The Jacksboro Gazette (Jacksboro, Tex.), Vol. 63, No. 9, Ed. 1 Thursday, July 30, 1942 Page: 2 of 8
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Tffl^ TArKSROPO CA7ETTE
.
WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS
International Court and Police Force
For Postwar World Envisioned by Hull;
Nazi Drive Increases Russia’s Peril;
Rommel Stymied by Allied Air Power
<EDlTOK'8 NOTE: Whfn opinions are expressed in these columns, they are those of
Western Newspaper Onion's news analysts and not necessarily of this newspaper.)
Released by Western Newspaper Union.
Maj. Gen. Carl Spaatz, chief of the American air forces in the Euro-
pean theater of action (left), pins the Distinguished Service Cross on Maj.
Charles C. Kegelman. Taking part in a recent bombing raid on enemy
airfields in Holland, Kegelman brought his ship back safely after one
motor was wrecked and a wing damaged in fighting with German ail
forces.
POSTWAR WORLD:
Hull Envisions
When silvery-haired Cordell Hull
broadcast an appeal for a safe and
saner postwar world, it was clear
that a majority of Americans
agreed with his thesis that the peace
as well as the war must be won
by the United Nations if future
chaos is to be avoided.
In an address heard around the
world, the secretary of state made
these points:
1. The United Nations’ immedi-
ate problem is to win the war—de-
cisively.
2. After the war surveillance must
be exercised over Germany, Japan,
Italy and their satellites by the
United Nations until the aggressors
prove their willingness and abil-
ity to live at peace with other
nations.
3. Disputes must be settled by
peaceful means. An international
court of justice would provide re-
spect for law and obligations.
4. Freedom is to be assured by
removal of economic and political
shackles. Errors of extreme nation-
alism that caused the present war
must be avoided.
EGYPT:
Air Power Tells
It had become increasingly clear
that air power was assuming a de-
cisive role in the fight for Egypt.
Steady reinforcements of the British
air arm had enabled the Imperials
to launch an offensive along the 35-
mile front from El Alamein on
the Mediterranean to the Quattera
marshes, paced by an RAF on-
slaught that drove Nazi planes from
the sky.
The British drive dislodged the
Nazis from oft-disputed Tel el Eisa
(Hill of Jesus) in the north and suc-
ceeded in making considerable head-
way along the center.
Activity by the Allies had followed
a week-long assault by American
and British planes and British war-
ships on the North African coastal
highway on which German Marshal
Rommel had rushed reinforce-
ments to offset the capture of 6,000
Italians on the Egyptian front in
previous engagements. In raids
covering 275 miles of Rommel’s ex-
posed supply route, British planes
virtually wiped out the El Daba air-
port near the Egyptian lines.
REQUIEM:
For U-Boat Crete
Burial with military honors is the
hope of friend or foe alike, if death
in battle is the fighting man’s lot.
Thus a tradition sanctioned by the
ages was followed when the bodies
of 29 German submarine crew mem-
bers were buried in Hampton, Va.
The victims were the first enemy
dead to be landed on American
Shores since the beginning of the
war.
The bodies and a few empty life
jackets were all that remained afloat
after a destroyer on Atlantic patrol
sank the U-boat. The same honors
were accorded the enemy as Ameri-
cans might wish for their own dead,
if the circumstances were reversed.
Navy chaplains read the requiem.
A navy firing squad fired a salute of
three volleys. A navy bugler sound-
ed taps.
RUSSIAN FRONT:
‘Terrible Days’
The gravity of the Russian situa-
tion could not be underestimated
and no attempt was made to belittle
its seriousness. Germany’s report of
the fall of Rostov emphasized the
crisis.
As the sorely pressed Russians
guarding the approaches to the
Caucasus and the Volga river had
fallen back before the million-man
German army smashing its way
southeast down the Don river valley,
the Soviet army organ, Red Star,
said frankly: “Terrible days face
the country.” It called upon the
fighting men of Russia to emulate
the example of 28 Red soldiers, who
in the defense of Moscow last win-
ter, died fighting a tank charge with
little more than their bare hands.
The speed of the new Nazi drive
against the Reds’ celebrated de-
fense-in-depth technique was be-
lieved to be due to the Germans’
use of a crushing, mass maneuver
which employed monster tanks, ar-
mored trains, heavy mortars and an
unprecedented concentration of air
power.
