The Houston Post. (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 29, No. 128, Ed. 1 Sunday, August 9, 1914 Page: 7 of 52
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.1
41
Hagus" Conference
jThe Merchimt Vfccds Seized
IMfDOH August i-lBc the u three of tba' war numbs af Omiu
merchant ships lying w Efcgtish Harbor whea war tu declared have been
seised According to aa English authority oa International law. rocs vessel
can ba retained only whUa ths v last Whet paaea to tg4 the mutt b
(jiom oi to ormao ship captured
www m in the aama posttton but toe
c vow nague aoauftaa. : f j ;?. .v s; ' ' 1 ..
'-'Wlin tha iuioa of aaeh jhlpa waa'dUcuased at th aoftfaranaa Oraat
.Britain agreed to a rul string tbew If they bad apt board that war waa
waging tba aama prlvtlaca M anamlaa hlps In port at the outbreak el war; .
1 they would ba liable to capture but not to confiscation and they would be
returned to their ownen and tbaV
Germany and Russia however did not ' sign- thla clause and. It 'is onljr
binding between England" Trance and Austria. : . ? ; . . . .
. The Law Journal discussing the question of the extent to which enamiea' '
vasaels can obtain Immunity to capture by transferring to a neutral flag says
that according to tha declaration of London such transfer effected after .hos-
. turtles is Void unless it can be proved that H Vat not made to avoid the cap-
ture oj the ship.
MtlMmMWHmMIHWltHWMWtM
SEEKING CASH TO
PROTECT COTTOK
Secretary McAdoo'i Decision
Eagerly Awaited.
Declaring ths WftrtliouM Beoeipts
Prime Commercial Hftt Wovld
Give South Orn $300000-
000 Seaiy Money.
' ByW.S. Gard
Houston Post Stsff Correspondant.
WASHINGTON. August I. What con-
struction Secretary of the Treasury Mc-
Adoo will place upon the terms of the
amended Vreeland emergency currency
act In the acceptance of cotton ware
house receipts that may be tendered by
Southern banks seeking money to use In
financing the present ciop Is a rltal ques
tion In the minds of the congressmen who
are striving to open the way for protect-
ing the producers from losses incident to
the European war.
This point was brought out In the dis-
cussion at the general meeting of the rep-
resentatives and senator.; of the Southern
States held tonight. It develops that in
amending the Vreeland act this week
congress neglected to specify that a
cultural paper should ba accepted as com-
mercial paper. Just as Is specified In the
federal reserve act. Some congreesmea
believed there will be no quibbling by the
treasury department while others re-
gard cotton receipts aa doubtful collat-
eral. This point will have to be settled
before final assurance can be given the
South that the emergency currency act
meets all the needs of the cotton situa-
tion. anks May Secure Currency.
If the treasury department holds cotton
receipts as prime commercial paper then
It is the opinion of the committee that
the Vreeland emergency currency act will
open to the Southern States over three
hundred million dollars if all the banks
will avail themselves of this Opportunity
and form currency associations and will
provide ample funds to carry the crop
and prevent sacrifice.
Senator Smith expressed the opinion to-
night that the English market would be
open to American cotton within the next
30 days.
In discussing the question of financing
the crop and the work devolving upon the
I people of the South Representative Burn-
ers said tonight: .....
"I have been studying the situation very
carefully since my return to Washing-
ton and 1 am convinced that the South
is depending more upon getting help
from the federal government to hold this
cotton crop until the markets of the
world are open than the prospecte of such
help will Justify. It Is unwise to rely
on the help which may not come. All
the resources of brains and capital which
the people of the South can now com-
mand ought to be marshalled and brought
to the protection of this crop at the earli-
est possible moment.
Banka Should Form Associations.
