The Rebel (Hallettsville, Tex.), Vol. [5], No. 223, Ed. 1 Saturday, October 30, 1915 Page: 3 of 4
four pages : ill. ; page 20 x 14 in. Digitized from 35 mm. microfilm.View a full description of this newspaper.
Extracted Text
The following text was automatically extracted from the image on this page using optical character recognition software:
M&ii&
i
®#%S
«
improve conditions himself,
be otn *t least recommend them to
superiors to be transmitted to
Boerd of Directors for approv
al. This might indeed lie done, end
with the extension of en under-
••
«' B^ort
ine««, tad ilutributing the profit,
direction generally exists
costs may be secured
with high wages, probably would
fact
rt of Only through the removal of exec- ™ W0Ul?
of Be- utive o£SS who ha U, deliver J* * ™ ***"*- eloept
; eon- the expected profits, and through { ° >w>m
the appointment of their ■iiMwi.i 1^Wigh-wi#e
,*e*
the Staff. Re-
in ftdl aoeepted and order-
nted b
A<
Prank P.
BHMO-*
SUCCfiS'
sora.
"Upon the testimony , of finan>
as directors,
tiers
hundreds of corporations, th ty
director ot large corporation*
not only totally ignorant of the
tual operations of auch corpora-
tions, whose properties he seldom,
Farm Workers Also.
In agric
if ever, visits, but feels and exer
respontfbi
there if no ar- thing beyond the financial
cases no
>ility for
any-
■■■■RPHI I
which can be tion and the selection of executive
i 0f jg. officials. Upon their own state-
y, the ments, these director* know no
Am- thinf and on nothing about th^P^' j#^* rn
lualitqr of "*
while in some sections agri- Quality of thev product, the condi-
J laborers are well paid and tion and treatment of the workers
treated, the condition of the fr°m whose labor they derive their
ory much like that of the income, or the general manage,
workers. '■ ®«nt of die buwness.
r, there is a peculiar "So far aa operation and actual
in agriculture, which management ere concerned, the
i * brief but stromr statement executive officials are practically
point aa a pref.2 to a more Upon their orders pro
discussion later The moat duction is increased or decreased,
fact in American agri- plants are operated or shut down,
the rapid growth of ten-
1910 there were 37 teaant-
farins out of each 100
in the United States si eom-
with 28 in 1890, an increase
per cent during 20 years.No
i-wide investigation of the
_ of tenant farmers has ev-
made, but in Texas where
low-cost theory, and habitually in
siat thai managers shall buy labor,
aa tirty buy material, in the cheap
«et market" -v -
V J' A* to Directors.
"Moreover, raising wages tra
ditionally unpopular among stock
holders and directors, and reoom
mendations for better conditions,
particularly if they involve new
capital, are frowned upon. Neither
the Stockholders nor the directors
have to lite on wages or work n
the existing suiroundings, and
Ivestigations of this Commis-
rwere thorough and conclusive,
profits lost
"The workers, therefore, deny
the potency of even good inten-
tions on the part of managers,and
point to labor history which they
Allege shows that at best only isol
atcd cases can be pointed out
where" marked improvements have
taken place except in response to
repeated demands from the wort
eta,' or to forestall the growth of:
Ti"'wommmtaioraithroned or*™*, turn. Thoy
wages are raised or lowered. But
eventhey have little direct contact,
with the actual establishment of
working conditions, and no rela
tion at all with the rank and file
of the workers. They act upon the
recommendations of superintend-
ents, whose information comes
from their assistants and foremen
and from the elaborate statistics
was found not only that the eeo-'of modern business, which account
condition of the teat wan
* bad, but also that he was
from being free, whereas his
was regarded as hopeless,
housed, ill-nourished, un-
ited, and hopeless, these ten-
ets continue year after year to
out a bare living, moving fre-
Lently from one farm to another
the hope that something will
P« '
ithout a Urge family, the
mnt cannot hope to succeed or
even, so in each tenant fam-
numerous chfldren are being
ired to a future which under
' conditions will be no bet-*
as gaad as that of their par-
The wife of a typical tenant
ier, the mother of eleven chil-
i, stated in her testimony be-
the Commission that in addi*
to the rearing of children and
worit of the house, she always
Iped with the crops, ad during
the years of her married lifa
had had no ready-ma4e dr« -
and only three hats.
