recent municipal celebration in
Covina, Cal., in which a barbecue was
given to mark the advent of an elec-
tric railway, coffee was served from
m
Capacity 5,000 Cups.
an urn holding 250 gallons or 5,000
cups; beans were cooked in a pot
holding 200 gallons, and 12 steers and
twice as many sheep and porkers
were roasted to a turn in a 44-foot
trench.
The giant coffee pot stood«9 feet
high and was the largest ever made.
It was heated over a roaring fire, built
underneath.
Topography of the Air.
This Is not such a contradiction in
terms as it may seem. Recent ex-
ploration of the atmosphere has re-
vealed an astonishing definlteness of
arrangement In Its layers, although of
course the details are continually
changing. Recently Capt. C. H. Ley,
in England, has directed his studies
of floating balloons to a solution of the
question of the influence of the topo-
graphy of the earth's surface on the
state of the air above It. He finds,
among other things, that the disturb-
ances produced by hills and valleys
are transmitted to an unexpectedly
great elevation, affecting the lower
and middle strata throughout. A gen-
eral effect noticed is that the velocity
of the wind or of a current of air, is
increased over a hill and diminished
over a valley. He thinks that similar
observations, generally distributed,
would furnish us with a real topo-
graphy of the air.
Lemoine's Diamonds.
It Is reported in the newspapers
that the French electrical engineer
Lemolne, charged with having swin-
dled Sir Julius Wernher of more than
$300,000 by selling an alleged Inven-
tion for making diamonds artificially,
has failed to prove to the court that
his method is feasible. The investiga-
tion, It - is said, showed that it was
impossible to make gems of the size
t£at he claimed.
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BY J.B.GAIRINfi
fit
38
k
'O any observing tourist who might
journey around the globe the various
types of sea and river craft that he
would see on such a trip are as dis-
tinctive as are the costumes of many
of the countries he would travel through.
Few Americans there are who are not famil-
iar with our present styles of water craft, such
as the common rowboat and sailing yachts, but
there are many who, if told that these boats set
down on some foreign stream would excite con-
siderable curiosity, would be greatly surprised.
However, if they would stop to consider that
these boats were evolved from the primitive
crafts of our forefathers and that the various
conditions in different lands would make these
boats impracticable, the surprise would be some-
what tempered.
First, let us consider the gondola of Italy, re-
nowned in song and story. The gondola has
probably been drawn oftener than any other
boat on record. Crank and black and dismal, with
THE N/fTIVm. OWOJ3-
W&MOF
■■■■■HQ
is swung around, and what was the stern be-
comes the bow. Proas are from 40 to 65 feet
long and six or seven feet wide, and are said
to attain a speed of 20 miles an hour.
The junk is the distinctive type of Chinese
marine architecture, a somewhat uaprogressive
science among the celestials. Even before the
Christian era, John Chinaman voyaged from
port to port in vessels of this build and rig. The
sails are made of matting and are reefed in
much the same way as a Venetian blind is
raised. The junk is built along the lines of an
oriental slipper with the curved keel for the
sole and the drop aft for the heel. The com-
mon river boat or sampan is on the even more
familiar model of the inverted flat iron. The
modern large junk is a good' sea boat and will
ride a severe typhoon in safety.
On the streams of India may be seen a type
of rowboat which somewhat resembles our
American craft. It is, however, of clumsy con-
struction and the oars, which are lashed to
Si1
%.;^wee
^<3 of china
ODD
"South E#5
the bright steel beak on the lofty prow, this
boat does not appeal so successfully to the nau-
tical mind as it would seem to do to the artistic
and poetical one. But on the miles ,of canals
In the city of Venice this craft is peculiarly
adaptable. The gondola was formerly the only
means of getting about the city, but It Is now be-
ing displaced In part by small launches. The
ordinary- gondola Is 30 feet long and four or five
feet wide, and Is flat-bottomed so that the draft
is light. The bottom rises slightly above the
water at the ends, while at the bow and stern
slender ornamental stem and stern pieces reach
to about the height of a man's breast. There is
a covered shelter for passengers in the middte
of the boat which Is easily removable. In ac-
cordance with mediaeval regulation gondolas are
painted black. The gondolier stands erect, with
his face toward the bow and propels the boat
with a forward stroke, making his way through
the narrow and often crowded canals with amaz-
ing dexterity.