Banks with sn agrgegate capital of
15000000 can now associate themselves
together and acquire thereby the right to
Issue additional circulation to the extent
of their capital stock and surplus and 25
Sr cent in addition. This ought to be
one. But what I want to impress Is
that this must not be treated as the
farmers problem only nor which the fed-
eral government Can be depended upon to
take care of. Without regard to bualnees
the people of the South should give to
this cotton crop all the support which
their combined resources and common
Interest will make possible. They will
find themselves also able to enlist Influ-
ential support outside of the South. A
sentiment ought to ba created and It can
be created which will brand as a traitor
to his country any man who would at-
tempt to speculate upon the misfortune
whlon now confronts not only the tsoutn-
ern farmers but every other class and
every Interest In the South. The money
which can be made available ought to be
loaned to the farmer at flie lowest possi-
ble rate of Interest. The world is st
war the doors of the Southern markets
are now closed and the solvency of the
South Is hsnging In the balance. I am
hopeful that Conditions will be much Im-
proved In evXtw weeks. It may be that
the government will be able to give ma-
terial aid but the South has too much at
stake to be taking any chances."
Tonight's meeting was attended by Sec-
retary Oarner of the general committee.
Senator Sheppard and Representatives
Sumners and Garrett of the Texas delega-
tion. SENATOR HOKE SMITH'S PLAN.
Would Withheld Part of South' Share Of
Currency Prom Banks to Aid Planters.
(AuociaUi Prttt Report.)
WASHINGTON August J. A plan
whereby southern farmers may get credit
direct from the government for cotton In
warehouses was proposed tonight by
Senator Hoke Smith of Oeorgia to South-
ern senators and members of the house
conalderlnc war relief for tha AAttnn .It.
uatlon. Definite action was postponed
until another meeting.
The plan would authorise the secretary
of the treasury to withhold from the
Boumern Pies. exciuaing Florida W
per rent of the WOO.000.Oo4 of emergency
currency to which the banking capital
and surplus of tha South would entitle
thst section under the currency legisla-
tion passed this week. In lieu of this
(0 per cent Senator Smith would provide
that under such regulations it the secre-
taries of the treasury agriculture and
commerce adopt tha treasury notes might
be Issued to cotton owners who present
warehouse certificates.
. Senator Overman expressed the belief
Bouthern banks would take out emer-
gency currency to care for demands while
cotton was being held. Senator Smith
said he had some doubt about State
banks and hence 'had drafted tha Supple-
mental measure. '
A report from the committee to gather
statistics on cotton trade reported on-
us fjgures showing Germany as a great
consumer of cotton were mlsieadin
isleading. rig-
twaaiM ures snow a large amount
it or nott
ent to Bremen whereas
ed much of this Is diverted from Bremen
to cities outside of Germany which will
probawy continue to aemana cotton.
Consular agents of ths united States have
bead Instructed to report at onoe esti-
mates of the extent ootton mills will re-
strict consumption.
Bank ef Ingland Reduced Rata.
lAutcitUi prut Rrrt.)
LONDON August I (11:M a ra. Ths
Bank of Bngknd-dlscount rata waa re.
(' auced today from I ta I par sent
Effect on -
an U high aead sine Ua war
th attttud af th O-srmacs i
$3000000 BATTEBIES
PEXSE5TED TO FRANCE
BY A FRENCH FIRM
' (Astocialtd Pna Re fori.)
PARIS August t The Creusot
Steel Works has presented to the
French government it complete
batteries of lOS-mllllnJeter guns of
a nsw type which had been ordered
by 4 foreign government Just be-
fore the wait broke out at a cost of
h.mooo.
The company Informed the gov-
eramsnt that It stood ready to pay
Indemnity for the nonexecution of
tba contract. Aa tbe manipulation
of ths guns requires special knewU
edge a number of Creusot work
men have enlisted to handle them.
7454000 TROOPS
IN SEVEN ARMIES
Russia and Germany Each
Able to Marshall 1850000.
All the Larger Powers Able to Draw
Heavily From Reservist Ranks.
England'! Foroes 803037.
Russia's Mobilization. .
WASHINGTON D. C Latest authsa-
tio information regarding the strength of
European armies Indicates that Russia
rod Germany each would be able to put
1MM0 men onto the field In the early
stages ef thW war. Prance la believed to
be la position to put 1304000 men In the
field snd Austria-Hungary is reckoned as
able to send 820.000 men to the front
while Servian officials bsse their military
estimate on a fighting force of 161000
men. Without drawing from the forces
necessary to be maintained in the colo-
nies. Great Britain could present an armed
strength of about 491004 men. including
territorials and reservists.
