San Antonio Register (San Antonio, Tex.), Vol. 12, No. 48, Ed. 1 Friday, January 1, 1943 Page: 4 of 8
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3AN AOT0NI0 RK0I8TEK
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T
HAN ANTONIO REOINTKR
A Publication Dedicated to Eight, Justice, and Progress
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THE REGISTER PUBLISHING COMPANY
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VALMO a BELLINGER
JOSEPHINE 0. BELLINGER—
U. J. ANDREWS
E CELESTE ALLEN
President
g«n r tarT
_EdItar*Mnnaglnf Eilltor
AdrertMng Manager
HAPPY NEW YEAH!
W/ITH THIS, the first issue, on the first day, of the year
" 1943, Register brings to its friends and readers, to those
persons not so friendly, and those who don't read, a simple,
sincere message of hope of a year that will bring the begin-
ning of the end of war, a year that will bring hope, and the
promise of peaee and victory, and the resurrection of a world
bo terribly mired in blood and tears and hate.
Our message is simply a praver for a truly HAPP\ NEAV
YEAR!
Ct itributions
Editorials
FEATURES
Science, Arts
Opinions
Commentary—
By Sut'n Taylor
THE REAL GLORY OF WAR
*PHE GLORY of war lies not in the lines of marching men,
in the stirring music that sets our pulses beating and
straightens our shoulders in pride at the sight of our best
and finest.
The glory of war lies not in the clash of arms, in the
s< reaming rush downward of the; U essential to u and what li Just
bombing plane, or In the silvery
streak of the torpedo darting
straight to its goal.
The glory of war lies not In
a fluttering up.
The real glory of war lies In
its power to raise the focus of
attention from our narrow lives to
those of our brothers. What we
battles won over the enemy, in learn now in keeping our fighting
victory attained at great cost in men fit will always be a barrier to
lives, heartbreak and tears.
careless indifference as to our
The glory of war lies not in the brothers' needs.
subjugation of the conquered, in
the final conquest of the agress-
The real glory of war lies in Its
cohesion. Its ability to make men
or. It lies not in the death sen-; live together—to forget for the
tence of the tyrant. | moment prejudice, hatred, suspl-
The glory of war lies not in its don and misunderstanding—to
destruction but in its construction, j fight for a common cause. It teach-
Sucb glory as war may have, es men of different faiths and
lies in the lessons of war—In the, backgrounds to know one another
driving home of the copy book —and where there is understand-
muxims that "for what we take ing there Is no bate.
we must pay." That "If we don't The only glory of war lies In the
work, we die." That "a stitch In lessons that we learn. War shows
time aaves nine." | men what they really can do. It
Tbe real glory of war lies in spurs them on as personal arnbl-
Jts ability to separate tbe chaff1 tion never could. They acquire new
from the wheat The sacrifice It
entails la ilk* a dear white light
upon our Uvea, pointing oat what
skills, new talents, new resources
la themselves—which they will sot
forget In time of peace.
M'—
ItTIMSIcT WlIlS
First Round in
Jim Crow Case
§T Tbs Associate* TTefro Prsss
LOUISVILLE, Kj.-JIra Crow
ji commodations for Negro railroad
pnsaengers were aet for a thor-
ough airing later this week when
denied the petition of the L and N
rnilrotd for dismissal of a $20,000
fhunuge suit.
The suit was brought by the
■Rer. J. C. Clark, prominent min-
ister of Jeffersonville, who com-
pla ins of discrimination on the
road because of his color while
an interstate passenger. Rev. Clark
charged that he was denied meals
on the diner while en route to
Louisville from Oklahoma City,'
and that, on the return trip, be
w«h forced into a Jim Crow coach,
with inferior accommodations.
Judge .Miiier, in refusing to dis-:
mi.vs the suit, said the minister,
was relying on a recent ruling
of tbe I'nited States supreme
court which held that discrimina-
tion in carrier accommodations,
based solely on the color of a pas-
senger's hkin, violated the Inter-
state Commerce art
Tfc> railroad's plea that It was
not responsible for tbe sets of at-
tendants on the coaches because it
was simply acting as an agent for
tbe Frisco line, was dismissed by!
the jurist. He held that ths con-1
tention was no answer to the peti-
tion, because the high court's deei-|
•ion specifically stated that the
carrier must, comply with Its rul-
ing and furnish equal accommoda-
tion*.
