San Antonio Express. (San Antonio, Tex.), Vol. 46, No. 209, Ed. 1 Friday, July 28, 1911 Page: 6 of 18
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SAN ANTONIO BXPRESS: FRIDAY MORNING, JULY 28, 1911.
Antonio €xprcs
By The Express Publishing Con
5.
KIM i IA \ . .11 IA
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ns Second-class Mutter.
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BIG CITIES OF TEXAS.
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OPEN TO ADVERTISERS
Considering North Texas' vote on the
amendment, we're glad the gulf breeze blows
out before it reaches Waco.
for himself in reading this editorial, wc'iv
going to risk everything and draw a conclu-
sion from the facts of secession before the
Civil War.
North Texas isn't goins to dominate :>outb
Texas without some sort of a scrap, i
was the position of tin South end of things
in tfcfUO. Then, how far is North Texas pur-
posing to go? In largest measure the State's
lights man of the Civil War nurses the same
opinion still. Texas is a tremendously b.tgc
State. It is not in violation of any known
section of the United States Constitution that
a part of a State can't secede from ano11>ci
portion of the same State.
Is North Texas sentiment going so far as
have us tlidik that the Lone Star State is
quite big enough for two or three States?
l or if the question comes up of three Gov-
erns j and three administrations, with their
political followings, existing where only 01
such Stave administration had existed before,
how in the most miraculous intervention of
Providence ever chronicled, can we keep the
professional politician out of the ring?
this, at least. Then, had Secretary Wilson of
the department denied Wiley this power,
\ Wiley had opportunity to show himself a man
and resign, giving his reasons in an open
| letter to the public.
for some reason, however, Wiley refrained
TEXAS NEWSPAPER TOPICS
JLETTEttS TO THE EDITOR
The Corpus Chrisli Caller thinks "Chairman j
Ball is a hard loser."
, 1 he Galveston carnival, which will have Us be.
i from taking this manly action and remained -inning .hit, «iii cuntiuue iiu-uunb
seated in his officially broken chair until j
| Wickcrsham made his charges—which we j Thin is iito thought that rnum i« the editor «f
1 have conceded did not interest us bccausc of the cuero tie.-oni when he leurueii Unit
... , . |,:i.| mine <lrv ' "Wender how mini} ul u» nan
the broader criticisms in which we felt justi- j uiniireihisV"
| ficd. From this manly point of view, Dr. I
Wiley, as head of a subordinate branch of
the Department of Agriculture can find Ut-
ile sympathy from a manly public, by cast-
ing reflections personally and through his
friends upon a department under which he
has held office—until this time—without a
single public protest.
(IT DOWN ALIENATION1 CLAIMS.
I'KAKSONS' "Sl'tiAR TRl'ST" TALK.
Again the Venezuelan Cabinet has re-
signed. When Venezuela can't put over j
something for the cables, cable stocks will j
drop 40 points at least.
At least we are pleased to have Pinchot
with us in saying that the Taft explanation
didn't explain. Pinchot may be sore, but we
believe he is the square deal, regardless.
"Dixie" has stirred the veterans at Camp
Ben McCulloch. Will someone North or
East tell us of any kind of gathering which
"Dixie" didn't stir provided the famous air
was rendered?
In the last few months a good many bank
safes have been blown, but now that a
prospective banking trust is to be investi-
gated by the United States under the Sher-
man law, nobody knows what kind of ex-
plosion to wait for.
We are coming to the conclusion, slowly,
that President Taft's long position on the
bcnch, imposing the silencc of the judiciary,
is a hangover of silence that will be badly
misunderstood if he doesn't wake up and
talk some. •
According to the best medical authority
Rt »e have, a mosquito stegomyia bit Congress-
man Burleson on his Panama trip, giving
him a ci%e of malaria. Aside from its being
a funny place on which to bite even a Texas
Congressman, we are interested to know jf
'he Congressman swatted hitn.
A church of the Disciples of Christ has
absorbed a headless Presbyterian congrega-
tion in Brooklyn. We've often thought a
vast church merger would be in no way in
conflict with the Sherman law, while it
probably would make largely for a wider
Christ's work in a sinful world.
A Connecticut tramp, arrested and fined,
pleaded poverty, and when sent to jail and
ordered to take a bath, balked, ripped open
his coat and settled a $17.50 fine. We have
heard of portions of Arizona where a pris-
oner would be let go on as small a fine
merely if he had insisted on having a bath.
Jackson, Miss., following the general
precedent set by The Express for buying !
flies is offering a fixed price a gallon for !
boll weevils. As this offer may affect inter- ;
state traffic on the sly, we shall expect '
Jackson to ask the strict attendance of the
Interstate Commerce Commission for a few i
weeks. ;
Former Counsel John E. Pearsons of the
old sugar trust under Havemeyer declared
with oride he could point the fact that he,
himself, had been the pioneer in the found-
ing of the American Sugar Company and
at least by strong inference declared that
the best way to handle the trusts is to leave
the trusts alone.