Consequently the combined strength
that could be used In a War involving
these six powers Is estimated St 1. 154.000.
The strength of the Italian field army of
twelve army corps and Independent cav-
alry is about 400000 combatants and
Italy could put 204000 additional militia
Into the field making a total of tOO.000 so
that Including Italy it Is believed that
the seven powers embraced In the triple
alliance and the triple entente with Ser-
via fighting as the bone of contention
could marshal T.fM.004 righting men with-
out calling for volunteers.
Confining the War to Russia. Germany
Austria and Servla without drawing In
France England and Italy the available
war strength Of the combatants would be
reckoned as follows: Russia l.SM.eoe men;
Servia 361000; total 2111000; Germany
1.850400 men; Austria 820040; total
2.670000.
Russia Cnermeus Force.
The peace strength of Russia is upward
of 1.200.0M of all ranks. The field armies
of European Russia and the Caacassus
with the first category reserve divisions
snd the second category reserve regi-'
ments of the Don and Caucasia cossacks
may amount to 1800040 or 1600004 men.
The Asiatic army of Russia might at
present mobilise for field operations about
tOt.OOO men. The grand total of Russia's
armies therefore le estimated at 1860400
combatants of which about 1. 100000
might be assembled til a single theater of
war.
The Strength of the field army ot the
German empire consisting ot twenty-rive
army corps and independent cavalry
amounts to about 1250000 combatants.
To this must be added the mobile land-
wehr ot about 604.004 men. This would
make a total mobile force ot 1180.000
men. Behind this there are according to
some computations about 1600000 men
wholly or partly trained for war. These
figures do not Include the garrison units
or any part of the landstrum.
According to the official military budget
of the British government for the current
year the establishment of land forces of
Great Britain Is 101037 men of which
76896 are British troops In India. It Is
estimated that. Including territorials but
without withdrawing any troops from In-
dia England could put about 693000 men
Into the flsid without calling for volun-
teers. War Strength of France.
Ths field army of France is racokaed
at 1 army corps the Lyons brigade of
14 battalions and 14 cavalry divisions
making a total of about 800004 combat-
ants. There are also It complete di-
visions of reserve troops and some re-
serve csvalry amount to 600000 for the
reserve which with the available force
of 1 44 W regulars gives Francs an esti-
mated total strength of 1100004 com-
batants for a war tooting.
In a war forcing France to put forth
her whole strength two additional army
corps each consisting ot two divisions
could be provided by Algerian troops and
the troops of tha colonial army In France.
These corps with an Algerian cavalry di-
vision would add about 10000 melt and
make a grand total ot l.Sto.OOO aa the
estimated war strength tor France.
The field army of European Russia as
now organised consists of it army corps.
The cavalry consists of t guard divisions
1 guard brigade 16 line divisions t
mixed divisions Of dragoons and Cos-
sacks 1 Don Cossack division and t in.
dependent cavalry brigades.
Of the N cavalry divisions u are per-
manently attached to the army corps and
four are formed into two cavalry corps.
The second mixed division and the sepa-
rate brigades are Independent. All told
tha amy In European Russia comprises
1081 battalions til squadrons and 4t
batteries. There are three aerial bat-
tellomv and 11 independent companies
and at the beginnibt of the present year
Russia kad one dirigible balloon.
Tha Russian Held army in tha Can-
sassus consists of three army corps each
consisting of two divisions and four cav.
alrydlvUlona. IS line oavalry. a brigade
of Cossack Infantry and two brigades of
Caucasian rifles. In Western and Cen-
tral Asia are five rifle brigades each
composed of four battalions In peace and
eight hattallons In wart also a Turkestan
c!MiTlf.d trehenaapien brl.
gade. The nve brigaded mobilise as tha
second Turkestan army corps. Baoh ot
these amy corps has a Turkestan ar.
tUlery brigade one ot ata and one el
irse
. Germany's reasons for war are given
ta Ud foOowlnc statement of Dr. vea I
Bethmann-HoUwee?. the Imperial Chan-
cellor ta .a speech ta the relchstag.
which was in tended as aa explanation to
tba krarld. . - i
Wo knew France waa ready for an la.
vealon. : France - waa" able' tqAwait; we
were not ' A French Vffgre talon into oar
flank in the lower Shine would have been
disastrous aad we therefore ware com-
pelled to overrule tha legitimate protests
of the Luxemburg aad Belgian govern-
snenta. We shall repair the wrong we
are doing as soon aa our military alms
have been reached.
