Temple Daily Telegram (Temple, Tex.), Vol. 15, No. 272, Ed. 1 Sunday, October 1, 1922 Page: 17 of 20
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Movies
x
Sent by
Radio
FROM broadcasting music by radio to
unseen audiences composed of millions
to broadcasting motion pictures by the
tame method is, or to be exact, was but a
ftep. This latest scientific achievement,
than which there is none more marvelous,
has just been made by C. Fi'ancis Jenlcivs
t of Washington, D. C., possessor of the El-
' liott Cresson gold medal, awarded by the
Franklin Institute of America for his
original contribution to motion-picture
mechanics. Mr. Jenkins announces that
he has discovered a means for transmit-
ting photographs and motion pictures
through space. While the revolutionary
character of the discovery may give cause,
for doubt in the popular mind as to the
success of th« enterprise, irrespective of
the prestige of the inventor, the public,
and radio fans in particular, art lending
attentive ears—and eyes.
8
!i
ttCHmi'ca At-*"' ■ v;
BROADCASTED Through Space by
of Prismatic RINGS
Transmitting an Image by Means of
a Motion Picture Camera and a Radio
Receiver, Coupled to * Special Pro-
jector Mechanism. The Image of
the Letter H (at left), la Fleshed
Through the Lena and Two Revolv-
ing Disc Prkuns Onto a Photo-Elcc-
tric Cell. This Cell Changes I«b Re-
sistance in Proportion to the Amount
of Light Falling on It, and Conse-
quently Various Light and Shade
Vnlnes Cause Corresponding Fluctu-
ations in Transmitted Radio Current.
These Pulsating Electric Waves Are
Picked up by a Radio Receiving Set
ring. Consequently,
a rny of light pass-
ing through this
prism and spending
its fore* on a pict-
ure surface at the
top will travel across
the picture sarface
to the bottom as the
prismatic ring ro-
tates. By the same
token, the identical
ray of light passing
through a second
prismatic ring, with
its diameter set at
right angles to the
first, will embrace
the picture surface
from ieft to right.
If then, as Mr. Jen-
tin^, reasons, one of
Jie pr:smatic rings
s rotated one hun-
dred times faster
,han the other, it
will be seen that
the picture surface
would be covered,
lorizontally, in one
hundred parallel
transmission of pictures is composed oi • pah
of prismatic rings and a photo-electric cell.
The outfit for tbe contemplated recaption of
motion picture* consists of another pair of the*
circular prismatic r rigs of glass and a light
valve. The latter unit is a glass tube filled with
carbon bisulphide solution, the tube being wound
with wire somewhat similar to the windmg for-
mation of the tuning coil used in radio-telephony
and telegraphy. Current g.ven passage through
the photo-ekctric ceil of the transmitting ap-
paratus fluctuates undeT the influence of varia-
tions in light values of different parts of the
picture. This fluctuating current is impressed or.
electromagnetic waves, and is "picked up" by
wireless receiving sets equipped with the pris-
matic rings. The current values, subsequently,
are translated into picture values on the
screen.
Broadcasting of motion pictures, accord-
ing to the claim of tha inventor, has been
made possible by use of a prismatic ring, a
new optical shape tn glaas, which hat recently
been brought to a rather high state of perfection.
It has already been applied In extreme high-
speed photography (WOO pictures per second),
continuous motion-picture projection machines,
direct-reading ground-speed metres for air-
planes, etfc.
How Mr. Jenkins succeeded in transmitting
photographs from one room to another, only
a few steps intervening, at his laboratory,
1519 Connecticut avenue, Washington, D. C., is de-
scribed in Science and Invention by S. R. Winters.
This was accomplished by use of prismatic rings,
which are protected by patents. The principle
involved in the transmission of photographic ob-
jects through ether is that electromagnetic or
wireless waves are susceptible to the impression
of picture characteristics just as at present elec-
trical waves may be translated into speech if
voice characteristics arc impressed thereon. Ac-
cepting the logic of this theory, the inventor
claims that it is then only a matter of combining
with these new ring prisms certain well-known
elements in operative relation—elements to bo
found in any modern physics text-book.
