The Houston Post. (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 27, Ed. 1 Sunday, June 16, 1912 Page: 51 of 62
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Barrows Garden Barrows JYtieelbarrows for all
purposes A car just unloaded.; Send for tpacial catalog illus
trating and describing our ui of
Pepen Irois
Suffragettes Roasted
By Dr. William Hirsjh
(From the New York Time.) ..
At present the State Is still a society.
In which the unit Is the family. The Hus-
band la legally and morally compelled
to support the family; to protect It; to-
flght for it tlje treat struggle for exis-
tence. The woman has jw sucn obllgf.-
tlons either morally or legally. It Is her
acknowledged right to be -supported. If
however she choses to work herself ah
enjoys exactly theame privileges as the
men. All this various fields of occupa-
tion are open 1-e her the same as tor men:
she has the same rights and thu same
chances.
Ethically women are given precedence
In every walk of life.- The motto: "Ladles
first" Is followed by rich and poor by
young and old. In every imaginable situa-
tion. In spite of all these legal and social
preferences women have opened a regular
campaign not In favor of any particular
octal principal but In favor of their sex
as such. It is a rise of "Woman" against
"Man." In spite of all. their prevailing
preferences women emphasise their
"rights" which of course implies that
they consider themselves wronged.
There are two entirely different Issues
regarding the woman question which
have to be strictly kept ' apart. There-
fore let )ta first consider the one.
As the result of our system of VFree
Competition." the supply of labor has
considerably exceeded the demand so a
great many young men have found them-
selves unable to support a family. Con-
sequently a great many young girls re-
mained single and were compelled to
make their own living. In a remarkably
short time' entire branches of business
work were filled by women almost ex-
clusively. While about thirty years ago
you would not see a single female person
In the business districts of the large cities
you will find today almost as many wom-
en as men.
This "sweeping victory" as It Is often
called Is not due to a superiority or
greater fitness on the part of the women
but to the fact that they offered their
Work at a price with which no man could
compete. They were perfectly satisfied
and even proud. Just to earn their liveli-
hood while every young man had the
'ambition to support a family. Their
"victory" was the same as Jhat of the
Chinese coolie over the ivmerlcan work-
lngman. Very soon a vicious circle was estab-
lished. The more girls applied for work
the more men lost their Jobs and the
fewer men were able to support a family.
But again the fewer men were able to
marry the more girls were compelled to
' Work.
Now try to Imagine what effect It
Would have on our social conditions if
suddenly all women would take part In
the general work. The value of human
labor would sink down to almost nothing.
Hard and difficult as competition is to-
day. It would be doubled In every single
domain of human work. Men and women
would go begging not for bread but for
work. The struggle for existence would
assume awful dimensions. It would be
fight of man against man woman against
woman man against woman and woman
' against man.
This Is one Issue of the great woman
question. It Is in fact only a part of
the general social problem with which
we are confronted. It developed sponta-
neously as the neoeissary Inevitable re-
sult of our system of free competition.
It developed as a necessary evil and will
develop further and further if no means
are found to stop the disastrous current
or divert It Into other channels.
Before we may even dare to hope for
ways and means to alevlate this social
evil It is of course necessary to recog-
nize It as such and realize its true na-
ture. People must clearly understand
that women have been driven to work
and self-support by the result of our so-
tetal system. They must understand that
It never was the work as such which
'made women leave their homes in order
to compete with men that the work
merely was a means to an end namely
to earn the money to support themselves.
. But there we meet with quite a differ-
ent view on this important subject a
Alew which has not remained a mere pas-
sive opinion but whtcli gardually devel-
oped Into an active and vigorous agtta-
itlon thus forming what we may style
the second Issue of the great "woman
question."
As soon as the self-supporting women
began to form a real facto of society a
new species of woman made Its appear-
ance a species of human being which so
far had leen confined to the male sex
exclusively namely the female dema-
gogue. ' Instead of calling the unfortunate evil
by Its right name and looking for means
of relief these unscrupulous agitators
tried and are still trying to make the
world believe that It Is the ardent de-
sire for work as such which caused wom-
en to enter Into competition with men.
They try to make young women look
down with disdain on their natural voca-
tion of life. They are propagating the
ilew doctrine that women have been
kept In unworthy bondage by men that
It 'is time for womanhood to awake from
' It lethargy and take an active part in'
life that there Is and should be no dif-
ference between men and women and
that women should try to eradicate every
trace of difference that still may exist
between the two sexes.
A woman who still finds her happiness
In the love of her husband and children
and who sees the object of her life In the
devotion of her family is called "old
fashioned" and "not up to date' The
"new woman" must look for "higher
alms In life" than waste her time with
her children and keep house for her hus
Why Have " Werves ? n
This is the reason why women hare " iiet.'V Wi thouhti beia to grow
cloudy and nnoertain impulses lag and ths warnings of pain and dutresser ssat
.-Hks flying messages throughout limbs and frame straightway nine rime in tea a
woman will lay the oauss of ths trouble ta mom defect at the point where she first
bit it In it a headache a backache a sensation oi irritability or twitohu and
anoootrollsble nervousness something mustbe wrong with the head er bank a
r woman naturally says but all the time the real trouble 'very often center in the
' womanly organs. In nine eases out of ten the ssat of the difficulty is here end a '
i woman should take rational treatment for its oqrs. The local disorder and fanes. .
nation of the delicate special organs of the sex should be treated steadily and
t tysumntieally. ' "- -k"- VV-.V' v -J .