j" The investigations of this Com-
in in that rich and generally
erous section of the country
confirm and accentuate the
^tements of the Federal Indus-
rDkunmission which reported
5: "The result of this system
tenancy) is that the rent-
rarely ever succeed in laying
i surplus. On the contrary,
experiences are so discourag'
Ppiat they seldom remain
the same farm for more than a
m
m
law affords yon the greatest opportunity to serve yourself and the clam to which you be-
The worker needs you to fight his legal, social and economic battles. The workers are
in the courts and they are too often without a defender from their own class. They
must be represented by a capitalist lawyer, tried before a capitalist judge, and hence are be-
trayed and defeated.
S
m
for every piece of material and
product, show the disposition of
every penny that comes and goes,
but ignore, as though they did not
exist, the men and women who®-?
labor drives the whole mechanism
of business."
The Big Question.
"Here, then, is the field of in-
dustrial relations: Masses of work-
era on the one side dealing in some
manner with foremen and superin
tendents on the other,, behind
whom ia an organisation of exeout
ive officials, representing in turn
the Board of Directors, who are
the chosen representatives of the
stockholders.
"The crux of the whole ques-
tion • of industrial relations is:
Shall the workers for the protec-
tion of their interests be organiz-
ed and represented collectively by
their chosen delegates, even aa the
stockholders are represented by
their directors and by the various
grades of executive officials and
bosses?
"In considering this issue the
first question that presents itself
is: Why should such represents
tion be demanded as a necessity 1
The executive "offisials, superin-
tendents and bosses, some witnes
ses have urged before the Commis
sion, are not only for the most part
humane and well-intentioned men
but they knojr that the interests
of the business depend upon the
welfare of the workers and, if un-
point also to such facts a" that
children of 12 years or younger
were not only kept in the factories
(as they still are in some states
wtufre there4 has been little aggres
sive agitation), but almost with
out exception they were insisted
upon by the employers as a ne
cessity,"
Organisation Required.
"The evidence of this character,
which ia summarised elsewhere
seems to be conclusive of the ne-
cessity for organization and re-
presentation nnder modem busi-
ness conditions. But even if it
were not necessary, it is difficult to
see and reason why what is de-
manded and required by stock
tolder* should be denied to work-
ers. It would be aa illogical for
stockholders individually to at-
tempt to deal with the represent-
atives of the unions, aa it is for
he individual worker to attempt
to deal with executive officials, f«-
)resenting the organized stock-
lolders."
Conclusions and recommenda-
ions relating to living and work-
ing conditions of labor are stated
as follows: /
Sfi
«
*
s
s
%
s
s
s
*
STUDY LAW*
Power is coming into
the hands of the workers.
Thousands of public of-
fice* in thf United States
require lawyers to fill
them. More members of
the working class could be
eh&ted to these offices if
they possessed the legal
training and could quali-
fy. We need competent,
trained^ men and women.
A course in law will fit
you to render thia service
to your class. We need ev-
erywhere working class
lawyers in active practice.
Think how Darrow, Shep-
pard, LeSueur, London,
and many other brilliant
defenders of labor havs
fought for working class
justice.
Eugene V.Debs,Chancellor
STUDY LAW*
Every reading, earnest,
thinking worker can now
learn law. You do not need
college or a high school
education. Can you
read and write the
English language under-
standing!)- T That is educa-
tion enough. We train you
by maty at home in spare
time. Keep your job and
earn while you learn.
Study law in your own
school where working class
lawyers will teach you the
working class interpreta-
tion of the law. This is of
the greatest importance to
you for it will enable you
to step at once into a posi-
tion of importance and
great influence in the class
struggle.
Knowledge of tha law lays the foundation of success in business and professional life. This
is true because of the close relationship of law and business under modern economic condition.
hindered, will pay the best wages
r They\irr0t on^unable to ^d create the best working <*>ndj
by my money, but their chil-itmns that the business can afford
un remain uneducated and half Organization and reprewntetiou
thed. The system is apparently are therefore argued to be unne-
of the most undesiderable, so cessarjr and tending only to pro
mote friction and interfere with
the management of the business.