Hearing on the suit wss set for j
a date late this week.
t ♦
Corpus Negro
Officers Attend
X m a s Dinner
were mhowm mm* caaruar l
tended other members of the po-
lice forces with no type of dis-
crimination being evidenced. Sher-
iff John Harney, in introducing
the Ramirez street patrolmen to
his family, exclaimed "These Ne-
gro policemen are due respect by
all respected citizens of the city."
Police Chief Boy Klett spent
the evening at the side of tbe
Negro officers for whom he bad
but the wannest of praise. Chief
fnrraor's t.l:e S^lc
Highwny petrol, said of them,
"By comparison, these colored of-
ficers are the most efficient of
any I have seen in my long career
as a law enforcement officer."
Mrs. Edlena Jones
Named Holy Cross
Hall Director
Tuskegee Reports
Five Lyncliings
During Year 1942
AH Mob Victims Negroes;
Mississippi "Leads" the
Nation with Three I
TISKEGEE INSTITUTE. Ala —
According to Information released,
last week, by the department of
records and research of Tuskegee
institute, five persons—all Negroes j
—were lynched in the United
States In 1042.
Mississippi led the lynch parade
with three; Missouri and Texas
each had one, according to the
Tuskegee records.
The offenses charged were one
case of attempted criminal assault,
three mob victims were suspected >
of attempted rape, and one was
lynched because a life sentence -
wa.. assessed In a murder case,!
when the Jury failed to agree up-
on the punishment.
The year's total of five lynch-
ing* was one more than the num-
ber four for 1941; the same as
the numl>er five lu 1I>40, two*
more than the number three for
I the year 1939, and one lesa than|
j *ix lynched ki 1908.
I <>ne of liMJ's victims (in Sikes-
j ton, Missouri) was dragged
through the streets, chained to an
lutomobile, and burned. Another
(at Teiarkana, Texas> was drag-
ged through the streets behind a
[ speeding automobile, to the edge
j of town, and hanged from a cotton
| winch. In one case, the victim
was taken from Jail and hanged
The Tuskegee report revealed
1 if teen instances in which officers
of the law prevented lfnchings.
One of the reported instances was
in a western state, aud the other
fourteen were in southern states.
In thirteen of these instances,
persons were removed, guards aug-
mented or other precautions taken.
In one case, a lynching was pre-
vented by wives of the would-be
lynchers. In another case, the
sheriff dissuaded the mob.
A total number of seventeen
persona—(our white men, and thir-
teen Negro men—were thus saved
from the hands of mobs.
"Native
>9
Son
OUGH JOB, IAD.- BUT YOU CAN DO IT!'
Marian Anderson
To Sing at Mural*
Unveiling, Wed.
WAAC's Arrive in Fort Huachuca
~V*« «N , ; y . .
- t H
The appointment of Mrs. Edlena
Tarrish Jones, as official hostess
at the Holy Cross Recreation hall,
1109 North Staples street, was an-
nounced by the Rer. Father John
F. Basso, director of recreation
for men in service, Sunday even-
ing, December 27.
Mrs. Jones, a native of Corpus
' hriati. the daughter of Mr. and
Mrs. Eddie Farrish, is a product
of the local parish school and a
member of Holy Cross Catholic
church. An efficient worker and
organizer, and possessing a pleas-
ing personality. Mrs. Jones U well
<iuallfied for the position.
Holy Cross ball will be opened
to the service men every night,
with the new hostess in charge.
White Movie Stars .
Join Protest Against
"Tennessee Johnson"
CORPI'S CHRI8TI, Texas—A
new precedent was net In Corpus
Chrlstl, this yuletide, when the
Rameria street patrolmen, Officers
W. K. Brown. Forrest Alexander
and Owen fJIp*on, participated la
the Christmas dinner for city
and county potice, an annual
rbrlstma* event. The seen* of this
y ir's nffafr was the Dragon grill,
c pus ci'rlstl'a most eTdnaive
I i"i r *nr.t.
- iii • ? wet 9 hri'H.mt nf-
f p — r - • 1-
j i ^ .U, -sea iu.rjkaeu
By Associated Ntgro Press
HOLLYWOOD, fal.—A large
number ef white movie stars
and film celebrities have join-
ed Negroes urging that "Ten-
nessee Johwtan," new film, not
to be given further release.