This piece of insolence from Pearsons
should be set down against him for further
official reference. It is insolence—grossly
and sneeringly so! No corporation can exist
without consent of the State—ordinarily the
State of New Jersey. No group of men
safely can get together in partnership with-
out the protection which a State charter gives
them. Under the common law any one of
six or of sixty partners in business legally
may sell out a whole institution, pocket the
proceeds of the sale and not another partner
in protest has a standing in court to prose-
cute him.
Thus the incorporation principle was
adopted by the State—of New Jersey espe-
cially—and when so many corporations be-
came legal competitors by suffcrance of the
State, then came the illegal and criminal
mergers into trust. Yet Pearsons suggests
that even the National Government must
keep its hands off and the trusts will regu-
late themselves.
Incidentally, one of this insolent witness'
assertions on self-regulating trusts was:
"All such wrongs right themselves. If
there is too much water in stock that will
take care of itself. The Government cannot
in equity interfere in private affairs."
Pearsons is either knave or fool in as-
serting that the business of any corporation
ever conceded by any State in the Union can
be a "private business." It bccamt a public
business the moment its organ.zers received
a charter concession allowing it the rights
and privileges of a corporation. When,
after chartering, a dozen or more corpora-
tions that presumably were to do business in
decent competition, the State suddenly dis-
covered they were leagued in restraint of
trade under the Sherman act, why—if Pear-
sons was not bluffing—did lie have the ef-
frontery to say that which he did in the New
York inquiry?
As to Pearsons' statements that too much
water in stock would regulate itself, he had
ihe Wall Street Journal's editorial words to
the same effect more than a year ago. But
both the Journal and Pearsons have not en-
tered into the vi»als of the statement. When
watered stock finally has regulated itself
within the corporation, it means that thou-
sands of outside people may have been
soaked tens of thousands of dollars in pur-
chasing a prettily engraved and imposing bit
of paper which may not be worth the ma-
terial upon which it has been imprinted into
a block of stock or a sheet of coupon bonds
representing interest upon even preferred
slock in the corporation.
When the water finally is squeezed out 01
the stock Wall Street will determine, with-
out loss to itself, just what these corpora-
tion stocks and bonds have of material worth
to Wall Street. For Wall Street has no use
for water except as a-vendor of the liquid.
Will someone not an old maid suffragist
explain to us why it is that so many wives
all over the country, ready to depose in court
that they are married to an absolutely worth-
less, no-account loafer of a husband and
anxious for divorce and alimony, brazenly
step into court and bring suit for $25,000
to $500,000 against some other woman who
has "alienated her husband's affections"?
Wearing trousers ourselves, we confess
that we can't see anything in it.
If our wife felt that way toward us, with
or without just cause, we'd want her to sue
for at least $25,000,000 for this alienation.
We could poitter-p:geon some on that. "Look
at us," we could say, "that's our wife's idea
of the kind of man we are, after years of
married life." We'd be tickled half to death
over the figure.
This—at th*. other extreme point of view—
suggests to us that if instead of being our
wife's husband we were the injured wife, we
would bring suit for alienation of a hus-
band's affections in a sum not to exceed 30
cents. We'd take an appeal front any judg-
ment that awarded us a whole dollar, just as
we would appeal from any judgment that
gave us only 25 cents. We would sue for 3U
cents and would accept no more or no less
from anything short of the United States
Supreme Court at Washington. Then we'd
throw the 30 cents into the Potomac.
Fact is, we can't believe mat the aliena-
tion of the affections of a husband or a
wife who has affections on the alienation
market, damages either injured person in
the marriage contract. Having written this
far, we feel that a suit for 1 cent would be
too much, but as we understand it, one can':
bring a civil suit for damages without nam-
ing some kind of coin. But whether the dam-
age suit be for 1 cent or for 30 cents, it cer-
tainly will put the offending life partner on
the blink to see how lightly he or she has
been regarded.
in view or the closeness of the vote on the con-
stitutional amendment, amounting \ery nearly to
a ilraw. the tialvcston Tribune wonders if 1,10
pros and anils would submit to urbltrat|ou.
I he Foil Worth Iteeord ts a little premature In
iid\lsini{ its readers to do tbelr Christinas shop-
ping early. It Is not loo early, though. lo lirglo
saving up something with whleh to do Christmas
shopping.
Speaking for I he pros, perhaps, the Dallas News
paraphrases a well known line: "it is better to
have voted and lost than never to have voted at
all." Still it would he better not to vote at all
than not to vote right.