- Chancellor von BethmannjHollweg then
outlined tbe procedure of Germany in an
endeavor to maintain peace saying:
From the very outbreak of the Austro-
Servian conflict we worked to confine the
trouble to Austria and Bsrvia. All ths
cabinets particularly that of Great Brit-
ain used the same endeavor. - Russia
alone declared that she must have some-
thing' to say ss to the solution of the con-
flict' and thereby raised the danger of
European complications.
. As soon as the first deflnte news was
received regarding the Russian military
preparations we directed a friendly but
strong communication to St Petersburg
'Pointing out that warlike measures
against Austria-Hungary would find us
on the side of our ally; that . military
preparation against ua would force us to
corresponding counter-measures and that
mobilisation would not be far removed
from war. Russia assured us In solemn
fashion of her wish for peace and de-
clared that she would not enter into any
part ot military preparations against us.
About ths same time and prior to the
receipt ot. this telegram the Russian em-
peror urgently asked the .German em-
peror for his aid and requested the Ger-
man emperor to counsel moderation in
Vienna. The German emperor undertook
this role ot mediator but he had scarce-
ly set In motion hie offices to this snd
when Russia mobilised all her forces
oasoQOMSSssssseassseaetttrttT""""M""s"aeM"MM
How Mahan Views
1 .
Situation
Rear Admiral Alfred T. Mahan U. S.
N. retired a leading authority on the
naval affairs of the world In addition to
pointing out In advance of England's
declaration of war that England must
oppose Germany gave soms interesting
details In his forecast of the probable
notion of the fleets Of Europe.
Mahan holds ths unusual view that Italy
must join the war within a week's time
not as a partner of the triple alliance
but a an ally of France and Russia.
Italy must take this stsp he says and
hold the Austrlans In check for the salva-
tion ef the Balkans which are already
threatened by Turkey and sure to be the
prey of the Turks unless the v Austrian
Ssvy can be kept from the shores Of
reec.
The Complete Interview.
The complete Interview as given at
Quoqua. N. Y-. to the New York Evenlnj
Post follows:
"The aggresslvs Insolence of Austria's
ultimatum to Servla. taken with the con-
cession by the latter of all the demands
except those too humiliating for national
self respect. Indicate that the real cause
of the war is other than set forth by the
ultimatum.
"Knowing from past experience how the
matter must be viewed by Russia. It Is
Incredible that Austria would have ven-
tured on the ultimatum unless assured
beforehand of the consent of Germany
In it. The inference Is irresistible that
the substance of the ultimatum was the
pretext for a war already determined on
as soon as plausible occasion offered.
'The cause of this predetermination Is
to be found in the growing strength of
Russia on recovering from her war with
Japan. With the known deflciences of
French armaments which were recently
admitted the moment was auspicious for
striking down France and Russia before
they regained strength. The motives are
to be found in Austria' apprehension ol
the growing Slav power in the South and
that of Germany concerning Russia on the
east.
Knglsnd's Position.
"Great Britain as the third member of
the entente finds herself in the position
of Prussia In 1845 when she permitted
Napoleon to strike down Austria unaided
and was herself struck down the follow-
ing year at Jena. Or or that of France
In 186 when she stood by while Prussia
crushed Austria and was herself over-
whelmed In 1670.
"Germany's procedure is to overwhelm
at once by concentrated preparation and
impetuous momentum. If she fall In this
she Is less able to sustain prolonged ag-
gression as Was indicated in the Franco-
Prussian war during and after the siege
of Paris.
