Flying-Machine. Page: 4 of 8
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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
ERNST W. F. HERRMANN, OF SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS.
FLYING-MACHINE.Specification of Letters Patent. .atented Dec. 12, 1911.
Application filed May 4, 1910. Serial No. 559,268.To all whom it may concern:
Be. it known that I, ERNST W. F. Hun-
MANN, a citizen of the United States, and a
resident of San Antonio, in the county of
5 Bexar and State of Texas, have invented
a new and Improved Flying-Machine, of
which the following is a full, clear, and ex-
act description.
This invention relates to a new and im-
10 proved flying machine of the heavier-than-
air or aeroplane type.
An object of this invention is to provide
a flying machine with a main supporting
plane having an extensive central opening,
15 around which the material of the plane ex-
tends on all sides, the central opening to con-
form generally to the form or outline of the
plane as a whole, and to constitute one-third
or more of the entire square surface of the
20 plane. And in connection with said central
opening, said plane is to be provided with
portions thereof arranged above the hori-
zontal level of the plane, to form an obtuse
dihedral angle in the front, which more par-
25 ticularly relates to. the wing portions at each
side, and an inverted obtuse dihedral angle
in the rear, adjacent the middle of the plane.
These features; that is, the central opening
and the front and rear dihedral angles, all
30 go to make up a supporting plane which is
automatically stable in itself, and will con-
trol the equilibrium of the flying machine to.
a considerable extent.
Another object of this invention is to pro-
35 vide an aeroplane with a supporting plane
capable of being warped at various points,
so as to control the ascension and descen-
sion of the machine, and also to control the
lateral equilibrium and steering thereof.
40 These and further objects, together with
the construction and combination of parts,
will be more fully described hereinafter and
particularly set forth in the claims.
Reference is to be had to the accompany-
45 ing drawings forming a part of this speci-
fication, in which similar characters of ref-
erence indicate corresponding parts in all the
views, and in which-
Figure 1 is a perspective view; Fig. 2 is
50 a longitudinal vertical section; Fig. 2a is an
enlarged detail vertical section showing the
means for controlling the warping of the
main supporting plane; Fig. 2b is a fragmen-
tary.. top plan view showing the pivotal con-.nection of one of the movable arms to the 55
main frame; Fig. 3 is a top plan view of the
main supporting plane detached from the
remainder of the machine; Fig. 4 is a front
view in elevation, of the main supporting
planes, showing the wing tips thereof in the 60
position of ascending or descending; Fig.
5 is a. view similar to Fig. 4, showing the
wing tips in the position of steering; Fig.
6 is a vertical section on the line G-G of
Fig. 3, showing in full and dotted lines the 65
various positions of one of the wing-tips;
Fig. 7 is a plan view of another form of
supporting plane; and Fig. 8 is a perslpec-
tive view showing still another form, in
which two supporting planes having cen- 70
tral openings extending at substantially
right-angles to each other, are shown.
Referring more particularly to the sepa-
rate parts of the device, 1 indicates a main
supporting plane, which is provided with a 75
central opening 2 of preferably at least one-
third the area of the supporting plane, and
conforming substantially to the general out-
line thereof. The supporting plane I com-
prises a main frame 3 and a supporting wel 80
4 secured on the frame 3 and c mnposed of
any suitable material, such as oil silk, im-
pregnated cotton, rubber sheeting, or the
like. The frame 3 extends around the cen-
tral opening 2, to form a framework or 85
boundary therefor, and further, extends di-
agonally from the middle front to the rear
sides, so as to form a comparatively rigid
support for the web 4. The frame 3 also
extends to the middle rear of the web 4, but 90
in a somewhat elevated position, so as to
.form of the rear portion of the web 4 an in-
verted obtuse angle, which greatly aids in
maintaining the equilibrium of the flying
machine, and is particularly adapted to neu- 95
tralize any pitching action of the same.
This rear middle portion can, if desired, be
made adjustable in any suitable mnanuer, if
it is desired to decrease the dihedral angle,
as might be necessary in the case of racing. 100
The front sides or wing tips of the web 4
are supported by a plurality of arias 5, G. 7,
and 8. These arms are normally held in a
somewhat elevated position. at their oter
ends, from the level of the frame 3, so that 105
the front of the plane 1 is normally held
in the form of a dihedral angle. This dihe-
dral form of the front of the plane 1 also1,011,620.
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Herrmann, Ernst W. F. Flying-Machine., patent, December 12, 1911; [Washington D.C.]. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth511648/m1/4/: accessed June 22, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu.; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.