& Dr. Pleroe during a fcm period of practice ioaad that preserlptioa wade
from sDedicinsl extracts of native roots without the nse of alcohol relieved orer 90 .
per cent of raou oases. After using this remedy lor many year in his private pree- .
ties he put it up in form of Dr. Pierce's Favorite Prescription that would make it
easily procurable end it can be had at any store where medicines are handled. .
vl Mb& Iaa B. Hawktot of Zeus Va wrltetT I had oeen falling fa health
for two years scat of the time was not able to attend to my household duties. '
Female weakness wajuny trouble and I was getting wry bad .but thanks to .Doctor r
rneroedlclne! aa well and strong again. I took only three bottle of ' Faror-
lie Preoption' and used theLoUoa TaWete' I have optfain but praiae for.
"' Doctor Pierce's wondertnl mexUclnes.? y " vr -
TAK8 DR. FIERCE "PLEASANT PELLETS JPOK LIVES ILLS.
.Wheelbarrows.
& Steel Co.
band. Instead of realising the unfor-
tunate condition that a- large number of
young women are compelled to work for
a living they raise the war cry: "We de-
mand labor.". "We demand our full half
of all labor and we will take nothing
less."
One of the grounds on which the agi-
tators claim that women must enter into
competition with men and not be sat-
isfied any longer with staying at home
and devoting themselves to domestic af-
fairs. Is this:
All the domestic occupations which
women had In olden times have gradu-
ally slipped away from them. All the
work that they used to perform with
their hands is nowadays dona in th
great factories by huge machines driven
by steam or electricity. They spin and
weave no longer the cloth nor do they
sew their own or their children's clothes.
The children too. require no longer
the care of their mother. Right after
blrtn they are handed over to a trained
nurse and later they are sent to a
kindergarten and to school. Women
have therefore no occupation any mora
and for this reason "demand their full
share of the labor of society" less they
degenerate as "parasites."
I will not enter too deeply Into the
domestic questions here but It la cer-
tainly not saying too much If I main-
tain that a well balanced household still
keeos a woman pretty busy. In a cer
tain way It has become even much more
difficult than' It was in olden times. Like
everything else this too Mas become
much more compllcted by all the new
demands which were produced by modern
Inventions and discoveries. To do Jus-
tice to all the modern sanitary laws to
procure as many of the modem comforts
as economically as possible and run a
household on such principles Is certainly
not such an easy task. '
For a man to tell women what their
duties are as mothers would be degrad-
ing for the one" as much as for the
other. And who says that such a thing
Is necessary? No! Don't let us Insult
the female sex wa still believe In It.
There are still mothers! Every true
American woman will be Indignant at
the Idea that anything on earth could
replace a mother. What nonsense is that
about the trained nurse the kindergar-
ten etc. That Is merely putting the cart
before the horse. Trained nurses take
charge of the baby when - the mother
wants to devote her time to other" things;
but to turn this around by saying: The
mother must have another occupation
because a trained nurse takes charge
of her chtf&ls utterly absurd. What
mother Is wffllrfg to admit that she Is
Incapable of taking care of her baby.
It is the solemn duty of every woman
who expeets a ohlld to acquire as much
knowledge about this subject as a trained
nurse has which Is by no means diffi-
cult. A woman who is not capable of
doing that has no right to become a
mother and would certainly -not .be able
to do such wonderful work In competition
with men.
What children learn In school . la at the
best only half of what they need for
life. There It Is that they get their In-
tellectual training nhelr sclentlflo knowl-
edge. But where do they acquire their
morals and ethics? Where do they obtain
refinement and tact? Who will watch
over their manners their habits their
emotions?
Is It really possible that a normal wom-
an could shrink from these duties or
that she should prefer to. compete 1
the work of men leaving the care of her
children to strangers? What do you
think of a woman who calls her sisters
"parasites" because they fulfill this holy
duty? Has a true mother and wife reason
to look down with disdain on this her
vocation and to envy the men for their
Struggle and fight?
It is true there are specimens of wo-
man who deserve to be called "para-
sites" but they are far different from
those we JUst described. To call a lov-
ing wife r faithful mother a "para-
site" Is vicious and bad. No it Is the
woman who marries not for love but to
ftet all the luxuries she wished for. She
ooks upon her husband as the person
whose sole duty It Is to work for her and
comply with her demands. 8be has no
other aim In life but to surpass her
friends In fine clothes precious Jewelry
automobiles and every other luxury. She
does not want children and Is careful not
to get any. "1 hate children" she says.
Pregnancy would spoil her slender waist
and the children would be "too much
bother." She gets very soon "sick and
tired of housekeeping. She "hates It."
They move Into a hotel where henceforth
she has nothing to do but spend her hus-
band's money for costly clothes and study
how to have "a good time."
But she gets "awfully tired" of all
the-pleasures of life. Nothing will ap-
peal to her any more. She la tired of
theaters parties traveling. She has
tasted It all but is awfully tired of it.
