Palacios Beacon (Palacios, Tex.), Vol. 46, No. 49, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 3, 1953 Page: 1 of 8
eight pages : ill. ; page 22 x 16 in. Digitized from 35 mm. microfilm.View a full description of this newspaper.
Extracted Text
The following text was automatically extracted from the image on this page using optical character recognition software:
•I
-r
'4)
#
m
I
i
By VERN SANFORD
Texas Press Association
AUSTIN, Tex. — Hottest news
out of Austin is the fight to prevent
the DPOW from gaining a foot-
hold in Texas.
DPOW is the Distributive, Pro-
cessing and Office Workers Union
of America, an interim affiliate of
the CIO, but not as yet admitted
to full membership.
Attorney General John Ben Shep-
perd contends DPOW is communist
controlled and communist led. He
says “they are organizing in Texas
with the intent and purpose of
paralyzing the oil industry, as well
ns the shipping areas of the state
when the proper time comes.”
DPOW has disrupted business in
Port Arthur the past several weeks
by picketing some 22 eating places,
hotels and retail stores. “They have
threatened the laundries and have
their eyes on the filling stations,”
says the attorney general.
According to John Sadler, pub-
lisher of the Port Arthur News,
stores in that heavily unionized
coastal city are as bare of custom-
ers as if a depression was on.
Sheppered outlined the procedure
by the DPOW as follows: “They
write a letter to the manager of a
business, demanding that he recog-
nize their union and threaten to
picket his place. So far there hasn’t
been a single election by the Na-
tional Labor Relations Board. The
DPOW just moves in and takes
over.”
Sheprerd appealed to the work
ers and to the people of Texas to
investigate DPOW. “Let's not trade
the Lone Star of Texas for the Red
Star of Russia,” warns the at-
torney general.
— tpa —
THURSDAY, DECEMBER 3, 1953
PALACIOS, MATAGORDA COUNTY, TEXAS
VOLUME XLVI NUMBER 49
State American Legion officials
have joined in the campaign to
fight DPOW’s inroads as have Port
Arthur legionairies.
Governor Allan Shivers has ap-
pointed a five-man Industrial Com-
mission to investigate DPOW. Al-
so the International Fur and Leath-
er Workers Union and the Mine
Mill and Smelter Workers Union.
The committee will hear testi-
mony about alleged communist
domination of these labor organi-
zations which are attempting to
operate in Texas.
Members of the Texas Industrial
Commission are: C. E. Fulgham
Lubbock farmer and rancher; Wil-
liam J. Harris of Dallas, president
of the Texas Federation of Labor-
L. E. Page of Carthage, commander
of the Texas Department of the
American Legion; Walter Buck-
ner, editor and co-publisher of the
San Marcos Record and past-presi-
dent of the Texas Press Associa-
tion; and E. G. Rodman, Sr., of
Odessa, president of the Rodman
Oil Field Supply Co.
An investigation on another front
has been started to consider charges
of discrimination against Latin
Americans.
Neville Penrose of Fort Worth,
chairman of the Texas Good Neigh-
bor Commission, appointed Frank
Kelley of Colorado City as head of
the new committee which will act
on the problem.
According to Penrose, quicker
and more thorough investigation of
discrimination cases, with the help
of local officials, is the purpose of
the committee.
Penrose named Claude Meadows
Sr. of San Angelo as head of a
committee to help inform Latin
Americans in Texas of their status
under the McCarran Immigration
Act.
The federal law requires proof by
January 1 of legal entry into the
U. S.
Provisions of the act are causing
much fear of deportation even
among Latin Americans who have
lived in Texas for 20 years or long,
er. Many persons are unable to pre
sent the required records because
papers were lost or never were
made, Penrose stated.
— tpa —
Action taken by state Republican
leaders at a session here December
7 may have important bearing on-
the top 1954 political campaigns.
Law requires the party to nomi-
nate its candidates in a primary,
since it crossfiled Governor Allan
Shivers last year and polled more
than 200,000 votes for him.
Republicans would vote on the
same day as the Democratic pri-
mary.
— tpa —
GOP leaders had favored a strat-
egy of opposing Democratic candi-
dates who appeared vulnerable or
any who held views contrary to the
Republicans.