"Let us grant the higher char-
acter and good intentions of of
re^oyeraP7nd'Vem7loyees,| fidjh, and consider the ajatemcnt
points out that the ty-jof the workers in reply. They sav
nnraniza ! that in modern corporate business
the actions of officials are govern
Mr> I ed not by their personal intentions
|r as its effect on the community
concerned'."
\orporation8 and Wage Earners.
Discussing existing 1 elation# be-
>form of industrial organiza
n is the corporation.
I"In transportation," sayB
rpprorima^y l6b per but by the inexoroble demands for
the wage earners are em- interest and dividends, and arc
by corporations; in mining driven not by their desire to create
r cent- and in the manufac- a permanently successful business
t 75 per cent Moreover, it with, a contented labor force bui
tw cfTOAt by the never-relaxed spur of tb<
under this form that the great , . ,
mblen of indnrtrud relation. wmparativ.co^Mt
ire developed. j Managers Cannot Effect Reforms
" " ~ * "The constant demand is for
After analyzing the elements; mPVPV|i
go to make up a typical cor- high production at low cost, not gaining between _
ion Mr. Manly says: ! through improvements and gootlemployees for the purpose of form
W
*
Your Own School.
Capitalist correspond-
ence schools are organized
for profit. The People's
College is organized for
service. We do not exploit
the need of the working
class for education. Your
hard earned dollars do not
go into dividends for any
man or group of men.Com-
pare our prices with those
of any capitalist school,
then compare the courses.
K
S
US
Y-h
The Best Course.
Remember that our
course in the same splendid
course that over 4,000
members of the Appeal to
Reason law course tested
out They are now prac-
ticing and making good;
they are men of influence
and power in their com-
munity, serving both them-
selves and the class to
. which they belong. Re-
member The People's Col-
lege is the only school in
the world owned and con-
trolled by the working
class.
% J. I. Hheppard. President.
Our system of teaching will convince you of the practicability of our law course.
"As a result of the investiga
tions which have been made the
following conclusions are justi-
fied:
1. The welfare of the State de-
mands that the Useful labor of ev-
ery able-bodied workman should as
m
m
s
s
«
s
s
K
*
*
W
K
«
r
s
s
X
K
#
S
S
W
prepared lj y America's
foremost legal experts and
instructors.
Upon enrollment you re-
ceive a 14 volume law lib-
rary, a magnificent set of
books, and in addition 52
text books.
A Law Library.
We give you the same
training as the best capit-
alist law school, for you
must be trained to meet ca-
pitalists uprni their own
a minimum be compensated by suf-1 ground. Our text books are
ficient income to support in com-1 K" 4
fort himself, a wife, and at least
three minor children, and in addi-
tion to provide for sickness, old
age, and disability. Under no other
conditions can a strong, contented
and efficient citizenship be devel-
oped.
2. Under existing conditions
such an income is not received by
fully one-half of the wage earners
employed in industry.
• 3. The natural resources of the
United States are such that an in-
dustrial population properly edu-
cated and efficiently organized Sfi
can produce enough to achieve thi.j J jg
standard of living. ,
4. It i« probable that even at
present the national agricultural
and industrial output, is sufficient
to permit the establishment of such
a standard.
5. The problem is therefore es
sehtisllv one of distribution.
6. The fixing of the wages of
adult workmen by legal enactment
is not practicable nor desirable as
a general policy, except for public j
employees.
7. A just standard of wage® m
any industry cr occupation can
best be reached by collective bar
Arthur LeSueur, Dean of
Law Department.
Study Law in Your Own School.
The Dean of our Law Department is Arthur
LeSueur and your work will be under his per-
sonal direction. We offer all that the capitalist
schools offer you and something which they
cannot give you, a working class interpretation
of law. ■ A
THE PEOPLEo COLLEGE,
Fort Scott, Kansas.
Clip ihis Goupon and Send
it to us Today
THE PEOPLE'S COLLEGE,
Port Scott, Kansas.
Please send me the particulars
concerning your course in Law.
Name
Address
E 15 | State
I
Train Your Mind.
A legal training will do
more toward the develop-
ment of you maximum
mental powers than an/
t ther course of training or
education. It makes vou
think and reason, analyze
and apply. It gives you
the ability to get qujckly
at essentials, to separate
the wheat from the chaff.
It develops as nothing else
in the world, your powers
of initiative and brings to
the surface and vitalizes
faculties otherwise dor-
irant.