"The British fleet which Is superior to
that ot Oermany has ths power to pre-
vent all commerce tinder the German
flag and by blockade to close against
neutrals all the rivers properly German
except those emptying into the Baltic
The British fleet is not strong enough to
divide for blockade in both Baltic and
North seas. The Rhine emptying; through
neutral Holland can not be blockaded.
"If the first German rush proves In-
decisive or prolonged the financial pres-
sure thus In the power of Great Britain
nine batteries. The largest section of
the Russian Aslsttc army Is In Eastern
Siberia which now has a strong snd
complete army of its own.
Army Reorganised.
Btaee th war with Japan the Russian
forces In Eastern Siberia have been ma-
terially Increased and wholly reorgan-
ised. There ar 11 divisions of Siberian
rifles each with an artillery brigade ef
four batteries of eight guns each. Mount-
ed troops are supplied by the Trans.
Baikal. Amur and Usurl Cossacks and
th Prlmorsk dragoons Who collectively
furnish I squadrons in peace and mors
than M squadrons In war. There are
also two Cossack heavy artllltry batteries
expanding to four in time of war. Th
whole would mobilise five Siberian army
corps.
in arut-opesn Russia th bulk ot th
army which would be first drawn up
In war is stationed west ot a line drawn
north and south through Moscow. For
this reason recruit and reservist In
the Russian army must travel In most
Instances long distance to join their
CThe Russian Infantry is armed with
the "three-line" rifle. It Is a mags-
tine arm of .Itt calibre sighted to 3000
pace. Th cavalry and Cossacks sra
armed with a similar weapon several
Inches shorter. Ths Russian artillery
I armed With a qUIck-flrlng ahlelded
?un modal of UOf firing a shall of
Stt pounds.
A Russian army division consist Of
two brigade ol four battalions. Ta
each division is attached an artillery
brigade of six or tight batteries with Its
ammunition column an engineer battel.
Ion and two or three squadrons of Cos-
sacks. The normal army eerpa In th
Russian army now consist of two di-
visions a howltser division a sappers'
battalion and a cavalry division A car-
airy division consists of two brigades of
two regiments each and two batteries of
horse artillery. A Russian field battery
has sight guns while Russian horse bat-
tsries have six guns each.
Division t Qermait Army.
In th 0rman army two regiments of
Infantry form a brigade twe brigade a
division aad two divisions aa army oorp.
C ' j IN FORMAL - STATE?.!2Nt IMPERIAL CHAN-
tin
CELLOR TOLD
1 r'
; .'
against Austria-Hungary. The dual
archy Itself had. .only mobilised ai
aaalnat
Senrtsi . It bad ' mobilised two army
corps la toe aona aot rar from the
Russian frontier. I
The Russia mobilisation waa decided
In principle before the Russian emperor
addressed himself to ths German em
peror. The latter notified the Russtea
empererv forthwith that his good offices
aa mediator .would be made more diffi-
cult by thla. mobilisation against Austria-Hungary
4f they were not wholly
frustrated. ' Keverthelees we continued
our mediatises at Vienna and exercised
It In forma which went almost to the
extreme Until compatible with our tela
tlon as alb. V-
Durinr this time Russia renewed spon-
taneously her assurances that she was
making 80 military preparations sgalnst
us. .July Si earns. A decision was to
have been made in Vienna. Our media
tlon already' had been successful to tha
extent that Vienna under pressure from
us. again had entered Into direct "Con-
versations" With St- Petersburg.
But before tha dsVlsion could be given
In Vienna the news reached us that Rus-
sia was mobilising tier entire forces and
against us also.- The Russian govern-
ment which know from our repeated
representations what mobilization would
mean announoed that it was mobilising
but did not give any explanation eon-
coming Its aotlon.
In the meantime England sought to
mediate between Vienna and St. Peters-
burg. We warmly supported her. Oa
July II the emperor of Germany re-
quested the emperor of Russia by tele-
graph to consider that Austria-Hungary
had the right aad duty to protect her.
self against the great Servian plots and
intrigues . which f were undermining her
existence.. ' .