National committeeman J a c k
Porter of Houston had previously
stated that the GOP would have an
(See “HIGHLIGHTS,”*Page 4)
Mayor Hofheinz
Will Speak To
Rotary Thursday
Mayor Roy Hofheinz of Houston
will be the guest speaker at the
Rotary Club meeting at the Green
Lantern on Thursday, December 10.
Mayor Hofheinz, invited to Pa-
lacios by Dr. Norman E. Runyon,
president of the Palacios Chamber
of Commerce, will address the Port
Lavaca Chamber of Commerce that
night.
Mayor Hofheinz will be met at
luncheon and taken on a tour o!
Palacios.
Rotary members are urged tc
invite guests for this special oc
casion.
Industry And Water
Shortage Discussed
In Texas Almanac
the big pro and con of present
Texas economic development, ac-
cording to the 1954-55 edition oi
the Texas Almanac, just publisher
by The Dallas Morning News.
Net value of Texas manufacture.-.
the last two years has bpen in thi
building of great new chemical
tion of big interior plants such a:
the $100,000,000 aluminum plant
at Daingerfield. The manufacture
of sulphur from sour gas is an ex-
panding industry in West Texa-
and Panhandle fields.
A water shortage affected mori
than 100 large and small cities and
towns during the 1951-53 drouth
But by the middle of 1953 there
were 525 reservoirs completed oi
under construction with a total
capacity of 30,000,000 acre-feet
with something like 10,000,000
acre-feet capacity on the engi-
neer’s drawing boards. The presen
total annual water consumption oi
Texas is eight to nine million
acre-feet. This is only two per cent
of the volume of water precipitated
annually on Texas’ surface.
Not under the weather chaptet
is a wet-dry map of the state, show-
ing prohibition as against liquor,
beer-wine and beer territory. Mo-'
of the area of Texas is dry. Most
of the population, however, reside
in wet territory.
Texts of both Federal and State
Constitutions are included with
latest amendments. Principal fed-
eral and all state and county of-
ficials are named. There are more
than 10,000 names of individuals
in public and private life. There is
a summary of laws of the 53rd
Legislature.
Texas rail, truck-bus and air
commerce reached a new high in
both freight and passenger busi-
ness. At 47 commercial airports,
PROBABLE STARTING LINE-UP
DEER PARK DEER
PALACIOS SHARKS
Name
Gillette, L.
Manning, A
Reneau, T.
Johnson, D. 163
170
Wl.
160
197
165
Guttenberg-er
Seaman, N. 223
Bolling, D. 162
Bowers, H. 166
Walton, B. 160
Foltyn, B...........152
Wratislaw, C. 202
Coach: R. C. Shelton
Assistant: Don Heft
No.
30
44
43
39
40
45
26
36
38
33
34
Pos.
LE
LT
LG
C
RG
RT
RE
QB
HB
HB
FB
No.
24
31
18
19
28
32
38
22
13
10
26
Wt. Name
135 Parish, D.
177 Wolters, L.
145 Daniel, J.
147.........Rider, D.
150............Tolar, G.
165 Cain, L.
142 Carpenter, J.
166 Blount, S.
118 Wallace, E.
130 Harris, J.
150........McLean, F.
Coach: Travis Hughes
Assistant: C. W. Hendrix
PALACIOS RESERVES
No.
Name
Pos.
20
Ware, C.
......Guard
21
Beard, D. .....
.....Back
22
Martinez, P.
Rack
23
Trevino, ........
Back
24
Foltvn, .T.
Guard
25
Beard, J........
..........End
27
Dunn, E.
. Guard
28
Simpson, C.
......Guard
29
Kimball, J.........
.....Center
31
Partain, B.......
Guard
32
Smith, L...........
End
35
Blackwell, N. ..
.......Back
37
Blackwell, D.
Back
41
Carroll, E.....
.....End
DEER PARK RESERVE
\o.
Nsm«
Pos.
11
Steambarge, J.
12
Dunn. C..........
End
14
Dietrich, B.
.......Back
15
Pace, M.
End
16
Clipper, G.
Thompson, R.
Back
17
End
21
Philpot, J.........
Center
20
Moore, W.
Guard
23
Stover, R.
Back
25
Henderson, W.
......Back
27
Tunstall, W.
.....Tackle
29
Crockett, R.
Back
30
Caldwell, R.......
Tackle
33
Broom, E...........