One of the moti determined
•' these Is Dorothy Gish who
with her sister, Lillian, wm a
star in "Birth of a Nation,"
the hateful predecessor of
"Tennessee Johnson," which
had tile production title of
"The Man on America's Con-
science."
Geo. Keys Says
Leadership of RR
Workers Faulty
George Keys, grand organizer
of the Colored Trainmen of Anier-
! a, nT' iieS what tw fie crlbefr
as t very alarming situation, fol-
lowing his recent return from
DeQulnoy, Louisiana, where he
visited Race firemen, hralcemen,
and switchmen, In an attempt to
ascertain whether they were work-
ing under the principles of col-
lective bargaining, as provided for
as of June 21, 1934, under the
laws of the Railway Labor act.
Keys decinred that he found on
this trip, as he has In other in-
vestigations, that most of the
workers do not know anything a
bout hargaining agents, and he
accused "high powered labor rep-
resentatives" of failing to give
the facts to the people relative
to railway labor. Keys declared
that he found that most of the
major agreements and contracts
had lieen taken over by powerful
whit* organizations, and that
IWoe workers "were left holding
the sack."
"I found an organization known
as the International Railway Col-
ored organization, headquarters at
Memphis, Tennessee, which in-
cludes the major railroads through-
out the east and south, but I
found but one group that had a
contract; the rest are controlled'
by whites. They have an organiza-
tion, but no bargaining rights.
This deplorable situation has been
caused by bad leaderahlp. All lead-
ers should tell the facts, and
stop misleading the public."
Keys said that there are Twenty-
one standard railroad organiza-
tions, and that air of these twenty-
one are independent organizations,
not affiliated with either the AFL
or the CIO, but colored workers
are not In control of any of them.
Keys advises the Race workers
to stay in their small, Indepen-
dent unions, and to give the "big
high powered unions" a wide berth,
or else tbe Race workers will be
"sold down the river."
HURT IN CRASH
In ft collision, Monday, Decern*
'•er 2*. at Hacklierry and Velsn
-tr-ets, between ears drives by I
I'vL Curl Uobson, Kelly field, and]
Miss Celestina Richardson, Miss
Richardson suffered a sprained
right shoulder, and Mis* Charles-
line Richardson, a passenger re-
ceived a bruised right eye.
The two cars involved In the
collision also crashed into the
fence of Paul Stuta, «2# Nolan,
damaging it. Tbe Injured womea
were taken to the Robert B. Green
hospital ia Ala me amhnlantx.
WASHINGTON, D. C.—Marfan
Anderson, noted contralto, will
sing at a special ceremony at
the department of the.Interior on
January ft. It was annonnced to-
day by Secretary of the Interior
Harold.L. Ickes.
MUs Anderson will appear In
the auditorium of the department
of the interior building for a
ceremony to tie attended by j s j
group of prominent federal offH11
lata—numbers of the diplomatic
corp*, civic" leaders, outstSiidwP
Negro representatives, and other
prominent persons.
The occasion will be the formal i
presentation to the federal govern-
ment of a mural painting repre-1
senting Miss Anderson's first con-'j
cert in Washington when she aang'
on the steps of the Lincoln Mem-
orial on" Kaster Sunday, 1039.
While nil details of the program
for Jafntnry ti have not been com*
pWrff tn-refary ss«e"•*«;*«
Miss Anderson would sing several
selections. The program will be
conducted In recognition of th«
great cultural contributions mad)
by Miss Anderson, Secretary Idtps
said.
The mural to be presented was
iiranged for by the Marian Ander-
.-on Mural committee, under the
chairmanship of Edward Bruce.
It depicts the scene at the Lincoln
memorial at Easter, 1939, when
Miss Anderson sang an outdoor
concert to a crowd of 73,000 per-
sons gathered before the Linoolfi"
memorial.
I'se of the memorial was grant-
ed by Secretary Ickes at that
time following refusal of the use
of Constitution hall for a concert
by the Negro singer.
To memorialize that event, the
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¥ > f''T'iFrvJk • •k'&
v Ai * t ■ *< >.' i'f ■ - f • •. ' T'
dL Li l
By RICHAim WRIGHT
(Contlnuad from last week.)
"Ton bear no III will toward the
Negri* peopleT"
"No; none w'mtever."