The Fort Worth city commission has adopted
an ordinance providing a board of censors for
moving picture shows and it is given power to
condemn any pictures considered detrimental to
good morals or unfit to be exhibited where
women and children assemble. The board, how-
ever, Is required to furnish its reasons in writ-
ing for condemning any film.
WE ARE DISMISSING DR. WILEY.
NORTH TEXAS AND "SECESSION.
We are ntft even curious to know what
Tom Ball has up his prohibition sleeve in
the meeting of his executive committee at
Austin on Saturday. Talking is cheap and
rag-chewing most inexpensive. Probably
Ball's campaign workers will engage in both
Vines, alternately.
Whatever they do or don't do, however,
we have a subtle bit of comment to make
which ought to be construed in all good-
natured impossibility.
V e have brought it out plainly enoug
r ' is -ampatgn ...at Nortu lexas has been
d in a fight against South Texas.
There are some worldly jealousies inciting
North Texas against South Texas. There has
been a lot of political messing up of the
question that should not have been admitted
either to geographical jealousies or to im-
pertinent politics.
That the situation is clear and plain as
to North Texas' willingness to force South
Texas into a kindred position to that occupied
by the North against the South prior to 18til
can't be disputed.
Now! When a trouble-making North in
the '60s went too far with its jealousies to-
ward a prosperous, slave-holding South, the
Southern States promptly seceded—and one
of the bloodiest wars of histor> was on.
Freakishly—joshingly—or in dullard earn-
estness, as the reader may and utust Uccidc
Now the Journal of the American Medical
Association, printed in Chicago, comes again
to the defense of Wiley under the editorial
heading "'Sneering' at Dr. Wiley."
In a general way we are as much dis-
posed to put salt upon a medical associa-
tion's defense of Dr. Wiley, as we openly !
have been at the salting of those assaults
made by suspected manufacturers of food.
But especially we are not convinced by any-
thing the Journal of the American Medical
Association may say, for the reason that we
recall how hard a fight was made upon that
journal two years ago by factions among
its own constituent readers.
We have submitted legitimate editorial siz-
ing up of Wiley, based largely upon the
Wiley friends' statements and comments.
We have heard nothing from the manufac-
turers. Again, in looking over the Journal
of the American Medical Association's de-
fense of Dr. Wiley, we must say that in its
points of view, this friendly sheet defending
Wiley does no more than Wiley has been
doing—which is that Wiley has been plead-
ing the fall guy not only for the Department
of Agriculture, but for the Roosevelt admin-
istration's pernicious activity.
Wiley pleaded the other day that in his ab-
sence from Washington an acting substitute
did something w hich Wiley himself would not
have permitted had Wiley been in his chair.
\* hv. then, didn't Wilcv rescind the action
and discipline his subordinate? He could
have made a strenuous cflort to have done j
SOMETHING TEXAS ESCAPED
We had occasion the other dny to remark that
In the discharge of Thief of Police McKinlay of
Wichita his Presbyterian Church called him
brother, passed a set of resolutions reflecting
upon Mayor Oraham for his act and went upon
record as declaring the church's unshaken confi-
dence in Brother McKinlay. S. s. Meaner, the
mayor's new choice for chief of police, was not
mentioned in any way bv the church's resolu-
tions. indicating that Meaner if n Christian ,'°-
I lever at nil—belonged to some other denomina-
tion.
But in spite of this. Men nor has been doing
something as chronicled b> the Wichita Beacon.
He hns shocked his friends, even, in the extent
to whh'h illicit lienor dives and joints have been
«lo|ng lively business With this comment. Intro,
dueing the Wichita news reports for the sole
purpose «»f showing that which Texas missed by
its antiprobibition majority we append the Bea-
con's report *.
K S. Mennor. the new rhief of police, go( his
department fairly well organised yesterday and
proceeded at once to take n survey of the joint
situation. He found it worse than he had antici-
pated and fully as b/id as Hie complaints of the
past few months had pietwn l it. Even the friends
of the former chief. Lire rln McKinlay, were
astonished at the disclosure- that followed Chief
Meanor's look into tjie prohibitive propositions.
The places that had beeu a!: wed t<» run by the
former chief were more numerous and more open
than anyone had suspected.
Chief Meanor had been in charge <>f the police
department only five days when he tackled the
problem yesterday of putting the lid on the places
which have been unmolested in their defiance of
law. Yet in a few hours he had made arrests
in ten places and had as in:u»y persons at the
police station trying to get released on bond or
locked in the city jail awaiting trfcil.
The Hereford*. Stover, the Planners Hotel and
many others who have been t.ikiiig prominent
part in law violations in the p.ist find 4nriug Sh#
.McKinlay regime, were found last uight to have
ceased operations before arrest 'OUbl be made.