.....Tackle
34
Stephenson, B
.....Tackle
35
McIntosh, D.
Guard
36
Watkins, W.
37
Thompson, R.
End
39
Henderson, J.
......Guard
40
Otto, C.............
Guard
l
w*.
128
130
138
130
130
162
136
165
164
162
150
162
155
150
GRASSY POINT
wt.
143
145
128
13r
13f
14f
167
120
154
174
186
170
1CC
165
19f
133
152
135
166
200
Accountant To Speak
To Farmers On Taxes
J. L. Carson, public accountant,
will talk on “Farm Income Taxes’
at 7:30 p.m. Monday. December 7
at the high school.
All farmers and ranchers and
any other interested citizens are in-
vited to attend. Mr. Carson will
answer questions after his talk.
The meeting is sponsored by the
Tres-Palacios Farmers and Cattle-
men’s Association.
on appreciable scale. The new Tex-
as Almanac lists all oil-producing
counties with latest annual produc-
tion, and also total production
from time of first discovery until
the present.
There is a complete summary of
the latest census reports, showing
details by counties. All county
articles are rewritten and all coun-
1,887,817 pasengers were enplaned ty detailed maps redrawn showing
in the last year reported with especially the details of farm-to-
91,631 for foreign destinations. | market and local road paving.
Texas is one of the great military | Miscellaneous items include a
centers of the woild with its his-; list of Texas tornadoes, 1893-1953,
toric Fort Sam Houston, its Brook j
Field medical base, largest in the j
world at San Antonio, its great
Naval Air training base at Corpus
Christi, and more than 100 other |
installations.
By LORRAINE BASFORD
compiled by the U. S. Weather
Bureau, a comprehensive list of
Texas historic places, principal dis-
eases of Texas crops, characteris-
tics of Texas’ twenty principal cot-
ton varieties and where they are
of
Texas mineral production values j grown, and tens of thousands
in 1953 are calculated at $3,720 -1 other interesting facts and figures.
000,000, greatest in history, and In the preface is an article on the
twice as great as the value for any ownership and control of The Dal-
year preceding 1946. Of Texas 254 las News, publisher of the Texas
counties, 185 produce oil or gas Almanac.
Help Fight TB
Buy Christmas Seals
C. C. Atchley was in Palacios
over Thanksgiving holidays with
his family, and tqld about catch
400 trout in a few hours at Port
Isabel off new causeway that goes
to Padre Island. He and three
friends got to causeway about 11
p.m. and hung three lanterns on
side of boat. Silver side minnows
collected so fast they looked like
worms in the water. While the fel-
lows were rigging their poles the
trout began to gather. With only
two quarts of live bait they brought
in 400 medium sized trout by 2 a.m
Incidentally, Mr. Atchley said
there are lots of ducks, geese, and
pin tails near Pt. Isabel. Also that
hunters are getting their limit of
Red head ducks.
H. A. Hindman and wife of Hous-
ton really had tough luck on Thurs-
day. They were out in their boat
and really catching the trout “out
in the Bay.” The stringer which
hung over the hoat was heavy with
trout and one big drum. The loop
holding the stringer came loose,
and all the trout beyond the drum
on the stringer were “gone trout”
by the time Mr. Hindman discover-
ed the mishap. One trout weighed
four pounds. At least the fish
might be thankful they didn’t end
up in a frying pan that day.
Myron Spree did not mention his
fishing spot, but Thursday morn-
ing, he caught a six pound and
one rat red, also 14 trout averag-
ing two pounds each.
Mrs. Clarence Padgett has her
Brother John Highberg and friend
“Junior” Fontnot of Port Arthur
as her guests for a week. Junior
had never caught any big fish, so
the first day he was here, John
took him up in front of the Foley
Addition where he got a 2 Vi pound
red. Thursday Leonard Kunefke,
John and Junior went to Turtle
Creek coming in with 33 nice big
trout. Then, Saturday, they brought
in three of the largest red fish re-
ported this week from peninsula.
All three weighed about 10 pounds
each. Clarence Padgett Sr. went
floundering Saturday night in front
of Grassy Point, getting three large
flounders.
Carl Jennings of Ft. Worth, got 15
big trout at Caraneahua on Friday.
Monday, his catch was one eight
pound red and a three pound trout.