Throughout the Islands of the Pacific the ca-
noe Is a common sight. Strictly speaking the
canoe Is a light boat designed to be propelled by
a paddle held In the hands without any fixed
support, although in some cases canoes may be
seen that have an auxiliary sail to be used under
favorable conditions.
The canoes most commonly seen In the waters
of the Hawaiian Islands are built from a single
tree trunk hollowed out with an outrigger as seen
in the Illustration. Wonderful sailors, too, are the
natives who in them often undertake long E*a
voyages, far out of the sight of land, and passing
from one island to another.
The canoes of Samoa are built of several
pieces of wood of Irregular shape fastened to-
gether and cemented with gum to prevent their
leaking. The coasts of the mainland of Slam,
Burmah and China also swarm with canoes.
While the catamar&r. Is a type of water craft
that may be seen in several countries, each type
ns a rule has its distinctive features. The cata-
maran is a favorite of the Chinese fisherman and
the larger streams of that oriental country are
well populated with these boats. They are con-
structed of two narrow canoes fastened together
and propelled from the stern with a long, narrow
oar. In its original form the catamaran consisted of
three logs, the middle one being the longest,
lashed together. It was used by the natives of
the Coromandel coast, particularly Madras, and
also in the West Indies and on the coast of
South America.
The Fiji islanders developed the catamaran
idea in their war canoes, which consist of two
parallel logs joined together with a platform on
which a mast is placed. These boats are safe
and also very swift.
The flying proa of the Ladrone Islanders is
another type of the catamaran made with two
hulls of unequal size. The larger hull, which car-
ries the rigging, is perfectly flat on one side and
rounded on the other. On this are placed bam-
boo poles projecting beyond the rounded side,
and to their ends is fastened a boat-shaped log
one-half or one-third the size of the larger hull.
This prevents capsizing as effectually as the Fiji
double canoe. Both ends of the proa are made
alike, and the boat is sailed with either end first;
but the out-rlgger is always to windward.
Against a head of wind the proa is kept away till
the stern approaches the wind, when the yard
wooden uprights fastened to the sides of the
boat, overlap each other. The natives, however,
are expert in the handling of the craft.
In southeastern India, near the Strait Set-
tlements, an odd sailing craft may be found.
This vessel is rigged with four sails, the larger
one set slightly to the front of the center, while
two others of still smaller design are set one
at the prow and the other midway between the
two. The smallest of the sails Is rigged at the
stern and Is Intended to aid in steering the craft.
On the rivers of England and Ireland may be
seen several types of the wherry, which is very
popular in these waters. Oars are used to aid the
single sail in the smaller boats of this type but the
Portsmouth wherry, used In the open sea, has a
mainsail and rejoices in a topmast and a topsail.
The Turkish caique Is a familiar object in the
Sea of Marmora and among the islands of the
Aegean. She is distinguished by her peculiar
mainsail, which is a combination of a fore-and-
aft sail and a square sail.
Pages of Interesting reading might be written
of the many peculiar boats which may be found
the world over. While the essential principle
of boat-building must necessarily be similar, vari-
ous nations and tribes have developed the idea
along different lines until to-day the various styles
and types of water craft can be numbered by the
hundreds.
WHY THE BOY WAS BAPTIZED
At a little luncheon given on the day before
his departure for Europe to Joseph Cowen, the
English Zionist, the subject of apostasy came up
and one man, to illustrate its prevalence, related
that only a few days ago#the first child in the
home of one of New York's wealthiest Jews had
been baptized because "the parents hoped by that
means to remove an obstacle In the way of the
boy's progress." This recalled to another man
at the table a story told at Basis by tha late
Dr. Theodor Herzl. At a dinner party, so went
the story, given by Mr. Stocksen Bonds, a preco-
cious child asked the father: "Do all people turn
into Jews when they grow old?" "No, my boy,"
answered the father, who had renounced his faith
and become a Christian before the little fellow
was born; "no, my koy, why do you aak?" "Well,
father, we children are all Christians, you and
mother are Christians, but grandfather, who just
came from Russia, he's an awful Jew." .
■jsjKk;i
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The Atlanta News. (Atlanta, Tex.), Vol. 8, No. 43, Ed. 1 Thursday, June 11, 1908, newspaper, June 11, 1908; Atlanta, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth329808/m1/6/?q=%22~1%22~1: accessed July 16, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu.; crediting Atlanta Public Library.