"Mrs. Dalton, please, tell us what
was the last thing you did when
you stood above your daughter'i
bed that Sunday morning?"
"I-I . . ." 8be paused, lowered
her head and dabbed at her eyes.
"I knelt at the bedside and prayed
. . ." she said, her words coming
In a sharp breath of despair.
"That is all. Thank you, Mrs
Dalton."
The room heaved a sigh. Bigger
saw the woman lead Mrs. Dalton
back to her seat. Many eyes In tbe
room were fastened upon Bigger
now, cold grey and blue eyea, eyes
whose tense hate was worse than
a shout or a curse. To get rid of
that concentrated gaze, he stopped
looking, even though hta eyes re-
mained open.
The coroner turned to the men
sitting in rows to his right and
said,
"You gentlemen, the jurors, are
any of you acquainted with the de-
ceased or any of you members of
the family.
"No, sir."
"Would there be any reason why
you could not render a fair and
Impartial verdict in this."
"No, sir."
"Is there any objection to these
men serving as jurors In this
case?" the coroner asked of the
entire room.
There was no answer.
'In the name of the coroner, I
wilt ask th* jurors to rise, pan by
this table, and view th* remains of
the deceased, one Mary Dalton."
In silence the six men rose and
j filed past the table, each looking
! at the pile of white bones. When
they were seated again, the coro-
ner called,
"We will now hear Mr. Jan Er-
lone!"
Jan rose, came forward briskly,
and was asked to swear to tell the
truth, the whole troth, and noth-
ing but the truth, so help him Ood.
Bigger wondered if Jan would turn
oc him now. He wondered If he
could reaWy trust any white man,
even this white man who had come
and offered him his friendship. He
leaned forward to hear. Jan was
is not a trial. But the questions
being asked now have no earthly
relation to the cause and Manner
of the death of the deceased."
"Mr. Max, we are allowing n*nt/
of latitude here. Tbe grand fx,rr
will determine whether the testi-
mony offered here has any relation
or not"
"But questions of this sort l0.
flame the publ'- mind *>
"Now, listen, Mr. Max. No ques.
tlon asked In this room will in-
flame the public mind any more
Ibsn has the denrh of Mary Dal-
ton, and you know It. ton here
tbe right to question any of these
witnesses, but I will not tolerate
any publicity-seeking by your kind
here!"
"But Mr. r.rlone Is not on trial
here. Mr. Coroner!"
"He Is suspected of being |mp||.
cated In this murder! And we're
after the one who killed this girl
and the reasons for It! If you
think these questions hare the
wrong construction, yon may ques.
tlon the witness when we're
through. But you cannot reguiats
the quentlons asked here!"
Max sat down. The room was
quiet The coroner paced to and
fro a few seconds before he spoke
again; his face was red and his
lips were pressed tight
"Mr. Erione, didn't you give that
Negro material relating te the
Commnnlst party?" •
"Yes."
"What was the nature of that
material?"
'I gave him some pamphlets on
the NegTO question."
"Material advocating the equal-
ity of whites and blacks?"
"It was material which ex-
plained. . .
"Did that material contain t
plea of nnlty of whites and
blacks?"
"Why, yes."
"Did you. In your agitation of
that drunken Negro, tell him that
It was all right for him to hare
sexual relations with white wo-
men?"
"No!"
"Did yon advise Miss Dalton to
have sexual relations with him?"
"No!"
"Did you shake hands with that
Negro?"
"Yes."
"Did you offer to shake hand*
with him?"
"Yes. It Is whst any decent per-
son. . . ."
"Confine yourself to answering
tbe questions, please, Mr. Erione.
We want none of your Commnnlat
explanations here. Tell me, did you
eat with that Negrof
"Why, ye"."
"Yon Invited him to eat?"
"lei."
Dalton was at th* table
Part of the thousands who wel-i
"-.v.,■ 1 ^
Army Auxiliary corps to Fort!
Huachuca, Arizona.
The parade in honor of the'
Waac's was headed by the post's
Jfrftt-jMiy. ilK
WAAC's was a platoon of the serv-
ice command's military pollc* bat-
talion.
can improve themselves and serve
in these and similar , positions,"
Lt. Kelly explained.