The big jointists had an inkling that ililcf
Meanor had sufficient government if his men to
force obedience to the prohibitory 1; w. In his
first talk to his men. Sunday, chief Ileanor told
them what be was going to expect from theui as
police officers. The officers saw the? were not
going to be able to fool the new . hhf and tbe.v
served notices on suspected places tiat the Jld
was to go on In earnest.
It is the belief of those who were made ac-
quainted with the situation for tin- fint time last
night that mauy of the places In operation had
not run with the knowledge .»f Mr McKinlay. but
that he lacked control of .his men sufficient to
prevent them from fooling him
Mayor Graham, discussing the situation today,
said:
"I am not surprised at the disclosuns. I have
been convinced for some time that Chef McKiu-
lay was not getting results and this tas one of
the reasons I made the change iu tb> head of
the police department."
Yesterday afternoon at Chief Meanor* request,
W. I». Jochems, assistant city attorney, prepared
warrants for a number of persons supposed to be
selling liquor and hist night officers I. Wager,
t;. r Hayes. C. A. Blsh. .1 T Young. M S. tJilti
land. Tom Voss. <5. F. Fitzgerald and .lef Thomp-
son were detailed to serve them and ariest every
person found iu charge lief ore midiight tcii
places h:id been raided ind ten persons arrested,
nf the ten three gave bund and the otter seven
spent the night iu jail.
The Galveston Tribune says: "Some of the
Texas newspapers, in commenting upon the re-
cent election, give the Impression that the edi-
torial writer is a very cross, crabbed and ugly
old cove." Most of them, however, evidence the
sweet, sunny disposition of tiie average* Texas
editor whose greatest concern Is the public weal
and the moral uplift.
In an editorial forecast of the recent election
the Sherman Democrat gave the pros a majority
of soo iu Denton County. The actual pro ma-
jority was N01 and the Denton Hecord-Chronlcle
says it surprised nine-tenths of the voters of
the county, though the Sherman editor sat in his
office fifty miles away and came within one vote
of an accurate guess. He must be a witch at
guessing, for, of course, it was only a guess.
The wonderful sea cow, or manatee, that was
caught in the bay off Point Isabel recently has*
been on exhibition in Brownsville, where the
Herald says it has attracted much attention. It
is admitted that the size of the captive was
somewhat exaggerated at first, but the Herald
says it is fully ten feet long and two and a half
feet wide and makes quite an Imposing display
for a Laguua Madre catch. The marine bovine
will be sent to Galveston for exhibition at the
Cotton Carnival, after which it will lie seut to
New York to be placed in the aquarium.
The Cuero Star gives expression to a complaint
that has been quite general in Texas concerning
the tardiness of election officers in making re-
turns after the election Is over. The Star sub-
mits that the officers are paid for this work and
should drop everything else until they have com-
pleted the count and placed the returns In the
hands of the bonded county officers whom the
law makes legally and financially responsible for
their proper custody and who have fireproof
vaults in which to lock them up. With only a
••for" and "against" vote to count the people of
Texas should have known before midnight of
Saturday just how the election on the proposed
amendment had gone, instead of being kept iu
suspense two or three days.
This from the Fort Worth Star-Telegram:
"What about a dirt tank or two for the pasture,
or a small dam across that ravine, for storing
flood waterV Farm work has slacked up n bit
and now is the accepted time to put iu a few-
good licks for a farm reservoir. Let Texas grow
along sensible lines of conservation that make
for comfort and peace." Enough rain water goes
to waste in Texas every year to irrigate all the
dry land in the State or to supply the needed
moisture iu time of drouth where the average
rainfall is presumed to be sufficient, in good sea-
sons. if proper efforts were made to conserve
this ra in lull. it would lie no trick at all to
build a tank on some of the waste land where
topographical conditions are favorable.
The Galveston News thinks the geueral stan-
dard of house construction in Texas is too low,
that buildings, as a rule, are more flimsily built
than the most generous-criticism could excuse.
Texas, says the News, is no longer a pioneer
State; few of its towns remain In the experi-
mental stage of evolution, and buildings, both
public and private, ought to give some testimony
of that fact. As It is. a stranger, judging only
from the character of the buildings generally
might infer that Texas is still in some doubt
whether the people are residents or only campers
on Texas soil. It is worth while fo consider the
saving in fire waste and in the coat of fire in-
surance. but there are other considerations which
should weigh in the construction of buildings,
especially of homes, such as the safety of life
and limb aud of treasures that money could not
replace.
From Files of The Express
Tliirty-flve Years Ago Today—IRTfl.
The coolest place in the city Is John Ferls'
saloon, just north of the postofflce.
♦ ♦ ♦
We are informed that a strong opposition to
tlie slicing of Bexar County to frame the new
county of Granbury will be presented to the State
Senate.
♦ ♦ ♦
.James It Mason departed the city this morn-
ing tjn a visit to Ids parents at Fdgehill, Ya.