"Everything Is such a bore!" She is
craving for something new something
exciting. Should she take up horseback
riding? Or Join a bridge club? Or do
"charity work"? It Is all so stale.
"Why not become a suffragette?" sug-
gests a friend to her. What a glorious
Ideal She Joins their army she smashes
windows she walks In parades and for
the present at least she has a real good
time. She considers herself even very
Important which Hatters her vanity and
If she has enough gray substance In her
brain she may even write a book on
"woman's rights."
Do you think it la ths loving mother
the faithful wife who smashes wlndowa
and trots In parades? Oh no! It Is this
type of women who will do these things.
They are the "parasites" of society or
even worse than that but don't you dare
to apply this hateful term to the true
mother and wife the ideal of womanhood.
' (By Edward Marshall In the Msw Tortc
' . ' Times?)
White as a nation we have aceont-
pUshed suoh great things that ws bay
made the world sit up and notice (with a
gasp) we have bean none the less tne
most Inefficient ot all people; while we
bare waxed marvelously rich ws have
been and are a wasteful people; our
greatest problem Is that dealing with
relationships between ths laborer and the
capitalist.
We could with half the effort ws are
putting forth achieve as much ogam;
wa' could keep hard times forever from
this nation without Juggling with the
tariff or tinkering with ' our monetary
system; we could do away with half our
poverty or more and could Increase the
sum of human happinesa In the United
Btates until for sheer good nature we
would break the record of the world It
we-but set ourselves to the performance
of these taaka. Strikes then would be
unknown crime would decrease domes-
tie happiness would shine resplendent
sickneas would be lessened.
These form a partial summary of what
lack of efficiency has done for us and
what efficiency might do according to
a talk two evenings long which I had
recently with Holbrcok Fits' John Por-
ter whose father General Fits John Por-
ter was major general In the Mexican
and civil wars and later commissioner
of pqbllc works of the police and of fire
department In this city.
Holbrook FIU John Porter Is ene of
the leaders of a.profeslson new In the
United States and In the world that or
Industrial engineering which alms Ao
bring Industrial life to a higher stand-
ard of efficiency to make each man and
woman -count to ultimate of value to
stop waste and use rightly every ounce
of energy as well aa every dollar accord-
ing to '"Who's Who In America" Mr.
Porter was New York city born a
graduate of Lehigh university clans of
1878. Before he started on his present
work he put In four years in the Dela-
mater Iron Works In this city then. In
twelve years acted successively as assist-
ant engineer In the rolling mills of the
New Jersey Steel and Iron company as
college engineer and superintendent of
buildings and grounds Columbia univer-
sity: superintendent and engineer of the
Cary & Moon Steel Wire Works; assist-
ant engineer of the World's Fair at Chi-
cago and assistant chief of the machin
ery department In charge of Machinery
hall He has a long record of service
with the Bethlehem Steel company and
has been connected with the Westing-
house company. He Is a lecturer on In-
dustrial Engineering for New York uni-
versity. School of Commerce Accounts
and Finance and In the School of Busi-
ness Administration Harvard university.
He Is a member of the Engineers' club of
New York the Astec club of Washington
the American Society of Mechanical En-
gineers and other learned bodies. He
Initiated and Is now secretary of the
Efficiency society and therefore has the
right to speak with much 'authority on
subjects affecting the Interests of Its
members which represent every Industry
and profession. s
"Nothing is more wasteful or unnec-
essary than antagonism between em-
ployer and employed" he told me "and
strikes have been a National habit with
us. Our employers have not treated their
men well; our employes have often mis-
used their employers. That means ineffi-
ciency inefficiency means waste and
waste means ruin.
"What seems to you as an. efficiency
expert to be most wrong with the United
States?" I asked.
"The fact that we an Industrial "coun-
try are governing ourselves along politi-
cal lines" he answered. "It Is stupid
wasteful Inexcusable. Because of this
there Is more waste and therefore less
effiolency In the United States than else-
where whereas our freedom should In-
sure less waste and more efficiency.
"Even in our Rational congress every
effort Is still being made by some of our
most Important men to malntian the old
Idea of barter and trade which we have
long outgrown; and such shortsightedness
exists not only In our government but In
our private enterprises. Instead of striv-
ing for an Industrial democracy we main-
tain despotisms of capital upon the one
hand of labor on the other.
"Every line of our endeavor evidences
waste. We are wasteful In our homes
our businesses our government."
"And what Is being done?"
"At last we have caught sight of the
handwriting on the wall: businesses are
studying and Interpreting It: It is being
talked out In colleges and civic organi-
sations. It Is none too soon for we
were on the brink . but the time will
come ere many years have passed when
there will bo n general reorganisation ot
practicably all Industrial enterprises
which must Include many of our govern-
mental methods. Lack of It would In-
evitably mean' ruin for the Nation but
the outlook Is very hopeful now. We are
wasting far less raw material than wa
once did.
"We are wasting far more effort than
we ever did however because as life
has grown complex we have not system-
atized it but have let it tangle and con-
fuse us.
"The mere study of efficiency which
Includes elimination of waste has of
late years made hundreds of unprofita-
ble concerns pay dividends and. If car
rled far enough will render the same
service to the enterprises still unorgan-
ized to our city. State and National gov-
ernments. It Is the duty of all men to
forward the idea.
