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1,045,110
moisture containing wood. Of course it is
not desirable to have a strongly alkaline
soap present in large amount, because of lia-
bility of oxidation of the cellulose to oxycel-
5 lulose.- Rosin soap is somewhat inclined to
alkalinity because, of hydrolysis and is best
used in conjunction with a small.proportion
of oleic acid, -using a slight excess of the
resinous acids and oleic acid so that the
10 potash is well neutralized.
The impregnation of wood with emulsions
is generally speaking difficult and unsatis-
factory. Emulsions of zinc chlorid and
creosote or petroleum oil for example, do-not
15 enter the wood very easily and one compo-
nent is apt to penetrate more easily than the
other. Damp wood will absorb the zinc
chlorid solution from an emulsion leaving
the particles of oil of the emulsion on the
20 surface of the timber. Anhydrous zinc
chlorid or zinc fluorid may be dissolved
under .certain conditions in asphalt oils to
some extent to secure a moderately good an-
tiseptic material. Timber treated with mis-
25 cible oil containing water-soluble soap may
be immersed in a solution of calcium chlorid,
magnesiuin sulfate, barium chlorid, copper
sulfate and the like so as to form a metallic
water-insoluble soap in the superficial pores
30 -of the timber, thereby improving its resist-
ance to the entry of moisture. The precipi-
tation of the soap. renders the oil vehicle of
the miscible oil no longer soluble in water
thus causing said oil vehicle to become fixed.
35 Creosote solutions which are soluble in wa-
ter may also be made by use of sulfonated
oils. The manner in which compositions of
this sort may be prepared fias been set forth
in Patent 879,375. Simply mixing a slightly
40 alkaline concentrated sulfonated oil with
creosote yields a useful product.
The copper and other compounds of naph-
thenic acids are useful with a certain limited
number of oils for treatment of wood. Cop-
45 per naphthenate is a very effective preserva-
tive. If present to the extent of 1% it pre-
vents the development of the lower organ-
isms. 1% or 2% of copper naphthenate. in
solution in gasolene is absorbed by dry wood
50 readily, although so low a proportion of
non - volatile material does not waterproof.
the wood. If however copper naphthenate is
dissolved in fairly heavy Texas or Oklahoma
asphalt oil a waterproofing and preservative
55 composition is secured. ,
In carrying out the process of the present
invention the compositions' described in the
foregoing may be used. In certain modifi-
cations of the process involving low impreg-
60 nating temperatures, the sulfurt and oil so-
lution mentioned above is not as readily used.
For impregnation, I preferably employ
wood which has been air or kiln dried. The
treatment of green wood, to remove the mois-
65 ture by means of hot creosote oil for ex-AM
ample, is undesirable because of the tend-
ency to thereby weaken the fiber. Creosote
combines to a certain extent with wood fiber,
especially if heated to a high temperature.
Its action is probably partly that of con- 70
densation with some of the aldehydic bodies
present in the wood tissue and partly disso-
lution of lingin. Petroleum oils may be
dsed at high temperatures without this same
disadvantage but low temperatures, say 130 75
to 150 deg. F. are to be preferred to 212
deg. F. The present process embraces the
specific procedure of treatment of wood with
a preservative oil to cause partial impreg-
nation, the wood used for these purposes be- so
ing preferably previously dried so that mois-
ture is not expelled to the detriment of the
operation and in subjecting the partially im-
pregnated wood to a very high gaseous pres-
sure to properly distribute the oil. For this 85
purpose I prefer a gas substantially free
from or of reduced oxygen content to be
used. The subjection of heated wood whose
surfaces are coated with oil to ordinary air
under high pressure carries with it the tend- g0
ency to spontaneous ignition, which is
avoided by the preferred procedure herein
set forth.
In carrying out the specific procedure
above mentioned I preferably use two im- 95
pregnating cylinders and pass the gas from
the one cylinder to the other, to and fro,
alternating the operations so the gas may be
used over and'over again and in such a man-
ner that it does not have to be compressed 100
from atmospheric pressure up to' the maxi-
mum pressure required each time a charge is
applied, in accordance with the process of
U. S. Letters Patent No. 1,028.201.
In the present invention. the treatment 105
of wood which is to be subjected to great
mechanical stress such as paving blocks,
railroad ties and the like, it is especially an
objective to apply a preservative whose
specific perservative action is carefully reg- 110
ulated to endure for a period substantially
that of the mechanical life of the -fibrous
structure. Creosote may be and is used in
such proportion that railroad ties, for ex-
ample, show no signs of decay even after 115
their mechanical effectiveness is lost. Ordi-
nary petroleum oils, although having a
waterproofing action, have not sufficient
fungous resisting properties to preserve
railroad ties under a moderately severe serv- 120
ice condition up- to the extent of their ne-
chanical life. By the treatment of low
grade petroleum residues including oils of
the Pennsylvania type, as well as the
asphaltic oils of Texas, Oklahoma, Califor- 125
nia and the like with sulfur or sulfurizing
materials, especially in conjunctionh with
creosote free from' the higher boiling frac-
tions (above 240. deg. C.) of Blaugas or
'Pintsch gas spent oils and tars, a sulfureted .130
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Ellis, Carleton. Preserved Wood and Process of Making Same, patent, November 19, 1912; [Washington D.C.]. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth513545/m1/3/: accessed June 20, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu.; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.