Later. In the afternoon a telegram ar-
rived' from tha Russian emperor to tna
German emperor. In It the Russian em-
peror declared that his army would hot
take any provocative action toward us.
but the Russian mobilisation on our fron-
tier had been In full progress since the
night of July 1. While we st Russia's
request mediated In Vienna the Russtea
forces were raised on our almost open
frontier and France though she did not
REAR ADMIRAL
WILL BE SCENE
V
1
HOW GREAT BRITAIN
MORATORIUM WORKS
Banker everywhere want to
know ust how England's mora-
torium works. In response to re-
quest for definite information sent
by Vice President John E. Oar-
din the National City bank's rep-
resentative in London yesterday
cabled: I
"Moratorium only affects bills of
exchange other than checks or de-
mand bills. Bills accepted before
August 4 must b reaccepted ex-
tending the maturity one calendar
month from date of original ma-
turity. Amount tfien payable IS
plus accrued1 Interest st bank rat
current at date of reacceptance.
The prescribed form of reaccept-
ance follows C
" 'Reaccepted under proclamation
of August 2. 1414. stating total
amount due. namely amount of
bill plus Interest.' "
eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeei
may determine the Issue or may force
the German fleet to fight. In which case
the Issues will be determined by battle.
If Germany wins by Land.
"It Germany succeeds In downing both
France and Russia she gains a respite
by land which may enable her to build
up her sea force equal or superior to that
of Great Britain. i
"In that case the world will be con-
fronted by the haval pot of a State not
like Great Britain sated with territory
but one eager and ambitious for expan-
sion eager also for Influence. This con-
sideration may well affect American
sympathies
"In. my judgment a right appreciation
of the situation should determine Great
Britain to declare war at once. Other-
wise her entente engagements whatever
the letter will be In spirit violated and
she will earn the entire distrust ot all
probable future allies.
"Italy likewise owes It to herself to de-
clare war against her recent allies. In
co-operation with France and With
Greece reinforced by the two American
battleships Just purchased she can doubt-
less maintain the balance of maritime
power In the Mediterranean prevent the
Turks giving their expected support to
Germany keep quiet the Bulgarians If
these are so lll-aiivlseil as to purpose a
diversion in favor of Austria and In
brief consolidate the opposition of the
Balkan states to Austria-Hungary whose
ambitions are notoriously inconsistent
with those of Italy.
Adimal Mahan elaborated xn his state-
ments reRardlnic one probable operation
of the British and Herman fleets.
North Sea Scene of Nsvsl Battles.
"Undoubtedly the North sea will be
the theater of the naval battles" he said.
"The German fleet so far as we know
steamed Immediately from Kiel to the
North sea. ready to strike. For long
HAS BRITISH NAVT
READY lt)R FRAY
' Winston Caurobill. .
Winston Spencer Churchill first lord of
th admiralty has th navy ot England
In the best condition It has aver known.
Every detail was completed long before
war was declared.
oseeeeeeeeeeeteeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
Ten of the German division have three
brigades eaoh The Intended employment
of the reserve lr.xip In war ha not been
divulged by the German general staff
but It I thonuht prohaW that most of
the two-brigade divisions will tw aug-
mented by a reserve brigade In war and
that all army corps In th German army
will take th ficH with jilt brigades the
artillery being Increase proportionately
by reserve regiment. T eaoh Infantry
r 1 ' 1
f fvN i
&h
0
OF EFFORTS AT PEACE.
mobilise admits that she took
tarv measures.
7
We had deliberately abstained up ta
that time for the sake of the peace ef
Europe frosa balling a single reservist to
the colors fcaould we have welted pa-
tiently kMger until the powers between
which wej are wedged in were In a posi-
tion to choose the time when to deliver
their blow? To have exposed Germany
to thlr danger would have been criminal.
Therefore on. July tl we demanded of
Russia ths dernobiXsatloa of hsr
her solemn
i assurances could ret nresei
eouM
The I
the peace of Europe. The Imperial Oer-
tnao ambassador In flt Petersburg wag
instruct ea to aeciare to tne nussian gov-
ernment that In case of rejeetkon of our
demands wa should be obliged to declare
a state of war.