Only comforting note in the bleak
picture was the success of Russian
soldiers in regaining ground far to
the north in their counter-offensive
around Voronezh. By turning the
Nazis back here, Marshal Timoshen-
ko might be able to take some of
the pressure off Red forces in the
deep South who had fought with
their backs to the wall in defense
of Rostov.
U. S. CASUALTIES:
Show War’s Trend
Casualty figures released by the
Office of War Information revealed
that the navy’s losses since Pearl
Harbor were 15 times greater than
for the entire span of World War I.
The OWI’s statistics disclosed na-
val casualties thus far totaling 12,-
143 compared with 871 in the first
World war. The current casualties
included 3,420 killed; 1,051 wounded
and 7,051 missing. Those of World
War I included 356 killed in action;
58 died of wounds and 456 lost at
sea.
The army’s losses in the present
war, were placed at 19,767. These
included 902 killed; 1,413 wounded
and 17,452 missing. That the Phil-
ippine Scouts trained under General
MacArthur had given a heroic ac-
count of themselves was indicated
by casualties listing 479 killed; 754
wounded and 11,000 missing.
Casualties for all services were
placed at 44,413.
"The bulk of the army casualties
fall into the category of missing,”
the OWI said.
FEMININE ARMY:
W A AC Trains Hard ,
Every morning at 5:45 a. m. from
now until next November 9, 800
members of the newly organized
Women’s Auxiliary Army corps will
leap from their army cots to begin
a crowded day of drills, lectures
and training at their camp at Fort
Des Moines, Iowa.
By November 9, America’s first
feminine army of occupation will
begin to spread out to 19 forts
throughout the country to relieve
men in the armed forces for active
combat duty.
HIGHLIGHTS • • . in the week’s news
LONDON: The British informa-
tion service said that British women
are now nearly 100 per cent mobil-
ized. Of 15,800,000 women between
the ages of 18 and 64, the dfeency
said. 7,500.000 are doing full time
jobs in war production. About 870,-
000 others are disabled and 5,500,-
000 arc taking care of families.
Many others are serving in the aux-
iliaries of the army and navy.
WASHINGTON: The importance
of the $100,000,000 fish industry to
the nation’s wartime food supply
was stressed by President Roose-
velt as he appointed Secretary of In-
terior Harold L. IckesTo he
co-ordinator. Acting under his war-
time powers, the President created
the co-ordination office for the pur-
pose of “developing and assuring
sustained production."
JAPANESE:
Mixed Tidings
Taking their first offensive action
in the southwest Pacific since their
disastrous defeat in the Battle of
the Coral Sea last May, the Japanese
landed an invasion force at Buna,
100 miles directly across the east-
ern arm of New Guinea from Port
Moresby, last Allied outpost of Aus-
tralia.
A Melbourne communique report-
ed that United Nations planes had
attacked the invasion fleet and sank
a large transport and barge, but
did not prevent the landing.
On the Chinese front the Japs did
not have such happy tidings to re-
port to Tokyo. First item of bad
news was the recapture by Chinese
armies of Kienteh, a key point south-
west of Hangchow. Second item
was a report that United States
bombers had sunk two Japanese na-
val craft on the Fu river in Kiangsi
province.
Meanwhile along the Hangchow-
Nanchang railway the Nipponese in-
vaders were being constantly har-
assed by Chinese guerillas. The
official Central News agency dis-
closed that Chinese farmers had been
armed with 30,000 rifles in each
county of western and southern Che-
kiang province. They are organized
into units strong enough to destroy
small enemy detachments. If su-
perior Japanese forces approach,
they withdraw, leaving their villages
stripped.
ANTI-INFLATION:
OP A Gets $120,000,000
Price Administrator Leon Hender-
son was given $120,000,000 with
which to fight inflation, when the
house of representatives agreed to
adopt a conference committee’s rec-
ommendations to compromise its
differences with the senate.
The outspoken Henderson thus got
$75,000,000 less for financing his op-
erations than he had originally asked
for, but actually $45,000,000 more
than the house had first voted. Po-
litical wiseacres observed that the
result was simply an illustration of
the old game of give and take. Hen-
derson had first asked for more than
he expected, the house first voted
less than he actually needed. The
finale was a compromise satisfac-
tory to all.
WAR PROFITEERING:
Halted by House
Drastic steps to curb wartime
profiteering were taken when the
house of representatives passed a
bill outlawing commission fees on
government contracts, after Chair-
man Carl Vinson declared that
agents, obtaining war contracts for
manufacturers were "fleecing Amer-
ican taxpayers.”