Mr. and Mrs. W. B. Jaynes of
Houston, tried fishing in the Bay
on Thursday, without getting a nib-
ble. Friday, they tried Powder Horn
Lake near Indianola, and got nine
pretty specs. They also got a nice
string on Saturday.
Melvin Motal landed 40 medium
sized trout while fishing near sand
flats by Wilson Creek.
J. R. Nicholson of Houston, fish-
ed near “Spoil Pile” Saturday, get-
ting 20 good sized trout. Sunday,
he got 10 trout, but said he had to
go all over the bay as they were so
scattered.
Anton Strarup, with his son and
daughter, from Danevang, caught
15 specs at Army Pier.
Saturday, Boyd Light and Ted
Sawyer waded out at Shell Pile,
and brought in 32 trout on their
stringer. Sunday, they got 15 near
the hospital. Ted said they were do-
ing alright until porpoises began
playing around, so tbnt ended the
fishing at that spot.
K. A. Wickham tried Allen’s Slip
Sunday, getting what he called a
few nice trout. The few were four
teen nice ones.
Sunday morning, 30 big rods
some weighing five, six, and eighf
pounds were brought into Grassy
Point by E. E. FJdward, Albert
Olsen, W. E. Jbnes, E. F. Waits,
and Curley Everett all of Rock
Island Texas. iTicy got the reds,
along with 15 t JSput at Feninsula.
DEER PARK DEER MEET PALACIOS
AT SHARK FIELD FOR REGIONAL
Small Harris County Team Average Only
148 Pounds Per Man; Victors In 11 Starts
The Deer Park Deer, bi-district
champions over A & M Consolidat-
ed and the Palacios Sharks, victors
over the Boerne Greyhounds, will
meet at Shark Field Friday at 8
p.m. for regional honors.
The Sharks, coached by R. C.
“Sharkey” Shelton and champs of
District 27-A, will meet the unde-
feated Deer on the gridiron for the
first time in history of the two
schools. As a matter of fact, this
is the first regional or, play-off
contest at Sharks Field. Palacios
has suffered two non-district de-
feats at the hands of West Colum-
bia and Sweeny this season.
Deer Park, which will average
only 148 pounds per man, works
from the T-formation with Quar-
terback Sam Blount pitching out
to speedy Jerry Harris. In defeat-
All reserve seat tickets must
be picked up at the high school
by 1 p.m. Friday, according to
Principal W. E. Sullivan. If not
picked up by then, they will go on
sale at the gate before the game.
Plenty of standing room tickets
will be available at $1.25 each at
the gate. It is expected that all
1800 reserve seat tickets will be
sold before kick-off. Some 700
tickets have been sent to Deer
Park.
ing Consolidated, 28-7, the Deer
captured their 11th straight game
for Coach Travis Hughes.
Blount scored ten points for the
Deer in the A & M contest. Harris,
Buddy McLean and Leon Wolters
each tallied six points. Deer Park
scored in the opening quarter as
Harris circled end for the score
after a 51 yard drive. Their final
score came in the fourth quarter
when Luther Cain blocked a Tiger
punt and Leon Wolters recovered
for the score. Blount converted all
four extra points. The 166 pound
Blount scored in the third quarter
after a 66 yard drive.
Tex Kasseii, the Tidehaven Tiger
coach, has been selected by both
coaches as referee for the all irft-
portant contest. Homer Blanton
will umpire; Charlie Anderson will
be the head linesman and Jimnfy
Hallmark, field judge.
The Sharks are expected to be at
full strength for the contest with
the return of reserve center Jerome
Kimball who missed the Boerne
contest because of a back injury.
Hubert Bowers was the only play-
Press box facilities at Shark
Field will be turned over to three
out of town radio stations and
visiting newspaper men for the
regional contest. Space will be
awarded on a first come, first
serve basis.
er injured in the Boerne game but
he is expected to start in his back-
field position.
“Wc had as good running in the
Boerne contest as we have ever
had,” Coach Shelton related Mon-
day. "Our defense was outstand-
ing in the last half,” he added.
Coach Shelton pointed out that
Wayne Sigler was the Greyhounds’
best runner and Terry Theis, was
remarkable on defense. Tom Reneau
and Nelo Seaman were outstanding
in our line. Deer Park was compar-
ed to the Tidehaven Tigers by
Coach Shelton with Carlos Vacek
and Harris the same type of ball
carriers.