A circular ring of glass, urrp^etenttous tn ap-
pearance, is the vital unit upon which the claim
is based that photographs and motion pictures
may be transmitted through space over short dis-
tances. The warped contour of this ring of trans-
parent substances, when rotated across a beam
of light, produces an effect on the totter compar-
able to that of a glass prism which changes the
angle between its faces. Or, putting it differ-
ently, there is a constant change in its refract-
ing angle.
The effect on a rey of light passing through
this glass ring, having a fixed axis on one side of
the latter, is to gh-e to the ray of light on the
other side of the glass prism an oscillation or
hinged action in the plane of the diameter of tho
by
the pointed beam of light. Such
stripes
is the behavior of these patented prismatic
rings in conjunction with instruments now be-
ing developed in contemplation of a broadcast-
ing service of motion pictures, not altogether
dissimilar from the prevailing system of dis-
tributing vocal speech and music by means of
the radio-telephone. The equipment for the
Why Men Do Not Wear Brightly
Colored Clothes
IT is probable that the majority of the men al-
ways did wear dull colored clothes, as most
durable and most suitable for hard work, leav-
ing the bright colors for courtiers Rnd the classes
who toiled not.
In the Middle Ages, indeed, special laws exist-
ed to prevent the wealthy trader, for instance,
imitating in his dress the gay hues of those sup-
posed to be born his "betters."
Today all such class distinctions have van-
ished, and the very few men who literally have
no work to do wouW only invite ridicule and not
envy by any parade of color. And the great ma-
jority, having to work hard and continuously,
cannot afford to wear clothes which would con-
stantly be getting soiled
HOW FAR Can a MAN FALL and Still LIVE?
WILD Traits of DOMESTIC ANIMALS
MOST domestic animals have been domesti-
cated so long that knowledge «f their ex-
net ancestry has been forgotten. It is
•till disputed hew many wild spades of the wolf
or fox or Jackal kinds have gone to the making
of modern dogs, but any strain in such ancestry
is enough to make them the natural enemies of
sfceep, and therefor*, under man's trslaing, their
potential guardians. Of various sheep dogs tho
Scotch collie has most of the appearance of a
wolf, and in him the primitive habit of sheep
driving has been so enforced by civilized training
that his instincts are still wildly excited by the
appearance of a moving flock.
Deprived of his proper business of sheep herd-
ing, ho will race behind children pouring out of
school, or follow a stream of traffic in towns,
loudly barking at the buses, trucks and motor
cars and glancing brightly at the bystanders for
approval of his attempts to regulate the traffic.
His original instinct of hunting is overlaid or
transformed by his later vocation of shepherd,
end his remarks, so freely uttered, are not in the
wolf's primitive howl, but in the short barks, the
humanized, half-articulate dog speech, which he
has learned in association with man.
Whan dogs howl at the mom it is a relapse
into depths of time when they were still wild
animals—perhaps due to instincts of hunting
with the ancient wolf pack on moonlit nights, or
perhaps some stiU more ancient response to the
tide-impelling planet which has so wide and deep
an influence over mortal kind.
Qt all beasts which msn has long tamed, the
cat appears at first sight to have the least trace
of occasional relapses into barbarism. But, ac-
cording tn naturalists, it is truer to say that the
cat has lost none of her primitive instincts than
that she retains none.
Cats are essentially ttndomesticated, though
for their own good purposes they condescended
to sleep by the fireside. They were originally
solitary animals, as the wildcat or the lynx is
today, and while the gregariousnesa of the dog
and horse enables them to transfer their affec-
tion to mankind, the cat makes no such deep
friendships.
HOW far may a human being fall and escape
death or permanent injury, eliminating, of
course, the possibility of landing on a
stack of feather beds or tn a fireman's net Given
an unrestrained drop through thin air, and an
alighting on probable substances, there nfust be
a limiting height of fall which will result in in-
stant death.