"Some of the Instances of Ineffi-
ciency which I have seen are almost In
conceivable: there are others now as
bad; but they are constantly becoming
fewer and In that Ilea our hope. Our
tremendous steel works and other man-
ufacturing enterprises Sre beginning the
study of efficiency; our railroads are
making great strides In It since a year
ago and It was shown to them that they
could save a million dollars a day.
"Our development Into the world's
most wasteful people came quite log-
ically. Industry In the United States
really had Us start In the middle of the
last century when In 1867 Charles T.
Porter brought Out his high-speed steam
engine at the Industrial exhibition In
London. This had been preceded by the
Corliss engine others followed It and
before the century had reached Its final
quarter we were enabled to engage In
manufacturing without slavery to water
power. Up to that time we had been an
agricultural nation with what factories
we had cloae to streams and oceans nec-
essarily. Water power was essential to
the operation of our mills nearness to
tidewater essential to the transportation
of their product to the foreign markets.
Then as the high powered Steam en-
gine released us from our thraldom to
water power the Bessemer steel process
same along and gave us rails which
solved our transportation problem. With
the steam engines furnishing their pow-
er and the steel rails furnishing their
transportation we could place our fac-
tories close by their raw material. Man-
ufacturing was given a tremendous Im-
petus "But we had no native workmen with
whom to operate1 our factories and so
reached to Europe for Its surplus popu-
lation. We Imported It by shiploads and
with. It and mills and power and raw ma-
terials and transportation we grew
mightily. .
"Then arose another DroHem. We
J had not executives to manage the great
enterpnees wnicn we nan createa. Men
competent to run them were not In ex-
istence. We drafted men of lilgh Intel-
ligence from everywhere and put them
at the tasks which they accomplished
according to the methons they Invented
on the moment's spur. Population now
was pouring In by tens of thousands te
b directed bv Untrained men. lrnorant
or the fundamental principles ot organ-'
uation ana manage menu -
. V'Many ef these managers were sons
ef men who had succeeded In .the early
days under very different conditions and
whose methods which were all they had
to teach their eons did not apply to the
new class of worklngtnen for the new
workers were from the old world where
tbey ; had been accustomed to little short
ef bondage. '
"Without .knowledge how best te
handle suoh 'men our managers discov-
ered it to be among the possibilities to
make things work after a fashion by
simply t limine en the pewer and driving.
T 1 H l.rala m n.K Mnarallv ttnnrant the
Worktngmen did not at first resent this.'
The worm orierea noining in competiuon
with our products and we kept on gain-'
hrg wealth in Spite of all our waste.
We were substituting brute force tor ef-
ficiency. "It was ' Indeed development along
tinea similar to those which governed
man's tribes development In the world's
early ' history. When a Carnegie arose
an industry arose. Elsewhere was In-
dustrial i chaos each man working for
himself. Incompletely and wastefuUy.
That this should give place to the reign
of business monarchies like those re-
sulting when a tribal leader ceased to be
one of the people but placed above them
subehlefs who were responsible tor him
the over-lord was Inevitable.
"And ao the industrial situation chang-
ed as ths political conditions had done.
The leedeas were no longer automatical-
ly evolved from groups by superior quali-
ties but were chosen by the monarchs
and put over the men. When one man la
set above another he will drive him fear-
ins; for his own position If he does not.
"Force always meets force In this
world and .bancs the birth or workers'
organisations or unions. I'nlon leaders
were evolved from their own groups
many of them very able men ; the vast
majority of them naturally hostile defi-
nitely hostile 16 the directors of the In-
dustries in which they were employed
and gsowlng powerful. Almost as soon
as organisations of the workers were ef-
fected organisations of employers were
Inaugurated and hostility was answered
with hostility.
"Thus In ths United States where
at first all had pulled together In the
beat community of Interest the world
had ever seen arose a sort of warfare
employers' unions bsttllng with the
unions of their employee.
"That marked the beginning of the
greatest of .our National Inefficiencies
for many ot these unions became over-
bearing ao that self-respecting men
would not Join some of them aa Is In-
dicated by the fact that now after all
theae years have passed the unions have
a membership of but two million out of
many millions of wage-workers; and
their arrogance and short-sightedness
was met by other arrogance and mors
-short-sightedness upon the part of the
employers.
"Eventually the situation grew to be
Intolerable to both sides and now the
turning point has come In some Instances;
In others It is close at hand; in still oth-
ers It Is obviously on the way. The
labor unions have thrown out or are now
throwing out the 'grafters' and the ad-
vocates of .violence; employers are be-
ginning to see the necessity of Introduc-
ing proper methods of organization and
management not more authority of cap-
ital and of brute force In the manage-
ment of Industry.
"The employer ' who exploits his em-
ployes at a time when they can not buy
butter foV their bread so that he may buy
half-million dollar pictures from the gal-
leries of Europe Is as dangerous as the
worklngman who strikes and fights with
dynamite. Instead of reason to achieve
his point..' Both are Inefficient ana tne
nation which permits Such action on the
part of either la as Inefficient as they
are themselves. "
"But these evils have their usefulness.
Bolls Indicate tlie presenae of . bad . Mood
and thus suggest the use of remedies in
Russia where the lid hss been kept down
there Is real danger; England's present
troubles are the sorrowful result of the
same methods modified. We must not
do these things; we must not permit our
cltliens to try to do them; they do not
spell efficiency and we must be efficient.