The powerhouse the Deer defense
will try to hault is big Clint Wrat-
islaw, the ‘202 pound crashing
Shark fullback. Wratislaw has
scored 110 points in 11 games this
season, 18 of these coming in the
bi-district clash against Boerne.
Palacios will average 174 pounds
per man in the starting line up.
Deer Park advanced to the state
finals last year where they were
defeated by Wink in the champion-
ship game.
For the interest of local fans, the
parking lot south of the high school
will be open at 6:30 p.m. if the
weather permits. The Hornets as
usual will operate the lot.
The winner of the local game
Friday night will meet the winnei
of the Crystal City vs. Lyford con-
test at Crystal City Friday night.
SCOOP
By VERNON L. DAVIS
LOT OPEN—The parking lot south
of the high school will open at
6:30 p.m. Friday if the weather
permits. The Hornets as usual will
operate the lot.
TOWN TIMEPIECE—Horrell the
Jeweler will soon install n two
way clock in front of his store on
Main Street. The clock will face
east and west, giving motorist an
easy view of the time.
1911 STORM—In the December
issue of the Baptist Training
Union magazine, E. E. Lee, then
secretary of the organization, tells
about the 1911 storm which struck
Palacios and flooded the grounds.
NEW ADDITION—A temporary
addition is being made to the
Sharks Field press box for the Deer
Park-Palacios game Friday. School
officials have suggested the present
facilities will be enlarged for nexl
season. Let’s hope this is true.
ON SATURDAY—The local post
office will be open all day on both
Saturdays before Christmas, De-
cember 12 and 19. Doors will be
open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
BIG FEED—Coach and Mrs. R. C-
Shelton and Coach Don Heft will
attend the Gulf Coast Officials and
Coaches Banquet at Victoria on
Monday, December 7. The occasion
will honor the all-district team on
which Palacios placed six boys.
TALENT ON PARADE—Be sure
to attend the Alapha Club talent
show at the Central Elementary
School on Tuesday, December 8.
Tickets which sell for 60 cents foi
adults, 25 cents for children, will
be on sale at the door and in the
downtown district Saturday.
Grid Banquet Set
For December 12
g. r/Vy got
15 llvut at 1
ju
L
The annual high school and jun-
ior high school football banquet
has been set for Saturday, Decem-
ber 12.
Future Homemakers of America
will serve at the banquet which
is to be held at the Central Ele-
mentary Cafeteria starting at 7:30
p.m.
The menu v/ill be shrimp, salad,
potatoes, and dessert. Anyone want-
ing to donate shrimp or potatoes
to the school, contact Principal J.
G. Smith at the junior high.
No speaker has been arranged
FIRST PREDICTION—It is not
often we go out on a limb and
predict the score of a crazy mixed
up football game but this week at
the request of many fans we will
pick the Sharks in a 19-14 upset
over the Deer. Harold Ratliff, As-
sociated Press Sports Writer states,
“Deer Park is sweeping toward n
return to the finals.”
FLIP COIN—It might be interest-
ing to some fans to know just
how^the regional game coming up
Friday night was arranged for
Shark Field. After a 45 minute
meeting between Deer Park of-
ficials and Superintendent Ralph
Newsom and Principal W. E. Sul-
livan, both sides decided to flip, the
winner taking the game for his
home field. Deer Park wanted the
game for its home stadium and
Palacios was seeking a neutral
site. Freeport was mentioned as the
meeting drew to n dead lock and a
flip was necessary. Newsom flipped
the coin, a Deer Park representa-
tive called it heads, it fell tails and
the game was set for Shark Field.
Alapha Club Talent
Show December 8
The Alapha Club Talent Show
will headline some 20 entertainer*
at the Central Elementary Audi-
torium on Tuesday, December 8.
Such acts as dancing, singing and
(•ommercials will be featured with
Carl Clayton as master of cere-
monies.
Tickets are 60 cents for adults
and 25 cents for children. They
may be obtained from any member
of the club, at the door before the
show or in the downtown area on
Saturday.
Profits will be used for chari
table and civic work.
Olen S. Miles Is
Appointed Baptist
Camp Manager
Olen S. Miles, 46, is the new
business manager of the Texas
Baptist Encampment Grounds.