Strange indeed are the vagaries of fate! A
tumble from a ground-floor window kills one
man—a fall from a church steeple leaves another
unhurt.
Structurally fragile, the human body seems
111-adapted to any but the gentlest usage. An
assemblage of brittle, chalky bones, ribbed
through tender, nerve-coursed flesh, and en-
By Francis If. Wilson, C. E.
shrouded in a very thin envelope of delicate skin
—that Is all.
A scratch from a pin may mean blood-poison-
ing; a puncture from a rusty nail, lockjaw; a
alip in the bathtub, a fractured skull; a mis-step
on the stairs, a compound fracture! Truly It is
amazing that so many arrive at old age, whole-
limbed and intact.
But consider the men now living who haws
fallen from great heights from airplanes, from
bridges and from tall buildings often with very
slight Injuries and sometimes none at all.
After many years spent in bridge and struc-
tural engineering it has long been my conclusion
Did GOLF Originate in HOLLAND?
Taking the Guesswork Out of Sour Milk in Baking
THE old negro "mammy" of the South is able
to taste buttermilk, or clabber, then measure
out with her fingers the proper amount of
soda to react with it in the preparation of her
famous biscuit dough. Hers is becoming a lost
art, however, for her skill has not been handed
down to the new generation.
No recipe given in any cook book for soda
and sour milk bread can be strictly followed with
uniform results, for sour milk varies greatly in
its solidity; yet the neutralisation for baking
must be accurate, or the bread will be yellow and
alkaline with excess of soda, or heavy and sour
because of deficiency. To carry out a determina-
tion of the exact acidity of the milk, and the
strength «f the soda, and calculate the compari-
son, is within the ability only of the trained
chemist.
A new and rapid method of determining the
taking soda equivalent of a cupful of milk of any
degree of ssumess has been worked out in the
laboratories of George Peabo<ly College for
Teachers by Miss Mary P. Wilson and Dr. H. A.
Webb, who presented the results of their investi-
gations at the Pittsburgh meeting of the Ameri-
can Chemical Society. An "indicator" which
shows when the right amount of soda Is added
was discovered in tbe use of paper Beaked with
the alizarine. Making spots on this paper with
drops of milk determines the exact amount of
soda required, measured accurately by eighths of
a teaspoonful, the smallest unit by which pow-
ders may be measured in the household. The
manipulation of the test is simple, so that bakers,
cooking classes, or housewives may use it. Less
than a minute of time Is necessary, after the
solutions are prepared.
Tho assurance that bread baked with soot
milk and soda will not have too much of either
Ingredient will create confidence in the minds of
many housewives and possibly revive the use of
this most excellent and healthful leavening process.
POPULAR belief has It that golf was first
played In Scotland, but if one of the most
ancient and interesting of the pictures in
which the game Is portrayed in the tailpiece to an
illuminated Book of Hours made at Bruges is ac-
cepted as conclusive evidence, then Holland holds
the honors as the home of this game. The players,
as shown in the Book of Hours, are three in num-
ber and have but one club apiece, the head of
which Ls steel or steel covered, and they play with
a ball each.
The feature which gives this picture a peculiar
interest is that all the others show the game on
ice, the putting being at a stake, while in this
Book of Hours they are putting at a hole in the
turf, as in modern golf.
It is uncertain at what date the g«.me was in-
Searchlight Illuminates
the Newest Vanity Case
JUST look here, girls! It's no longer neces-
sary for you to have to powder your nose in
the dark, for some gallant inventor has come
to your rescue.
The very latest design of a vanity case Is
equipped with its own searchlight and in the glow
The Light Is Automatically
Turned en When the
Case Is Opened.
How Age Affects the Germinating Power of Seeds
IT Is, of course, a well-known fact that the ca-
pacity of seeds to germinate tends to decrease
with age. In some cases germination capacity
falls off tery rapidlyj in other cases it remains
high for a number of fears after the seed has
been harvested. Among vegetable-garden crops,
according to Gardeners' Chronicle (London) pars-
nips afford an example of seeds whose germinat-
ing capacity soon deteriorates, even so short a
period of one year sufficing to reduce the per-
centage of germination to a relatively low figure.