"A few years ago I was brought direct-
ly Into contact with one strange outcrop-
ping of this aliment which Is threaten-
ing us so perilously. A friend the presi-
dent of the Fifth Avenue association In
this city came to me complaining of
congestion at the noon hour on the lower
reaches of that thoroughfare. He -commissioned
me to thoroughly investigate
Its causes and suggest a remedy.
"I found the sidewalks practically Im-
passable between 12 and 1 when crowds
of workers came out of the loft-build-lngs
filled by cloak and suit factories.
There were 2000 manufacturers In this
single Industry In the city and 80000
workmen divided among seven unions.
I tried working with the manufacturers
but each said he could do nothing until
all the others acted and I could not get
.at all of them for they were not asso-
ciated In any way and In fact their ex-
istence was not recorded even in the de-
partment of labor. I tried working with
the men with a similar result.
"The history of the Industry was Inter-
esting. Originating on the east side. It
had Included the worst features of the
sweatshop but at flrar had been con-
trolled by American businesswomen. Then
the shrewder and more thrifty of the
workers changed almost over night from
the employe to the employer class start-
ing sweatshops of their own. They had
learned all they knew of organisation and
management from sweaters 'and their
only thought of meeting competition was
to sweat their own employes more vicious-
ly than they themselves had once been
sweated. The result wat that the In-
dustry was running with Intolerable hours
of labor paying wages on which work-
people found mere existence difficult and
being operated In surroundings so Insani-
tary as to be Incredible.
"Then came the stride the worst New
York has ever known what happened?
The worktngmen became organised and
the employers organised to meet them.
Instantly there were but two bodies In-
stead of thousands to deal with. These
were of foursc the strike committee and'
the manufacturers' committee.
"It was only then that real efficiency
work became possible for things were
crystallized for the tlrst time. The Im-
mediate result of my work was the ap-
pointment' by the legislature ot the fac-
tory Investigation commission. It has
been at work now for a year and has
had Its time extended for another year.
The result which this commission will
eventually bring about will In a large
measure solve the problem Which was
ham nreaented to me. Organisation which
had made the strike a possibility also
made Its settlement snd the settlement of
other things a possibility.
'"When the situation grew to be so
serious that the fall supply of cloaks snd
suits was threatened the dry goods mer-
chants went to the employers who by
this time were on 'he verve of bank-
ruptcy In most Instances.
"They said in effect: "We are the peo-
ple who are suffering we and our 'cus-
tomers. You men ara killing one another
snd working to the detriment besides of
the general public. We will finance this
Industry and put It on its feet again If
you two will be reconciled and get your-
selves together through some com-
"This was agreed te. for both men
and manufacturer naa grown aesperaie.
and out of this agreement came ths final
proof that labor trouoles era not only
waste but wests which can be- easily
eliminated t'hat cluakmakers1 strike and
what grew out of it should be regarded as
a thing Important In American history
and will be made suph It we as. a nation
show good sense. ' v
"A joint board was organised translat-
ing of two' manufacturers' representa-
tives two representatives of the men
and three representatives of the public.
The strike was vsry aulckly settled upon
terms satisfactory in some degree to
everybody and a permanent plan formu-
lated which will settle matters of dispute
la-future. The event was epoch-making
. "A . National 'movement - toward effl-
cienc: mighJ' be the outgrowth indeed '
should be the outgrowth of that one ex-
perience tor the experiment worked well
and has worked well from that time up
"This Industry was a fine example ot
Industrial ehaoe and la now an example
of Industrial peace and system. 8mee
that moment.' whenever a strike has
threatened In that Industrie it has- been
settled peacefully. All the people rn the
industry are represented on the board
and the public has its representatives as
well. It is very simple and expounds
the principle of democracy which could
be generally applied.
"Let the manufacturers In each other
Industry Vorm into groups not organ tsed
to tight their worklngtnen as their
? roups are now but to settle their dlf-
erencea by conferences . Jet the unions
organise not along cran lines out in-
dustrially not to get more than their
due but to promote their Industry and
with It their own Interests. 'Let the
public have It representatives to see fair
play. Then let them get together as the
cloakmakera surely did endeavor to be
Just there Is no part of this which has
not been tried out and we shall have
no more labor troubles. We shall have
eliminated one of our worst waatesjp Joint
boards which represented both ' sides
would alsq be the source of legislation
legislation which would pass and which
having passed would work In both State
legislatures and In congress."
"Do you mean" I asked "that we
should isve a department of the govern-
ment with actual authority to regulate
industry fix wages determine hours ot
labor generally manage private enter-
prises?" "Why not? Already hours and many
other things are" fixed by law. It would .
not be a longer step to fix 'a minimum
wage by law.
"A plan similar to that' whloh settled
ths cloakmakers' strike settled ths strike
In the great furniture Industry In Grand
Rapids last. winter. I was especially In-
terested in this matter for the work waa
done along the same lines followed In the
general plan which I had drafted for the
cloakmakers In New York city. It was
the beginning of the standardisation ot
Industry and In these days of competition
and necessary' specialization Industries
must be standardised.