He will remain probably no longer than u fbrt-
night.
♦ ♦ ♦
A race war on a small scale came off near
the Mill Bridge yesterday. An Irishman under-
took to carve $*'► from a Mexican, borrowed money,
it seems. After giving a severe cut in the wrist
and a painful dig in the .^ie a thought struck
Pat that he had done wrong, so he left the scene
in a hurry.
♦ ♦ ♦
11 may be of interest to the stockmen to stale
that the copartnership heretofore existing be-
tween W. II. Kingsbury. 1>. T. Alger and a. M.
Holmes ley. live stock commission merchants, do-
ing business at the Kansas City stock yards, and
the National Stock Yards as Kingsnury. Alger «.V
Co.. has been dissolved by mutual consent. The
business will be continued by Messrs. Kingsbury
and Holmesley.
Fifteen Year# Ago Today—I8JHJ.
.1 W. Kokernot. a ranchman from Alpine, was
among the Sunday visitors iu San Au4ouio.
♦ ♦ ♦
A quartet of young misses formed a pretty
bicycle party on Houston Street yesterday after-
noon.
♦
It is noticed that the water in the Shii Autonlo
River is from six to eight inches higher on Sun-
days than on week days. This is an indication
of the vast volume taken from the river by the
factories and other establishments upstream.
—
BRAD'S BIT O' VERSE
A l>ot of Time Wasted.
Reciprocity passed th Senate by precisely the
stme vote that w«oi!d Save carried it t month
ago Ail those hoi weather harangue* of the
fi««tir;»'C|it* fa Fed t.» • sage a single cm* iu the
»liate .-Hid if thet •ll^iicl any in 'hp i..m% \
• i large ic iproiit; uj the gainer, k utfas CiU
Juurnai
(Copyright, 1011, by W* I). Meng.)
I've nought but scorn for that old slouch who,
to relieve his pent-up grouch, sends out the state-
ment mean and cheap that babies do not earn
j their keep He surely is a crusty crank—tiie.v
ought to make him walk the plank or hook him
with a toasting fork- this rube who shoos nway
the stork. I'd like to grease some lightning skids
for everv man who knocks on kids. A little
babv iu the fobl is worth its weight in pre ious
gold. 'Tis true it rousts us out at Uiglit and
fi'ls the air with sounds that fright: It puts
us all «»ti wheels and racks and fills our drenins
with pins and tacks; It makes us hike f..r sundry
dopes, this haughty sclou of our hopes. Hut
when we see the dimpled form all "cuddled dcn-V
so sinand warm. w> never think of lomrd or
rent 'hat baby doesn't owe s «-ent It's «<»rtn
a million au> day to hear the neighbor w. nien
vMy "You litt'e ftopsey wopsey; I a* you're just
thp in»;ige «»f your pa." That man's Ideals are
w holly wrong who never loved th<- cradle song:
for esi h would he a bleak abvle. and every
joy wo ltd «ooi» corrode without th:«t squalling
••luirmitig elf. the s"eet epitome of self.
That ftarity of llunuin Charily.
Midlothian. Tex., July L'7. I Editor of The Ex-
press.)—During the campaign just closed I have
sought no work as a preacher. Whether right in
this or not. I think that now, at least, I should
do ho. I have not taken part in the campaign
for reasons which will appear herein
1 am opposed to prohibition, believing that its
principles are contrary to Bible doctrines and
against the best Interests of man.
instead of safeguards to keep temptation away
from man, or man away from temptation, wo
need men capable of withstanding temptation
and of leading others to God .yid the right. The
development of Christian character is of far
greater importance than the making of laws.
The Israelites lived under laws revealed by
(rod himself and therefore under the best code
that was ever written, but these laws did not
keep them from degradation. Time and again
because of disobedience they failed and went into
bondage. When they would be awakened to the
truth, even in heathen lands under the worst of
influences, they would become strong and by
their love of the right and their loyalty to God
would loose the bonds of the masters and return
to their home and to greatness.
True religion will build up this sort of char-
acter today It was for its promotion that the
church was established, not to direct temporal
government.
That tlie saloon Is « curse both to those who
run it and those who are under Its Influence is
evident to me. but the Lord has not sent his
people to chase evil-doers out of the land. He
has commanded that they fret not ^because of
them, but "overcome evil with good."
All will not be saved either In time or eternity,
but the most Important work of man is that of
reaching those who will hear an0 obey the truth.
With this end in view 1 desire work as a preacher
either as a pastor or in evangelistic work.
Through this letter I desire to hear from those
who believe that these are correct principles and
who are willing to help me find work.