Plants of the cabbage tribe, turnips, etc., retain
their germinating capacity longer, but at the end
of two or three years H be found to have be-
come less than it was in the year of harvesting,
'fhe seeds of peas and beans suffer less from the
effects of keeping, and may give quite good results
after three or more years. Needless to say, the
power of seeds to retain their capacity to gemi-
nate varies not only with the variety, but also
with the nature of the harvest and with the con-
ditions under which the seeds are stored. A poor
harvest year generally means in this country one
in which seed does not ripen thoroughly; that Is,
does not dry off oomplet ly, and such seed gen-
erally shows a relatively low initial power of
germination and poor "keeping" properties. Con-
ditions of storage also affcct the keeping proper-
ties of seed. If the air is either uniformly damp
or subject to marked alternation of dampness and
dryness, the germinating capacity falls off rap-
idly. That this is the case may be easily under-
stood when it is remembered that seeds are very
hygroscopic—that is, readily take up water when
exposed to a moist atmosphere. It is, therefore,
necessary if for any roason it is desired to keep
seeds for a long time, to put them in sealed
bottles or jars, and to store them In a cool place.
It follows from this that a good general rule is
to sow seeds the year after harvesting. This ruk,
however, is one which admits of numerous excep-
tions. For instance, some seeds —« g, Primulas
—germinate better if sown before they are fully
matured than they do if sown after their fruits
have completely ripened.
1
troduced Into Scotland, but In 1457 its popularity
had become so great as to interfere with the more
important pursuit of archery.
The competition became so serious that in
March of that year the Scottish Parliament "de-
creted and ordained that waplnshawingis be
halden be the lordis and baronis spirituale and
temporale four times in the seir; and that the
fute-ball and golf be utterly cryit doun, and
nocht unit and that the bowemerkis be maid at ilk
paroche kirk a pair of buttis, and schuutin be
uslt ilk Sunday."
The act was evidently insufficient to curb ths
doughty game, as 14 years afterward it was
judged necessary to pass another against "wapin-
hawingis," and in 1491 a final and evidently
angry fulmination was Issued on the general
subject with pains and penalties annexed.
This was an edict of James IV. and It is not
a little curious to find the monarch himself set-
ting an ill-example to his Commons by practice
of this "unprofitabili" sport, as is shown by entries
in accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scot-
land (1503-1506).
From old time the sport has been known in
Scotland as "the royal and ancient game of golf."
James IV. is the first monarch who figures for-
mally in the golfing record. James V. was also
very partial to the game; and it was alleged by
the enemies of his unhappy daughter, Mary Stu-
art, as having her shameless indifference to the
fate of her husband, that soon after his murder
she "was seen playing golf and pallmall in the
fields beside Seton."
Tradition has it that her son, James VI.
(afterward James I., of England) was a golfer,
but the chief evidence connecting him with the
game is an enactment, dated 1618, which prohibits
the importation of golf balls from Helland, as
thereby "na small quantitie of gold and silver is
transported zierly out of his Hienes' kingdome of
Scotland."
that an occasional man has more than the pro-
verbial nine lives accredited to the cat
Such a man I met one day in a Southern
city. He was a former employe, known In the
bridge gang by the euphonious name of "Coley."
There was a startling change in his appearance.
His face was thin and of a ghastly whiteness.
"What's the matter?" I asked. "You look dif-
ferent. Had fever!"
"No, a fall," he replied in a weak. fine,
strained voice. "Stepped on the loose end of a
plank and went down a hundred and tweaty-Avo
feet," he continued, as he removed his hat and
inclined his head so that I might see the <tap,
blue-green depression in his skull.