Whet) the ailottsdllme expired ths Ger-
man emperor was compelled at I o'clock
In the afternoon of August 1 to order the
tooMlliattOQ of our forces. Ws were
compelled at the same time to make
Sure what attitude France would assume
In the situation. To our definite ques-
tion whether she would remain neutral
In a German- Russian war she answered
that she would do .what bar interests
bade her.
Nevertheless the German emperor
gave order that the French frontier
should be feapeeted absolutely. These
orders Were strictly followed without ex-
ception. . Franee which mobilised at the
same hour that we did told us that she
would maintain a sons of W kilometres
back from the German frontier but what
really took place was that the French
aviators east bomb upon the cavalry and
petrels entered the Imperial lands (Al-
ssce.Lorralne). France thereby broke
the pease and actually attacked us
though a state of war bad not yet been
proclaimed.
Even prior ta this time email detach -cents
of French troops had crossed the
German frontier French aviators had
thrown bombs on our railways and
French troops had attacked our frontier
guards at Bchluehpese. Our troops. In
pursuance ot their order remained
wholly on tha defensive. These are the
actual facta
the War
j '
DECLARES T&B NORTH SEA
OF GREAT NAVAL BATTLE
time It ha bean the German policy to
keep her navy ready and virtually ol ear-
ed for action and we may expect any
minute apparently to gat word of a
great engagement and should txpeot tha
British fleet ta wdn.
"The Kiel canal will undoubtedly ba
used In Germany's naval strategy as
affording access to the North and the
Baltic sea but not aa the deoidtng
movement England oan not as I have
said throw a preponderating fleet Into
both tea and Oermany'a hop la to
strike immediately. It is a question of
existence for her. The stagnation of her
carrying trade on the seas must threaten
her very life and the neutral shipping
already taxed to It limits can not bear
the additional burdens ot supplying Oer-
many. "The suggestion made that Germany
might demonstrate with her fleet In th
Baltic is not tenable. The Russian fleet
with only eight pre-dreadnaught and no
dreadnaughts and battle cruiser how-
ever much of aa absurdity that type may
be is negligible. Germany could achieve
nothing with her fleet In th Battle tor It
Is a principle ot warfare that under mod-
ern conditions no. nation oan afford to
waste its navy in operations against for
tlfications."
Submarines snd Alrersft
Aa for the questions of th science ot
naval warfare to be answered in this final
test of all theories ot war. Rear Admiral
Mahan said that the most Important un-
doubtedly would be those or the in-
creased efficiency of submarines and tor-
pedoes snd of air craft.
"And believe me" he said "the Eng-
lish fleet which sailed with sealed or-
ders. Is at present in the North sea with
the purpose Of being just out of he ef-
fective range of submarines. I do not
know definitely what the effective rruls-
Inc range of mirh submersible craft Is
but I would estimate it to be 144 miles.
To accomplish that distance they must
travel for it long way upon tne sur-
face and so be Th sight of the Scout
which the British fleet. Of course has
posted.
"This question of the use of the in-
creased efficiency of the submarine is as-
suredly one of tho most Important to be
tested In actual warfare. They had of
course no opportunity In the Russo-Japanese
war. but in tha present confined
theater of operations should be seen at
their best. I do not share Sir Percy
Scott's views of the Surpassing power of
the submarine to tbe complete effacement
of the battleship.
"The torpedoes as used in the Russo-
Japanese war. were utilised chiefly to put
a finish to a ship almost silenced already
by gun fire and for such purposes were
effective. Bui torpedo boats are night
craft. They can not be effective In day-
light against modern guns. Oermany ap-
parently does not place much faith in
them.
"But most ol these problems of the
technical sclehce of warfare are too Ob-
struss for the general observer. They
are really even too technical for the ex-
perts to agree on.. As General Sherman
said: 'One may demonstrate something
in maneuvers but you really need the
element of human fear to be conclusive
''The mooted question of the big guns
will also be tested. For my own part I
has alwsys believed that the volume At
fire was the determining fact. The num-
ber of hits and not single shots Is the
most Important element. I believe how-
ever all those thing we Shall soon know
perhaps any moment. "
division Is attached In war aa artillery
brigade of 12 batteries.