My membership is with the Baptist Church of
this place and while, on account of the views
above stated. 1 am not recognized as a preacher
either by church or pastor, except by entries on
the church book. 1 would lie glad to have Inter-
ested parties correspond with the pastor, Sunday
school superintendent or board of deacons con-
cerning me. I was formerly pastor at this place
and later at Memphis. Tex., where I was asked
to resign after two and a half years' service
because of a published reply written by me to
an article by Dr. J. B. Cranflll. In which he
criticised those who opposed prohibition. I also
refer to that church or the town as to what sort
of a pastor I made while there, and to the Bap-
tist Church and the First N'gtioual Bank of
Meridian. Tex., where I practiced law for ten
years and was ordained to the ministry.
S. It. CAR KITH.
As to Treatment of Mexicans.
Stockdale. Tex.. July 26.—tEdltor of The Ex-
press. 1—Relative to the article iu today's Express
signed D. G. Y. upholding the Mexican consul.
1,/ct us get at the bottom of this matter. This is
a splendid subject for discussion and 1 would
be glad to hear from some one who is thoroughly
posted on the matter. We are aware that Mexi-
cans are mistreated by a certain class In Texas,
but did not know they were barred from public
schools and do not think I). G. Y. can name the
place where they are barred. As to the negro
and the Mexican, we understand the negro js
received in Mcxbo as a Mexican and that lucre
is no law In that country against, intermarriage
and they are received in Mexico, at least in many
Instances, on an equality. Further. I venture that
the better and lower classes of Mexicans are In
a bctte/ condition in Texas than in Mexico, their
own home. Now. do the Mexican consul and
D. G. Y. expect and demand better treatment
and better conditions of the Mexican, especially
the poorer classes, in Texas than in Mexico? if
this is the standard then there is room for im-
provement and if the Mexican consul can raise
the standard of his people In Texas he will have
done n good work, but before the Mexican con-
sul charges Texas of mistreatment of Mexican
subjects he would better look across the border.
V. PIERCE.
Ifalf-forgotten Lines on Rher.
Sau Antonio, Tex., July 20.—|Editor of The
Express. I-- Apropos of the San Antonio River and
the talk of clearing its channel, perhaps the fol-
lowing verse, which 1 have held for a long time,
may prove of interest. I don't remember where
1 got the clipping.
Oh, a wonderful stream is the River Time, at
least so the poets say; but a beautifuiler stream
Is the Sun Antone ns it glides on its noiseless
way. Its waters are limpid, translucent aud wet,
but the weeds on its bosom unwed, and i'|P
trees overhanging, the willows, et cel., drop their
blooms and so forth in its bed. oh, the stars
never glimmered, the moon never shimmered and
the light of the sun never shone on a beautifuiler
stream of the poet's day dream than the slum-
berous San Antone. But Its waters arc low, aud
they lazily flow—on account of the wells. It Is
said, which have drained the supply but be-
twixt U and I. it may be its uncleanly bed.
ON RECIPROCITY MEASURE
It Is I p to Canada "Now
The reciprocity treaty, upon receiving the sic
nature of President. Taft. will go to the Canadian
Parliament, for ratification. That body, which
adjourned for the coronation, is again in session.
Premier Laurier has a majority behind him and
Is pledged to the agreement. Some delays may
be expected, for Canadian orators have much
voice and good wind, as have our own Senators,
but. there is not likely to develop enough oppo-
sition to defeat the measure. Los Angeles Her-
ald.
Experiment Worth Trying.
There are some who tell us that reciprocity is
nil a mistake, and it may so turn iuit. The
President has said it Is an experiment worth
trying, and as such it should be tried. However,
there are those who believe that a demand exists
for cheaper food products in this country. Can-
ada is largely an agricultural country, and Is
glad to find a market near at home.
Whatever may be said of the merits of pro-
tection as a political principle, it is clear that
it has made us a great manufacturing Nation.
We are consuming, almost more than we produce.
But it has hurt agriculture in one sense, in hav-
ing taken the workers away from tlie farms t°
the towns and cities. Our home markets are
good, but the number of workers on the farms
is too small.
Anyway, we must have more food, and reciproc-
ity seems to open the way. In that sense it is
generally approved. The victory of Prcsidcut
Taft is a remarkable one. Brooklyn Times.
Taft '* f*ersu«slve Influence-
it ts no secret t<> those who have loli.»wcd the
reciprocity question closely, but it may have been
kept from the country at large, that the Presi-
dent himself is responsible for this reciprocity
treaty more than any other man. He may uot
have had so much to do with the detailed ar-
rangements which were framed in the office of
the State Department by Solicitor Hoyt and a
few other men. but he eertaluly brought to pass
the famous gathering at Albany with Governor
Hughes. Governor General Grey and Minister
Fielding, out of which came the visit of tlie
Ottawa envoys to Washington aud the resump-
tion of the broken negotiations for reciprocity.