From an inch above one eyebrow it extended
to the extreme hack of his head. Then he told
use the story:
Two of them fell together. The other man
struck in ths mud and was dead when they
reached him. Coley alighted with his head
against a foot-square stick of timber. The square
corner split his skull open. He still breathed, and
his mates carried him up "to grade," and laid
him on a pile of cross-tios. A country doctor was
brought from three miles distant. The doctor
sewed up the opened skull, and "Coley" recovered.
He hoped soon to be back on the Job.
Later I verified the height from which Coley
had fallen, and his statement of "a hundred and
twenty-five feet" was no exaggeration. Soft mad
might seem a safer landing place than to butt
one's head against the corner of a stick of tim-
ber, and yet here we have the outcome at one soeh
comparison.
And then, how about landing ea a ledge at
stone?
Twenty years ago every bridge engineer la
America could repeat the story which follows, yet
I am unable to say from my own knowledge that
it happened, or that the height of the fall may
not have been exaggerated.
It happened during the erection of the canti-
lever bridge over the Niagara River. The big
pins for the main trusses weighed in the neigh-
borhood of 500 pounds each. Quitting-time was
almost at hand one evening and a connection
ready for driving the pin. Usually the pins
hoisted into position for driving by means of a
block and fall, but that was slow, and the big,
husky foreman was in a hurry. The pin lay on
the plank staging which paralleled the chord. He
decided to lift the pin with his hands, and plac-
ing the end of the pilot-nut in the pinhole, he
would support the other end until the pin could
be partially driven.
Something went wrong, for pin and man shot
down between the staging and the chord, alighting
on the stone ledge, 120 feet below.
The threads on the pin were damaged, and it
was sent to the shop for repairs. The foreman
was less seriously injured—no broken bones, and
no internal injury—he was back on the Job before
the repaired pin arrived. In this case chalky-
boned, soft-fleshed man resisting rough treatment
better than a pin of solid steel!
By way of contrast, there is the incident at
a bridge worker in California who fell 11 feet,
landing in a bed of loose, dry sand. He was
stantly killed.
Was IceCream Invented in Japan 700 Years Ago?
of its beam a woman can powder her nose even
in the darkest taxicab or theatre.
The light is connected with a spring switch
in the box lid and goes on automatically when-
ever the case Is opened, It i* sufficiently brilliant
to illuminate the fair face of the owner, and also
to save fumbling for keys or change.
Mnricww Fafetnr* Swvlee. 1!>22.
ICE CREAM is not such a modern product as
may be imagined. The ancients first used ice
for the making of iced drinks. These served
to solace Alexander of Macedon during the heat
of his Asiatic campaigns. Trace of this is found
In the recipe—supposed to have been left by him
—known as macedoine.
The more complicated product of freezing—
ico cream—was first mentioned by Marco Polo,
who visited Japan in the thirteenth century and
\brought back tales of water and milk ices which
were among the delicacies then known to the
people of the East.
In the sixteenth century ke cream is men-
tioned In connection with Queen Catharine de
Medici, who introduced frozen fruit juices and
water Ices from Italy to France, while later her
son employed a special cook to invent new kinds
of ices, the latter iastalling a shop for the par-
pose of selling ice cream to the aristocracy.
The popular confection was first nude in
England by Demirro, one of the cooks in tha
household of Charles 1. H1» royal master se
much enjoyed his '"frozen milk" that he awarded
Demirro an annuity of $100.
There is an account of a gorgeous hsunwt
given by Louis XIV of France at which was laid
before each guest a gilt cup containing a tmfc
egg, colored to resemble those presented at Eas-
ter. But to their surprise it was "a del ideas
sweetmeat, cool and compact as marble."
It was probably an Italian named Gatti whe
first sold ice cream to the British public. Ha
trade sooa reached treateadoua
iujl 2c
ilililiiillMllliUl
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Ingram, Charles W. Temple Daily Telegram (Temple, Tex.), Vol. 15, No. 272, Ed. 1 Sunday, October 1, 1922, newspaper, October 1, 1922; Temple, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth468438/m1/17/: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu.; crediting Abilene Library Consortium.