Testimony presented previously to
the house naval committee had dis-
closed that three Washington firms
of so-called “sales engineers” had
earned close to $2,000,000 in com-
mission fees on government con-
tracts in the past six months.
LEAHY:
‘Eyes and Legs’
Called from retirement to the
newly created position of chief of
staff to the Commander in Chief,
was Adm. William Daniel Leahy,
former chief of naval operations and
more recently ambassador to Vichy
France.
With all the world discussing the
prospects of the United States and
Britain opening a second front in
ADMIRAL WILLIAM D. LEAHY
Europe this year, the appointment
of Admiral Leahy to the new posi-
tion was hailed as significant of su-
preme efforts ahead. Regarded as
an able strategist, Admiral Leahy,
in the words of President Roosevelt,
will serve as “his eyes and legs and
relieve him of many detail duties.”
The Chief Executive, however,
made it clear that Leahy would not
be supreme commander of the Unit-
ed Nations’ forces, or even of Amer-
ican forces. Although Mr. Roose-
velt did not use the term, it ap-
peared that the admiral would be-
come an assistant commander in
chief, ranking all naval and mil),
tary officers but the President.
AIR LEVIATHANS:
Aid War Effort
Giant airplanes shuttling across
the seven seas carrying men and
materials for the world’s fighting
fronts will become an increasingly
important arm of Uncle Sam’s serv-
ice of supply, it was disclosed by
Brie. Gen Harold L'. Genian —nm-
manding the air tj
who announced t}
rely on commj
crate greatly]
transport dIi
New Unity Given French
As U. S. Pledges Its Aid
State Department Declaration Gives Added
Hope to Struggling People in Resisting
Nazi Oppression.
By BAUKHAGE
News Analyst and Commentator.
WNU Features, 1343 H Street, N. W.,
Washington, D. C.
Half way between July 4, Amer-
ica’s Independence day, and July
14, the anniversary of the accept-
ance of the French constitution,
there falls a date that some day
may be celebrated as a milestone
in Franco-Ameriean history.
On July 9, 1942, the United States
government in a cautiously worded
statement “recognized” what was
described as “the Contribution of
General de Gaulle and the work of
the French National Committee in
keeping alive the spirit of French
traditions and institutions.”
The announcement made by
Secretary of State Hull pledged
“the lending of all possible mili-
tary assistance to the French
National committee as a symbol
of French resistance in general
against the Axis powers.”
The important phrase in that sen-
tence, perhaps in the whole docu-
ment, is “resistance in general.”
Packed into those three words is
the picture of a group of men who
until July 9 had been carrying on
one of the most tragic struggles in
the history of France, carrying it
on without much help or hope from
the Allies. New life, new hope be-
gan for the French forces of “re-
sistance” against Germany.
It brought new unity to a move-
ment of French patriots scattered
over the face of the earth.
Few people realized it, but
this guarded action of the'state
department probably laid the
first solid paving stone in the
road that will one day lead to
Berlin.
Of course, very little can be said
of what the “Free French” move-
ment means where it is vitally im-
portant—within France.
But it is claimed that an almost
perfect intelligence system is now
operating within France. The Ger-
mans know that what they do and
frequently what they plan cannot
be concealed from the French if it
takes place in France.
Immediately after the fall of
France, Frenchmen spontaneously
began “resistance.” That resist-
ance has now been definitely or-
ganized and is directed from Lon-
don by De Gaulle although groups
in France work in separate chan-
nels. There are three main organ-
izations: Liberation Francais; Com-
bat; and Frenc-Tireurs.
The first form of “resistance” to
the Germans was the appearance of
little printed labels on walls, on
automobiles, on boxes and lamp
posts. Just short messages attack-
ing the Germans, calling for resist-
ance. Then the courageous met and
found ways and means to help each
other or help agents of the Allies
to thwart the Germans. The more
aggressive began to steal dynamite
and blow up shops and railways.
Labor Unions Unified
By this time General De Gaulle
had gathered bout him leaders and
organizers. They were soon able
to get in and out of France and the
organization work began.
I am informed that for the
first time in history the French
labor unions have become uni-
fied and are working together
solidly. The old socialist party /■'
has been reformed, the old lead-
ers have been displaced and the
group bears the name of the
young socialist party. Naturally
the communists are now co-
operating fully.