It will be remembered that Laurier and the
other Canadian statesmen had often said that
they would never go to Washington again look-
ing for any treaty because of the way they had
been misused at the joint high commission nego-
Gallons in 1W. But under the persuasive in-
tluence «.f President Taft. Mr. Fielding, the Fi-
nance Minister, was willing to make the attempt,
swallow his words, and see If there was any
virtue lett in the Yankees. Ami it is said that
the feeling of suspicion with which they arrived
In Washington was dissipated after one inter-
view with the President. They made up their
minds that he was sincerely bent upon securing
an honest treaty, one fair to both sides, and. that
pofut having been settled, there was no more
vci \ serlou* obstacle to the progress of the nego-
tiations. it was at President Taft's initiative
ibat the meeting was brought about, and it is
he himself who should receive the largest amount
of credit for the promulgation of the treaty sud
for its progress through both houses Con-
gress.—Boston Transcript.
^ — —
Going the Law One Better.
Since the enactment of the New'Jersey law
prohibiting the use of common drinking clips the
rsilioad companies have in some pl.o-e* «lmt off
drinking water a'together: which show® that
there are more ways tli.-ni one of ofteyitig a .lei I
sev i.«w by a Jersey corporation—>>t% lork j
World. I
THE KINGDOM OF SPAIN
VII- Backwardness of Education
in I RFDFRIC #F. M ASK IN.
Madrid. Spain—Seventy-five per cent see iis in
have been agreed upon bf foreigners as the pro-
portion of Spaniards who cannot read or write.
There Is usually a mild protest against these
figures when the subject is discussed among
Spaniards. Spain is a country where till statis-
tics are more or less unreliable. No one really
knows definitely how large the proportion of il-
literacy Is. but it is at any rate large enough
to make the backwardness of education one of
the gravest and most discouraging phases of
Spain s lack of progress.
In addition to the large number of persons "f
the humbler classes who are wholly illiterate,
there are many "upper class" Spaniards who
have only a slight acquaintance with the "three
Hs." There are others who read and write Span-
ish correctly and have a good acquaintance with
French, but who are aatnzlngly ignorant of af-
fairs outside of their own country. This class
cannot be said to be greatly useful to a country
standing in need of a militant public opinion in
favor of an awakening. But why conditions tire
as they are is more easily explained than how
they can be readily and radically changed. The
lack of good schools Is a logical and Inevitable
phase of the lack of good government that holds
Spain several centuries behind countries that
were once her inferiors iu civilization.
Elementary education has been compulsory in
Spain since !*"»<. and for ten years it has beeu
free to the children of parents unable to pay
tuition. I pon paper all Spanish children from
the age of t» years to 1- years are in school by
law. The little progress made since 1857 shows
that the educational reform has been chiefly a
paper reform. For purposes of comparison, to
show how tardily this European country ad-
vances even when compared with the linpasslvs
and linprogressive Orient, it may be said that
education was made compulsory in Spain in the
year of the Sepoy rebellion in India, yet erudi-
tion is much rarer In Spain today than It is in
India and while India has made rapid strides in
distributing elementary education among the
masses, the situation In Spain has n<jt beeu
greatly changed by a half century of reform.
To bring the comparison nearer home to Amer-
ican renders. Cuba, where education had lan-
guished for a long time under Spanish rule, as
it had in the Philippines, became a republic
about nine years ago. Before the Spanish-
American war about iifi.OM pupils attended the
1000 schools in Cuba, most of which were private.
There are now between JioOO and 4(KK) schools in
Cuba and nearly 200.000 pupils attend them. As
there are only 275,000 children of school age In
Cuba these figures show how education pro-
gresses even in a tropical country where republi-
can government supplants the type of monarchy
that is called constitutional in Spain. The mini-
muni salary of a Cuban school teacher nowaday*
Is $.VK3 a year. There are many school teachers
In Spain working for less than $200. The average
salary, in fact, is $200. Cuba spends half it*
much on education, upon one-twelfth as large a
population, as is spent by Spain. This is part
of what "Cuba Libre" menus to the young
Cubans.
Grafters steal a good deal of the school fund
iu Spain so that teachers are fortunate indeed
if they actually receive even the pittance that i*
allowed them under the law. Many payments te
school teachers are in arrears and the "arrears
are often in the pockets of na ra sites and thers
remain till the teachers get tired of waiting and
turn to some other employment to get bread and
meat. Schoolmasters who keen accounts, write
letters for illiterate persons and do other odd
Jobs to eke out their existence, are much more
numerous than those who draw 1 lie salary to
which they are entitled.
A story of how the schools are conducted I*
told iu the little city of Burgos. The school
teacher whose duty it was to give elementary
instruction to the prisoners iu the Burgos lail
receiving payment from the government, declined
to teaeli because 4 he jail was so overcrowded
that there was no suitable classroom. But- h«
did not file any information to that effect where
it would stop his monthly salary. For twenty
years he drew his pay, such is the loose-jointed
manner in which government bureaus are operat.
ed in Spain This pedagogue probably had a
keener pense of humor than of right and wrong.