"Our troubles now are manifold but
natural Inevitable. We have changed
so rapidly that we have not been able to
adapt ourselves to new conditions aa
rapidly as they arose. The whole Indus- .
trial problem needs reorganization quite
aa badly as any of (he separate Indus-
trial plants have needed It from time to
time.
"Separate enterprises have organised
properly because this work was some
one s concrete business; the National pus-
sle has not been solved because It has
been everybodv's business and every-
body's business always In nobody's busi-
ness. "New York city Is a fair example of
the evils of the present lack of system.
The world has never seen a spectacle ao
extraordinary of sheer waste of money
effort brain and everything which may
be looked upon as an asset of humanity.
This town Is Inefficient to the Utst de-
gree. "We are separated Into districts upon
political lines when we should be sep-
arated Into districts on Industrial lines.
Our annual loss from lack of. such division
Is Incalculable.
"To take the Industry of whlcka we
have been talking and which we may
use here as an example of what might
be done with all: Huppose the cloakmak-
ers should have a district somewhere In
the city grouped about an Industrial ad-
ministrative building which would house
the representatives of the employed and
the employers and a representative of the
State department of labor acting for the
people as a whole. '
"what economics In operation and ad-
ministration could thus be effected! The
purchasing cost as well aa every other
could bo reduced Immensely. A large
saving would result to both the workers
and the employers; and the saving to the
public would be vast for a center of the
sort well placed and planned would be
the permanent abode of that particular
Industry.
"It would not suddenly null up stakes
and move from ono neighborhood into
another for no reason under heaven as
Industries do now leaving behind It va-
cant property and loss; but. settled per-
manently In one spot. It would systema-
tize Its dealings with the outside world
and Its Internal operations so that they
could be conducted economically and ef-
fectively. "There aro probably thirty Indus-
tries In New York City which could be
thus systematized with enough other
smaller ones related In some measure to
be gathered Into say ten groups thus
making forty Industrial centers as a tdtal.
If each of these forty Industrial Interests
were thus concentrated each gathered
about Its own executive administrative
building which would act as a board of
trade for manufacturers as well as men
a system would grow up with speed which
would savo millions annually.
"Consider some -of the present ays-
tem's lmperfeclons. Take for example
that same cloak and suit Industry of
which we have been talking. It Is housed
principally In loft buildings because It
needs very little plant. In the lofts the
manufacturer finds air and daylight
electric light which can be turned on
with a switch electric power which can
be turned on with a switch steam heat
which can be turned on by the twisting
of a valve. When he does not need them
he can turn them off and with them their
expense.
"Nor are' these conditions all that are
upon the surface tempting and beneath
the surface dangerous In the present
situation. Labor conditions are adapted
to the manufacturer's pleasurable con-
venience. There Is a surplus of work
people and the streets are Its market
place. As he wants an employe the boss
can go down In his elevator or by "his
stairs and hire one from the sidewalk tor
a day or for an hour. When he no
longer needs him for the job on which
he 1s engaged he can discharge him
turn him off much as Tie does his light
and power and heat.
"There are two busy seasons In almost
all of our trades one In the late sum-
mer when the winter business Is prepared
for. the other In the late winter to pro-
vide for the goods for summer business.
Between these seasons many of the work-
ers probably a large majority of them
must find employment at other Indus-
tries with less efficiency than If they
workedV at one the year around must
live upon tlio savings from the busy sea-
son or must become pjibllc charges.
Ienal Institutions care for one group
ok these Idle men and women boys and
girls charitable Institutions look out for
another the gambling houses take charge
of a small part of the men the disorderly
resorts absorb a small part of the women.
There are boarding houses for the few who
have been frugal and saved tnoney for
this Inevtltable 'rainy day.' A few drift
Into other Industries but union rules
prevent that In large measure. Home die
some go to hospitals. Twice a year In
this one Industry $0000 people are put on
half or quarter time or laid off altogether.
"What a monument of Inefficiency of
wastel With their families they - ap-
proximate 200000 people a community
as large as Providence or Indianapolis
who are practically thrown for two and
half months twice a year upon New
York.
"New York accepts these sad condi-
tions because It takes no time to think
about them; It Is so much engrossed
with other more dramatic - and more
personal things that It does not really
sense them. But the result Is tragic
If Providence or Indianapolis were to
have all their workers thrown out twice
a year for two months and a half the
aggregate would aot be greater' In Its
number but they would stand It for a
.small part of the first half of the first
year. Then something would be done.
TtMMf would mvi
. "This Is unbearable. Wa win put tip'
an executive nuiiaing ana administer
thls Industry efooleacy and rationally
"Provldencs. In deed l doing." with 4
rrrt much smaller problem something
' after the fashion ef what I have sug-
GEMS Of THE COFFEE
ROASTER'S ART 't-
INTERNATIONAL COFFEE CO.
HOUSTON.
B1skRBaaW's'vvessaesjee
SANRIO
National Conventions
By Freddie J. Haskin t
' XIX la 1S88 and 1892.
The demoeratlo victory of 1884 was re-
peated In the' congressional elections of
15S and President ' Cleveland believed
that the country had given him Its man-
date to reform the tariff downward. He
sent a message to congress toward the
end of his first term that set the two
parties at loggerhaada on the tariff Issue
and thauwould have divided the country
Into two different bodies of opinion had
It not been for the strong cross-current
of the currency problem.