"An invitation is addressed to
the eligible and qualified Negro
women of this district, who want
to find out more about the chances
to learn and serve, and to have
good pay, clothes, food, lodging,
medical and dental care, and all
kinds of interesting experiences as
members of the WAAC's, to write
or call at tbe WAAC recruiting
section of the army recruiting
headquarters In the Calcasieu
building, San Antonio," she added.
The pay of an "auxiliary,"
which Is the same rank as a
-Marian Anderson Mural committee!private 11,0 anll-T Proper, Is
was formed. Funds to finance a
painting were raised by thousand!
of contributions from school child
ren and others throughout the na
tlon interested In the strengthen-
ing of racial relations. Mitchell
Jamieson was chosen to paint tbe
mural after a national competition.
Ths mural has been Installed In
tbe department of the Interior
building, and will b* formally
presented to tbe government on
l.ehaIf of th* mural commlttee.-Jt
will he accepted for the gor
ment by Secretary Ickes.
Opportunities a
Many, Pressing
Need for WAAC's
"Ther* Is an urgent need, and
abundant opportunities, for Negro
womsn la tb* Women's Army
Auxiliary Corps," asserted 1A.
Charle* L. Kelly, WAAO offlc*r
of th* army racruitlng headquart-
ers In th* Calcasieu Bidg.
"Many Negro women, between Si
and 45, can flit Job* In the we-
men's oorp*. They will be sent te
training centers and taught how
te be better cooks, ohauffenn,
waitresses, hospital aides, while
others who hare already had
training and experience as clerks,
stenographers u|
$30 cash per month, in addition
clothes, room and board.
Provisions have been made fur
ifflcers In army rccrulttng stu-
ns In Austin, Temple, San Au-
do, Victoria, Corpua Chrlstl and
Irownsville to furuish those ten-
tlvely accepted with govern-
ment transportation to the San
Antonio headquarters.
Those who do not live In, or
near th* cities named, may write
tbe district army recruiting of-
Uce, Calcasieu building, San An-
tpr.to, and secure forms for filling
it and returning to the same of-
fice.
Fares will be forwarded for the
trip to San Antonio for those
ifeemed acceptable. While in San
Antonio, those awaiting completion
their enrollment, will be pro-
wlth meals and lodging.
White MP Gets
Ten Years for
Fort Dix Slaying
My Tke iiiowul Hegre rrsss
TRENTON, N. J.—Pvt. James
8regMs, southern white military
polioeman who, Iset Nor. 2T, shot
and fatally wounded Pvt David
Woods of Chicago la the foyer of
a Fort Dlz theatre, was convict-
ed of manslaughter ?nd sentenced
by a military sowt te M rears at
Of th«
|ded
hard labor, the Associated Negro
I'ress learned last week.
Pvt. Woods, a member of the
94th Engineer regiment, was shot
in the abdomen when be failed to
jump Into the line of ticket pur-
chasers when ordered to do so by
the white MP. Woods died at 3:13
the following ■ Monday morning.
The slaying of the colored soldier
came as a climax to a tense feel-
ing that had existed between the
white and colored soldiers at the
large army camp.
Tbe convicted killer was form-
erly a member of a task force
outfit Pvt. Woods, before he en-
tered the service in 19*1, was a
student of DuSable high school In
Chicago; he Is survived by his
father, Robert Woods, aqd sister,
Mrs. Helen Hull, both of Chicago.
Gas Fumes Kill
Youth,Fiancee on
Eve of Marriage
■r Th. Aiioelato* !f ro Pr.is
MADISON, WIS.—As they ap-
parently sat talking over plans for
their marriage during the bulid*<s,
Charles Page Qlvens, 22, and his
fiance. Miss Katherine Alexander,
19, were killed by carbon monoxide
gas earl* Monday morning.
A week before, when Given.'
sister was married, he and Miss
Alexander accompanied the lmney-
mooners to Chicago. F r le u d s
thought they would lie married i
then, hut they decided to wait
until later. Glvens had already
bought the wedding ring.
The two attended a bridge party
Sunday evening, then, about 10
o'clock drore to the garage. Glvens
rented for parking his car. Next I
morning bis body was outside tbe
car slumped near the exhaust pipe,
showing that he had evidently
tried to reach the garage doors,
while Miss Alexander was still In
tbe csr. The motor was still run-
ning to operats the heater, and,
the gasoline tank was virtually]
empty.
coroner walked doee to Jan's ohalr
and leaned the npper part of his
body forward and asked In a loud
voice,
"Do you believe la social equal-
ity for Negroes?"