Miles, a former superintendent
of the South Texas Children’s
Home at Beeville, has laid out a
program of (■amp improvements
such as a new fence around the
grounds, new sewerage system, a
new entrance gate and remodeling
of all camp houses whieh has al-
ready started.
He will book camp engagements
as well as fill speaking requests
and general contact work. He is an
ordained deacon.
Before accepting the superinten-
dent’s job at Buckner’s Boys Ranch
at Burnet, he wsa the only known
ordained layman associationa! mis-
sionary.
Miles calls the state capital
Austin, his home.
Tidehaven Tigers
Placed Seven On
All-District Team
The Tidehaven Tigers, champions,
of District 34-B, placed seven play-
ers on the all-district team.
Placing an end, tackle, guard,
center and three backfield stars
found Bloomington placing one and
Hallettsville three players.
The complete team is as follows:
ends, Vincent Fromen, Tidehaven
and Floyd Whitfield, Bloomington;
tackles, Wilbur Vacalavick, Tide-
haven and Max Spanihel, Halletts-
ville; guards, Eugene Saha, Tide-
haven and Melvin Grones, Halletts-
ville; center, Odis Anderson Tide-
haven and backs, Carlos Vacek,
Billy Black, and Emil Sliva, Tide-
haven and Dennis Janak, Halletts-
ville.
Foley Addition Opens
New Housesite Unit
Unit number three of the Bay
Shore Homesites, Foley Addition, is
now open offering all the modern
conveniences of the city.
Over 50 building sites are avaiV-
able and almost any size lot may be
obtained. Street signs have been in-
stalled and streets not shell will be
done so in a short time.
Wednesday afternoon workmen
began laying 3000 feet of four inch
pipe to be connected to city water
lines on Highway 35. Natural gas
has already been installed.
At the present time there are 12
houses on the first two units and
12 additional lots have been sold
in unit three, Ruel Foley said.
In the near future the addition
will enjoy fire protection as plugs
are to hp installed on the new wa-
ter main.
Bay City Merchant
Speaks To Rotary
Aaron Greenberg, Bay City mer-
chant, was guest of Dr. E. B. San-
ford and speaker at the Rotary Club
at noon Wednesday.
Greenberg told of his recent trip
to the Holy Land and “Christiani-
ty and Religion in Europe.”
Fifteen local members were in
attendance with the following visi-
tors, Dr. R. J. Roenier, James E.
Weiner and Bill Massey of the Port
Lavaca Club.
An attendance of 78.95 per cent
was announced by Secretary L. A.
House.
Rev. Logan Cockrum, in charge
of the program next week, an-
nounced the club would meet on
Thursday, December 10 in order to
hear Roy Hofheinz, mayor of Hous-
ton.
Barbecue Benefit To
Help Buy Scoreboard
The Harmony Club has taken as
their project the job of raising
money for an electric football score
board at Shark Field.
To start their drive off, the club
will sponsor a barbecue at the Cen-
tral Elementary School Cafeteria
from 5 to 7:45 p.m. Friday. Plates
will sell for $1.00 each.
It is hoped that many fans will
enjoy their dinner with the Har-
mony Club before the regional
clash with Doer Park.
Profit from this occasion will go
into the scoreboard fund.
The Weather
Date
Max.
Min
Prec.
Nov.
25
75°
43°
0.00
Nov.
26
70°
40°
0.00
Nov.
27
78"
53°
0.00
Nov.
28
79°
58°
0.00
Nov.
29
78°
58°
0.03
Nov.
30
69°
59°
0.00
Doc.
1
76°
63°
0.90
Dec.
2
78°
66°
0.00
mmm
mmsssasmm
Upcoming Pages
Here’s what’s next.
Search Inside
This issue can be searched. Note: Results may vary based on the legibility of text within the document.
Tools / Downloads
Get a copy of this page or view the extracted text.
Citing and Sharing
Basic information for referencing this web page. We also provide extended guidance on usage rights, references, copying or embedding.
Reference the current page of this Newspaper.
Davis, Vernon L. Palacios Beacon (Palacios, Tex.), Vol. 46, No. 49, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 3, 1953, newspaper, December 3, 1953; Palacios, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth523526/m1/1/: accessed July 18, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu.; crediting Palacios Library.