When the time came to make nomina-
tions In 1888 there was much 'grumbling
among demoeratlo politicians who -were
displeased with Cleveland's Independent
attitude In the matter of the dispensation
of pie but drover Cleveland was the only
man the democrats had put In the Whits
House since the war and the masses of
his partisans would not hear to any oppo-
sition to his renomlnatton.
Ths democrats met at St. Louis and
Cleveland was promptly nominated by ac-
clamation an honor tnat had come to no
man In a democratic convention since
Martin Van Buren's second nomination In
1840. Allen O. Thurman of Ohio "the
Old Roman" was gtvun second place on
the ticket and whl! there . was some
sharp discussion over the tariff plank In
the platform the surface Indications were
that the party waa more nearly united
than It ever had been sines Monroe's
time.
The. republicans on the other hand
were at sea. . True the tariff reform ele-
ment had been almost eliminated and
the party was a unit .in favor of protec.
tlon but there was no leader to claim aa
of right the captaincy of the republican
hosts.
The organisation republicans were for
John Sherman-an old and trusted leader
who had been bidding for the nomination
for president for many years. The mug-yj
wqipp esiiiriiL w iui "n.i .'
ham of Indiana who although a con-
servative was also the favorite of the
labor leaders. Ilussell A. AW'' was for
Alger. Chauncey M. lepew Was for De-
pew William B. Allison and some ornere
were for Allison. Ingalls of Kansas Haw-
ley of Connecticut. Pnerpa of New Jersey
and Kuak df Wisconsin were the proprie-
tors of State booms snd highly polished
lightning rods. Benjamin Harrison had
two ambitions to gain the nomination
for himself If possible and to keep It
from going to Ores ham In any event.
Harrison was able he had been men-
tioned as a possible compromise candi-
date in more than one cohventlon hereto-
fore and he was the grandson of William
Henry Harrison the hero of the never-to-be-forgotten
log cabin and hard cider
campaign of 1840.
The pre-conventlon fight saw Sherman
well In the lead. Tl.e Sherman forces
carefully and expensively bought up the
Southern delegations many of which
were then frankly on the bargain coun-
ter only to lose them to Alger whose
men with equal care and expense bought
them away from Sherman.
The other factor Was James 0. Blaine.
The defeated favorite m the conventions
of 17 and 1S80 and the defeated noml.
nee In 18S4 Blaine was yet the Idol of
the republican masses and was looked
upon as the Hnry Clay of the republican
party. Once more he wanted the nomina-
tion onco more many of the voters want-
ed him to have It. But he was the only
republican candidate since Fremont who
fArAH t At thm noils and the
. politicians believed him to be unavailable.
He never goi mum umi. '' "L" r.n
In this convention but until he cabled
from Europe on the sixth day of the
session withdrawing his name the dead-
lock could not be broken.
On tho first ballot John Sherman led"
with 22 votes followed by Oresham with
111. Depew with 9. Alger with 84 Har-
rison with 80 Allison with 72 Bla ne w th
86. Ingalls with 28. KuJk and I'helps with
26 each Fitter of Pennsylvania with 24.
Hawley with IS Robert T Lincoln with
1 and William Mc.Kloley wHh 2.
On the second and third tests-Sherman
Qreaham and Alger made groat gains at
the expense of the favorite sons. The
opposition to Sherman was determined.
The Harrlson-Oresham quarrel was bitter.
The Alger boom waa. artificial. Allison
gained a few voles on each ballot and to
Some observers It aeerned certain that
the Iowa mn would hind the prise. Me-
eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeei
vested as K method fit controlling our
Parge problem flnd Rapids when
the trouble came the community took
charge and adm?nls&red the uisturbed
trade with mueh success. .
"It csn be done; it should be-done: it
must be done throughout the Nation.
When It Is done done generally. I mean
then we shall have started to eliminate
our waste." .
"Are there spy othsr trades except the
cloak and garment workers as serious! jr
affected by such seasonal fluctuations?
I Inquired. . ' .
"The shirtwaist and underwear Indus-
tries are as subject to them and such
waste to a degree occurs no in every
Industry. Evenweoel mines have shut
down because ot lack pfe orOvn.
"All Industry. Indeed needs sclentlflo
management for. the Increase of effi-
ciency. We have none at present In
which conditions are Meal. In Grand
Rapid the expense of .Administration
was borne as 1 have said It might be
borne tn New York city-each employe
put up his hair dollar and the employer
matched each ef these half dollars. The
result was a fine fund sufficient to In-
sure against 'disaster If smecgenc
"!?' would work with every Industry. .
Let each worker put up 1 cent a day and
each employer put up 1 cent a dajr tor
every employ.- It would not be long
before a fulfil M t00 was established
and 4 hat would be sufficient With which
to begin tho administration ot almost any .
industry along lines of real efficiency.
And seasonal fluctuations can be met in
no other way. The existence of such
boards aacjved the JS'ew -York cloak'
makers' strike would settle every ether
fr
"i 1
TEXAS
Klnley was getting a fairly mod eomr ' -mentary.
vote and ha waa talked ot as
possible dark bores.- '- . ' v ;
But Oreeham'a strength on the thir
ballot he had gone up to 121 o fright-
ened the strict party men-that leaders
like Quay turned to Harrison a the so-
lution of the' problem. On th tour! i
ballot Harrison had forced forward unt ;
he was seoond In the race; with ll t
his credit. But Allison and Alger ha
also gained and It was stilt anybody's
race.