The “resistance” inside France is
carried on by groups and individu-
als of every social and political
stratum.
Even the recognition of the Free
French as the de facto governors of
the Pacific islands, African posses-
sions and the islands of Pierre and
St. Miquelon off Newfoundland still
left the Free French movement as
a whole, outside the pale of co-
operation. All this time the repre-
sentatives of Vichy remained in
their embassy in Washington but the
representatives of the National
Committee (Free French) took
headquarters in an office building.
Indirectly they were aided financial-
ly because an arrangement was
made whereby American lease-lend
supplies furnished to Great Britain
could, at the discretion of the Eng-
lish, be advanced to the Free
French. But the French movement
lacked moral support, the organiza-
tion within France still felt that it
was working with little British sup-
port and almost none from the Unit-
ed States. In fact we seemed to be
playing ball with the other side—the
Vichy side.
The preparation for the inva-
sion of France has now begun
with new zeal.
The Free French have complete
plans under way, for establishing
civilian government in territory
which will be occupied by the Allied
forces. This is essential for when
the invasion comes a certain amount
of chaos is expected at first and
co-operation between an invading
force and the civilian population is
essential. Organization for this co-
operating is beginning.
The United States government did
not recognize General De Gaulle as
the head of the French state. But
according to representatives of Free
France in Washington the official
recognition of their group as “the
symbol” of “resistance in general”
was a powerful forward step in giv-
ing new sinews to the effective Al-
lies of the United Nations inside
France, paving the way for a suc-
cessful opening of the second front.
It brings the first real hope since the
fall of France for the rebirth of the
nation.
• • •
Easier Now to Look
Backward, Not Forward
Perhaps because a person can’t
look very far ahead these turbulent
days a lot of people are beginning to
look backward. At least that is the
opinion of Conklin Mann, who re-
cently traced the geneology of
Franklin Roosevelt and Winston
Churchill back to a common ances-
tor who came over on the Mayflower
and then discovered that General
MacArthur was related to both of
them.
Mann was in Washington recently
and he had a number of interesting
things to say about family trees.
He is really an advertising man but
his hobby has made him an expert
and he is now the editor of the
“Record,” published by the New
York State Geneological society.
“The United States has al-
ways been pedigree conscious
about its cattle, horses, pets and
virtually all growing crops,”
Mann said to me. “Now, the
war is making us pedigree- *
conscious about ourselves. With
countries and peoples involved
in the struggle or seriously af-
fected by it, the whole country
is ‘root conscious.’ ”
Mann believes that the reason for
the renewed interest in the subject
of geneology is that the stupendous
turmoil through which the world is
going has sent people back to funda-
mentals and, he says: “All roots are
fundamentals.”
“Just having lived in this country
a lot of generations doesn’t make a
man an American,” said Mann.
“Two great influences have made
America what it is today.
“One is a philosophy of life that
we define as the American Way—a
broad, liberal, generous policy of
freedom of thought and action for
the individual. The second thing is
the flesh and blood men and women
who have had the stamina to build
up and defend the American Way.
“An American in the true sense
of the word is anybody who under-
stands the American Way, lives by
it and supports it with his full energy
and life.”
“Establishment of the blood rela-
tionship of Churchill and Roosevelt,”
says Mann, “makes the charac-
ters themselves that much more in-
teresting and bringing to light de-
tails of their family history makes
the nation’s history that much
richer.
“And now comes the added dis-
covery that the popular hero, Gen.
Douglas MacArthur, though a third
generation Scot in family name, is
also related to both Mr. Roosevelt
and Mr. Churchill through his New
England born grandfnother.”
Personally I agree with Mr. Mann.
Geneology is a good thing if we
don’t take the part it has to do with
ourselves toO seriously.
BRIEFS.
. . by Baukhage
Arrangements for the aerial trans-
portation from theaters of war of
Aided by a $75,000 appropriation
from the congress, the bureau of
sick and wounded military person-
nel are being made by the army air
forces, the war department has an-
mines has embarked on more in-
tensive studies of processes devel-
oped by its metallurgists to inor»oc
uuuuceu. n. umi io ue Known as tne
air evacuation group (medical) is
now being organized. It will pro-
vide as complete facilities for treat-
ment in transit as are known to
aero-medical research
tne nation’s output of chrotnium,
the strategic metal used in the
piercing projectiles, high-speed tool
steels and other essentia] war ma-
terials.