The room stirred.
"I believe all races are equal.
. . ." Jan began.
"Answer yes or no, Mr. Erione!
You're not on s soap box. Do you
believe In social equality for Ne-
•roes?"
"Yea."
"Are you a member of the Com-
mnnlst party?"
"Yes."
"In what condition was Miss
Dalton when you left her last
Sunday morning?"
"What do you mean?"
"Was she drunk?"
"I would not say she was drunk
She had had a few drinks."
"What time did yo* leave her?">
"It was about one-tblrty, I
think."
"Was she in the front seat of the
car?"
"Yes; she was In the front
seat."
"Had she been in the front seat
all along?"
"No."
"Was she in the front seat when
you left the cafe?"
"No."
"Did you put her in the front
seat when you left the car?"
"No; she said she wanted to sit
up front."
"You didn't ask her to?"
"No."
' When you left her, was sho
able to get out of the car alone?"
"I think so."
"Had you had any relations with
her while lu the back seat that
would have tended to make her,
let us say, stunned, too weak to
have gotten out alone?"
"No!"
"Is lt not true, Mr. Erione, that
Miss Dalton was In no condition
to protect herself, and you lifted
her into that front seat?"
"No! I didn't lift her Into the
front seat!"
Jan's voice sounded throughout
the room. There was a quick buzz-
ing of conversation.
"Why did you leave an unpro-
tected white girl alone In a car
with a drunken Negro?"
"I was not aware that Bigger
was drunk and I did not consider
Mary na be.ng unprotected."
"Had you at any time In the
past left Miss Dalton alone In tbe
company of Negroes ?"
"No."
"You had never used MUs Dal
ton as bait before, had you?"
Rigger was startled by a noise
behind him. He turned his bead;
Max was on his feet.
"ltr. Coroner, I realise that Ibis
down?"
"Y**."
"How many time* hare yon sat-
en with Negroes before?"
"I don't know. Many times."
"Yon like Negroes?"
"I make no distinctions. . . "
"Do you like Negroes, Mr. Un-
ions?"
"I object!" Max shouted. "How
on earth Is that related to this
case!"
"Yon cannot regulate these qnes-
t!c**:" (be coroner abonted. "I've
told you that before! A woman
has been foully murdered. Thti
witness brought tbe deceased into
contact with tbe last person who
saw her alive. We have, tbe right
to determine what this witness'
attitude was toward that girl and
that Negro I" The coroner turned
back to Jan. "Now, Mr. Erione,
dldu't you ask that Negro to sit
in the front seat of the car. be-
tween you and Miss Dalton?"
"No; he was already In the frout
seat."
"Bht yon didn't ask him to get
into tbe bark seat, did yon?" . . .
"No."
"Why didn't you?"
"My Ood! Tbe man Is human!
Why don't yon ask me . . .*"
"I'm asking these questions and
you're answering them. Now, tell
me, Mr. Erione, would you have In-
vited that Negro to sleep with
yon?"
"I refuse to answer that ques-
tloi!"
'But you didn't refuse that
drunken Negro the right to sleep
with thnt girl, did you?"
"His right to associate with her
or anybody else was not in ques-
tion. .
"Did yoa try to keep that Ne-
gro from Miss Dalton?"
"I didn't. . . ."
"Answer yes or no!"
"No!"
Have you a sister?"
"Why, yes."
"Where is she?"
"In New York."
"Is she married?"
"No."
"Would you consent for her to
marry a Negro?'
"I have nothing to do with
whom she marries."
"Dldu't you tell lh:it orunken
.Negro to call you Jau instead of
Mr. Erione?"
"Yes; but, . .
"Confine yourself te answering
the questioni!"
"But. Mr. Coroner, you imply
H
"I'm trying to establish a mo-
tive for the murder of thnt lu:i>
cent gill!' _$(•'
"No; you're not! You're tr;'n|
to f.ndlrt a race oI pr-jple and a
political party 1"
1l .i tM* <
uouuus yw)kr**
'
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Andrews, U. J. San Antonio Register (San Antonio, Tex.), Vol. 12, No. 48, Ed. 1 Friday, January 1, 1943, newspaper, January 1, 1943; San Antonio, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth399547/m1/4/: accessed June 29, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu.; crediting UT San Antonio Libraries Special Collections.