Early on the morning ot th sixth d v
Blaine s cablegram relieved the tensi--"
On the seventh ballot Harrison w-
ahead of Sherman and oil the next t
he won. receiving 644 votes to 111 l
Sherman 100 for Alger flfty-nln f -Oresham
five for Blaine and four f -McKlnley.
-
It was the longest and most hotly c--tested
convention fight on record and t
end was reached by dickering and d -Ing.
Sherman felt that he had b-
robbed Oresham that he had b- u
cheated. Indeed Oresham was so In-
dignant that he refused to support tuo
nomination of Harrison. '
In the election Harrison ' and Mort.
defeated Cleveland and Thurman - -though
the democratic ticket won tn
popular majority. The vote of New
York turned the seal against ths demo-
crats and It was th one feature of tr.
election that although New York wax
carried for Harrison the democrat .j
candidate for governor David B. - Hiii
waa successful. ( :
Four years later the two parties re-
nominated Cleveland and Harrison the
first time ev twin renominatlon ever bad
been made. But neither was to (nave tba
honor without strong opposition. Gov-
ernor Hill had called an early convention
In New York a "snap" convention th
Cleveland men called It and had got for
himself the instructions for Nw York's
vote for president. Tammany hall had
always hated Cleveland and now It Sup-
ported Hill. The "regular" politicians
all over the country war of ths same
mind and they had th powerful sup-
port of editors like Wstterson and Oradv. '
If Grady had lived say the eldtlmers.
Cleveland never would have won the third
nomination.
But Cleveland was the popular hern
among the democrats and hi tariff
fight had been Justified by ths over-
whelming defeat of th republicans In
the congressional campaign of 1180 fol-
lowing the passage of the McKlnley taruf
bill. Hill excited no popular' enthusiasm.
Horace Boles of Iowa was strong In tiia
West but his financial views were dis-
tasteful to the East. Arthur P.. Gor-
man was the man upon whom th hop
of the antt-Clevelandlte were centered
but when Gorman got to Chicago he wast
so alarmed by the Cleveland furor that
he refused to fight. Cleveland was nom-
inated on the first ballot easily wlnnlnaf
more than the necessary two-thirds. Men
went away from the convention swearing
to knife the ticket but Cleveland snd
Stevenson were destined to triumnhv and
Cleveland to share with Andrew Jackson
the honor of having received In three
consecutive elections 1 ths popular ma-
jority In the vots for president
llsrrlson had displeased Quay who had
nominated him. In the matter of patron-"'
sge. He did not please many of the "old
guard" anywhere. Th disaster of th
congressional elections of 1199 hatk dis-
heartened the party. But th opposition
could not units on anybody. Blaine re-
signed from Harrison's cabinet to make
his fifth and last trial for the presidency
but It was too late. - -
Tho convention was held at. Iflnnaap-
olisV William McKlnley was ths perma-
nent chairman and If he bad said the
word he might have taken th nomina-
tion away from Harrison. But he resist-
ed every effort to draft him Into a kmlnsr
battle. Harrison wan nominated on the
first ballot receiving SIS votes. Blalnj
and McKlnley each received 182 Thomas
B. Reed four and Robert T. Lincoln one.
The result of ths campaign waa an
overwhelming demoeratlo vlotory. Botn
parties had '(straddled ' the currency
queeuun. i ne uvmourais iiaq commu-
ted themselves to tariff reform.. The
republicans stood for protection. 'But
events that none could foresee were about
to chsnge the whole political situation
and bring the republicans Into power for
a longer lease than even the civil war
had riven them. 9 . !.-
eeeeeeeeeasaa)sea
atriks with fairness to both sides. 'The
city State and nation humanity at large
would be the gainers. '
"A natural outgrowth of suoh dem-v
ocratlc organisation would be supervision
over workers' health for at ths employ-
ment agencies physicians would of course
be In attendance. - -
"It Is better to put a fore at th top
of a precipice than to put annambu-
lance at the bottom ef It" r-
The Efficiency society with only three
months' existence but with ever a thou-
sand on its list Is studying this prob-
lem for the benefit of It members and
the results of Its study wlU it Is ex-
pected be of great value. .-: '--
If Your Head Ac!.:
You Can't Think Pc
4 To be alert vWona and think tbe r'
thing t th right time yen tnnst aot
headache become ehrooie' whether I
heat sold stooaeh or nervousness.
'Stops Hccu!-c:.
V itri Kot4--leaant to take and c
Jyeffeettva. -..'.
f CapudlrM remove cans of r
. Capudln help yon to tl.L.k c
10e Joe 60 at dreg stores.
:; -V"' ' r- '
't '3 ' X ' ? f.::
' ' i "- .?.f4' V
vjr ' V .;v -
ROYAL!
0 -.' I
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The Houston Post. (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 27, Ed. 1 Sunday, June 16, 1912, newspaper, June 16, 1912; Houston, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth605089/m1/51/: accessed June 22, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu.; .