A SERIES OF
SPECIAL ARTICLES1
BY THE LEADING
WAR CORRESPONDENTS^
Our Friends
The Greeks
By Frank Gervasi
(WNU Feature—Through special arrange-
ment with Collier’s Weekly.)
King George II of Greece, a mon-
arch temporarily out of a country
but not out of a job, recently visit-
ed the United States. Something of
the debt which the United Nations
owe his tough, liberty-loving people
was told during his visit.
Of all the little nations of be-
wildered Europe that lay in the path
of Axis domination of the doomed
continent, only Greece, after Poland,
loved democracy so well as to fight
for it vigorously enough to call what
happened a war.
It wasn’t war in Holland; it was
murder. It wasn’t war in Belgium;
it was a skirmish. In Poland, des-
perate though the resistance of the
foies had been, the German cam-
paign proved an enormous exercise
in panzer tactics. Only the Greeks
had a war for it.
All took their toll of the enemy.
Holland, Belgium, Poland — even
Norway — cost the Germans and
therefore the Axis many men and
much equipment. But until Russia
entered the war, no foe inflicted
such punishment on the Axis as the
Greeks did upon the Italians, and
later, with the help of the British,
upon the Germans.
You can’t put a calipers on what
Greece did for the cause of democ-
racy and measure it accurately. The
war isn’t over yet. But it might
have been over, had it not been for
the Greeks.
There were Quislings in the Greek
government. King George knew
this. He said so, courageously, at
a cabinet meeting held in the last
days of Athens, just before the
swastika was raised on the Acropolis.
Premier Korizis went out and shot
himself.
Like Lexington and Concord.
But the Gieek people—the goat
herders and the tobacco farmers,
the wine growers and the tenders of
olive groves, the factory workers
and the keepers of wine shops—the
common people of Greece had no
mind to do business with Mussolini
or Hitler. The night the Italians
treacherously descended upon Greece
from their long-established base in
Albania—October 28, 1940—those
people filled the village squares and
the streets with their clamor:
“Down with Fascism!”
It was to have been a victorious
march to Athens for the Italians.
Mussolini’s choice of the date—
October 28—anniversary of his Pull-
man-car march on Rome—indicat-
ed that.
Metaxas, Greek premier, heard
the cries of the people. He was as
shrewd a politician as he was an
able general, perhaps one of the
ablest officers of our times. He
saw and seized the opportunity of
going down in history as a paladin
of democracy rather than a dictator.
He chose to fight.
And what was to have been another
easy victory for Mussolini’s “in-
vincibles,” those veterans of one-
sided battles against unarmed na-
tives in Ethiopia and barehanded
Republicans in Spain, turned into a
catastrophic defeat.
Fascism fed on glory. There was
none for Fascist arms in Greece.
Fascism, gorged on victory, had met
costly defeat in Greece.
It dawned on even the staunchest
Black Shirts with the Greek debacle
that Mussolini was very definitely
not always right.
The decline of the Second Roman
Empire, that may meet its end one
day soon on the sands of Libya, be-
gan in Greece because Greeks loved
freedom well enough to fight for it.
What Greeks Accomplished.
Something more the Greeks ac-
complished. Italy’s mission in the
Axis strategy in the Mediterranean
region was to have been two-fold.
The Fascists were to have marched
to Athens and thereby intimidated
Jugoslavia, where the treacherous
Stoyadinovitch had prepared the
terrain for an Axis coup, into the
New Order lineup. Turkey, which
at the time leaned far toward Ber-
lin, was to have been won over by
this Fascist triumph, and the Fas-
cists were also to have conquered
Egypt.
Hitler attacked the Soviet Union
on June 22, 1941. But Greek resist-
ance in the Balkans, which inspired
rebellion in Jugoslavia and further
complicated matters for the Nazis,
had given Russia another seven
months’ preparation.
Moreover, Hitler was caught on
the Russian plain* hv La.
cause his timetable was thrown off
schedule by the Balkan campaign.
Hitlerism, some believe, may die
in Russia. But if so, It received the
mortal wound in the Balkans at the
hands of the Greeks.
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The Jacksboro Gazette (Jacksboro, Tex.), Vol. 63, No. 9, Ed. 1 Thursday, July 30, 1942, newspaper, July 30, 1942; Jacksboro, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth602280/m1/2/: accessed July 7, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu.; crediting Gladys Johnson Ritchie Library.