W
*
Sfi
X
m
*
s
M
*
K
Hi
S
*
*
Mi
W
Sfi
Sfi
w
s
if.
Sfi
Sfi
Sfi
SIS
Sfi
Sfi
SIS
w
Sfi
X
«
Sfi
Sli
Sfi
Sli
if
US
«
Sfi
Sfi
Sli
Sli
Sfi
Sfi
Sfi
Sfi
IS
Sfi
Sfi
Sfi
Sfi
I
>' 4
SfiSfi!fi!fi!IS!li«!fi!liSfi!li!fi!li!fi!fi!fi«fi!fi!fi!fi!fi!li!fi!fi!fi!fi!fi!li!fi!fi
employers and|efwi8e-.of the ® and exact facts
'The ordinary stockholder in a conditions whieh might give theiojj
corporation actually occupies next year, but this very month. Iaj
« direct relationship to the the high pressure of business, avj
oration in which he ia^ter- ery superintendent knows that if
has less knowledge of its his plant is at the bottom of the
lwl operations, and lea con- comparative scale for two month?
over its management than the his position topples, and, if for
^Jnary citizen has over local, three months, it is virtually gone
ate and national governments. He cannot afford to experiment
"Boards of Directors in theory with changes that will-not give im-
for and would na- mediate. ,results. If he were his
expected to maintain su- own master he might take
over every phase of the chance, knowing that the loss of
ition's management, but. as thip year.would be compctwated
matter of v fact, we know that hy gdas under better conditions
supervision is maintained oh- next year, but the monthly scat-
ter the financial phase of the sheet does not wait for next, year;
' controlling the acquiai- it demands result^ now.
toney to operate the bus- "But it'may be
regarding wages, hours of labor,
ing voluntary joint agreements. J and extent of unemployment for]
The success or justice of «uch I every industrv. Every employer
joint agreements ia, however, de- Leonid be required by law to file
pendent upon with the proper authority a sworn
lty of the two pa ^ * statement of these facts according
be attained unless/ effective organ. L a prescribed form. These sta-
ization exists. .. :|tistics should he published annual-
"It m^ted ft t«h Com- ,T ^ ^ fnU ^ 1Dy
mission ihake the following industry or plant should be acces-
cor^endatWM : J to any mediator or any other
to labor conditions, and that a pro-]; 2. Uniform statutes should be
per basis of facts shotiM exist for [passed by the "
negotiation and , aAitration, States rcqqiru^g
naid#^Mi|fe
Ho^rs of Labor.
"As a result of investigation the
following conclusions are justi-
fied.
g V ' """ 1
1. The physical well-being, men-
tal development and recreational
needs of every class of population
.demand that under normal circum-
stances the working day should not
exceed eight hours. '
2. A very large percentage of
th? workmen ijp manufactures,
transportation and mining work
more than eight hour* per day.
3. This iatin merited contrast to
the condition of those whose eco
nomie position enables <them to de-
fine the length of their own work-
ng day*.
4. Practical experience has
reaction of work
m
■ TieX va
9
ing hours is in the interest not on-
ly of the worker and the communi-
ty generally, but of the employer.
5. The regulation by legal enact-
ment of working hours of adult
workmen is not generally practi-
cable nor desirable except for pub-
lie employees.
It is suggested that the Commis-
sion recommend:
1. That in the so-called continu-
ous occupations, other than the
movement of trains, requiring
work during both the day and the
night for six 01 seven days per
week, the State and Federal Gov-
ernments should directly inter-
vene, so that the working hours
should not exceed eight per day
nor extend to more than six days
per week."
•1 «SI
j .
:
m-r'M
I J
iiBH
sH
Upcoming Pages
Here’s what’s next.
Search Inside
This issue can be searched. Note: Results may vary based on the legibility of text within the document.
Tools / Downloads
Get a copy of this page or view the extracted text.
Citing and Sharing
Basic information for referencing this web page. We also provide extended guidance on usage rights, references, copying or embedding.
Reference the current page of this Newspaper.
Hickey, T. A. The Rebel (Hallettsville, Tex.), Vol. [5], No. 223, Ed. 1 Saturday, October 30, 1915, newspaper, October 30, 1915; (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth394729/m1/3/: accessed July 10, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu.; crediting UT San Antonio Libraries Special Collections.