The locality must, under the Spanish law,
furnish the money with which teachers in local
schools are paid. It must be paid lo the Ministry
of Education, which pays the teachers. It is
claimed that when the local taxes were paid to
the teachers by the local authorities the funds
were "milked" so outrageously that only a small
part of the payments were made. There is still,
according to common report, a good deal of
"milking " Teachers iu private schools may
teach without anv certificate of qualification and
prepare pupils for universities where they re-
ceive. In many cases."lustruction from professor?
who are not themselves college graduates. Thf
teachers iu government schools are required. l<
go through a normal school, but the standard of
education Is not high.
Where schools actually exist they are often
held In buildings which would subject those In
authority to arrest in America. More than 10,twin
schools are in rented buildings where there is
no consideration of hygiene or sanitation. I
Spanish newspapers recently gave wide publicity
to an official statement <>f the Minister of Edu-
cation giving these figures and stating that
schools are often adjacent to stables, slaughter-
houses, hospitals aud other places not calculated
to improve the health of pupils. One school Is in
a building used as a stable and the children oc-
cupy space that is used as stalls for oxen during
the night. Another schoolhouse is used as a bull
pen adjacent to the l'laaz do Toros when bull
lights are held. "The school premises." says this
report, "are bad. Ninety per cent of the land-
ings are the worst dwellings in the towns. This
Is becaflse the town councils will not pa.v 'he
rent and owners of better buildings will not let
them for school purposes."
The moral conditions existing iu Spanish
schools have been recently condemned iu thp
public prints by a prominent educator as being
responsive to physical conditions and "perhaps
the most degraded in the whole world." In this
way the corruption of Spanish politics reflect*
itself upon the youth of the country. There are
no playgrounds, and no effort is made to en-
courage school spirit. The Spanish laborer who
can raise sufficient money to emigrate to North
or South America, where his children may enjoy
the benefits of education under a republican gov-
ernment ami under favorable conditions, cannot
be blamed for taking advantage of the first op-
portunity to leave Spain.
There are many striving, sincere, wholly Irre-
proachable schoolmasters and schoolmistresses
in Spain. But there are also many who are
lacking in both mental training and nioral equip-
ment lo educate children. The slenderness and
uncertainty of the pay does not attract the best
"material." As indifferent as they are. the
schools are also fewer than the law requires.
There are between twenty-five and thirty thou-
sand school districts entitled under the law of
Isr»7 to schools, but now without them, and in
the capital itself, as shown by the mayor's state-
ment IXUHjp children of school age are offered no
facilities Whatever.
While the percentage of illiteracy has slightly
decreased within the last decade there is no
prospect that under the existing form of gov-
ernment the requirements of the school law of
1N">7 as to the number of schools will ever be
carried out. If every requirement, of that bit
were met Spain would still have far fewer
schools in proportion to population than any
progressive country in Europe or either of the
two Americas.
"And." complains a Madrid paper bitterly, "«i
a result of the outrageous manner In which edu-
cation is neglected 12.000.000 Spaniards are abso-
lutely illiterate." In a country where education
has been neglected as it has in Spain It is diffi-
cult to get a large number of persons vitally in-
terested in reforming it. Officials whose duty II
Is to enforce the compulsory education law are,
In many instances, wholly unable to read it®
provisions or write their own names, or so poorly
educated tlmf they have no conception of the
backwardness of Spain as compared with other
civilised countries. ...
That there are other civilized countries thej
know vaguely, but many an alcalde could not tell
where the more prominent ones are situated with
regard to Spain or one another. The glorious
achievements of other countries, as set forth In
history are. very literally, a closed book to lil in.
of course, he does not see the necessity for en-
forcing the attendance of children at school of
the iniquity of stealing money belonging to
teachers.
—
Worn Now to Cover Baldness.
I Hike John of Saxony, hi 15IS. ordered his
bailiff to purchase for him secretly at Nuieus-
burg a large and well made win.
The large wiu was in vogue In America dur-
ing the last half of the Eighteenth Century, hat
fe" Into disuse after the devolution
Wigs we re first worn in England during tht»
ieigu «»f tvinu Stephen. 11:».»-11-»t. 1 he fashi »fl
.it it* height in Queen Anne's time
Lsrge white, full-bottomed wiirs are «ti»l wort,
by English indges as s symlnd «»f the age an#
diguity which should charaeterutc the judicUrf
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San Antonio Express. (San Antonio, Tex.), Vol. 46, No. 209, Ed. 1 Friday, July 28, 1911, newspaper, July 28, 1911; San Antonio, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth431860/m1/6/: accessed July 16, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu.; crediting Abilene Library Consortium.