There are 18 cyclist companies in the
German army. The German field bat-
teries are equipped with six guns each
and the horse batteries have four guns
each. The war strength Of a German di-
vision complete consisting of two brl.
gades without reserve units Is about
14004 combatants and of a German army
tecps of divisions is about tO.OOO men.
Ths strength f a German three-brigade
division would b about 91000 men
and of an army oorps of six brigades
about 48440 combatants. There are al-
together 28 army corps In the (ierman
army. There la only on permanent cav-
alry division that of the guard put In
war st leant eight divisions would be
formed from the line regiments. The nor-
mal strength of a .German cavalry di-
vision I three brigades of two resimente
each with two batteries of horse artil-
lery. In all there are 24 squadrons of
from eight te It guns each.
Prussia With Baden and Hesse. Is di-
vided Into U military districts each of
Which furnishes a complete army corps.
There is also a Prussian guard corps
drawn from the whole kingdom. Saxonv.
Wurtenberg and Relchland also furnish
five army corps. In ths German army are
117 regiments ct Infantry containing
471 TM men 110 regiments of csvalry with
62007 men 100 regiments of field ar-
tillery with I. 004 men and 24 regiments
of foot artillery with 1.000 men. The
German army tues 157.000 horses of
which over 10.00 are for the cavalry
alone.
WARSHIPS REPORTED SUNK.
Qrman Torpedo Boats Said to Have De-
stroyed Four Britishers.
(At$rcui Pftl Referl.)
NEW TORK. August I Private oeble
edvices received in New Tork report that
a flotilla of German torpedo boats has at-
tacked British warships In he Humber.
the waterway to Hull on the east coast
of England sinking four of them.
A number of attacking German torpedo
boats were lost.
Th report tallies with yesterday's dec-
la ration of the British admiralty that the
first newe of the war might be unfavor-
able. The date of this engagement is not
give.
d Bill to Curb Greed .
i I A :;''bf .British Wealthy Peopb
': AV"'i;::- . VUneU4Prf jbferl.) ' ' . f lH"; V;v O-.V
" LONDOK Augurt aWatter Runetman. secretary of agrloultur. tatros
duoed a bill. In tha bouse of common today giving the British governmeat -power
to seiaa ail food stuffs n Tbe Mil paaeed through all Its tagv .
Mr. Banetmaa said hit reason for lntroduotag the bin was what ha termed'
tha "greed of wealthy people who with a long Una at antomebae bad it. ;
gTsveed themes rve by oornarlng th large stock of provision aad ceasing'
great hardship among tba poorer classes Re said he believed th pan! was
now over but th government wished' to be prepared in case of necessity -f
J C. Broadbdnk on of th representatives of th board af trad la parts '
affairs Is optimistic regarding-the food simply. la an Interview he saidt '
. "All British porta aad pctallj London at bound to have a large Soa. ''
skm of business stoce most of th continent aorta aa longer are epea. Ships i
which ordinarily carry eargoe partly for London and partly for Antwerp .agets.
Samburg already ai.dlachargtog their cargoes here. There ar eight' ship v
waiting at G raves nd whioh war destined originally f or oontlnen tai porta wt t
now are ordered to discbarge here.
"There Is now at sea a Urge tonnage of shipping lade) with food stuffs "A
j consigned to Hamburg and Bremen.' These cargoes wffl ba diverted te London -V
J or other British port. All thla Indicate a eontlnoaae of BafOetant (mpppaeg
S so long as the war lasts and our navy oomaxanda th esM . ?
:
eeeeeseeeeeeesseesssssseseeeeeeeeeeeee
RED CROSS OFFERS
MEMBERSHIP ILLS
FOR RELIEF IU5DS
(AuecUfi Prtu Repri.)
WASHINGTON. August .
Every one who contributes i or
more to the American Red Cross
fund for relief work among the
warring European nations wtn be
enrolled as a member at large of
tha aoolMy for th remainder of
thla year and will reoelve th Oc-
tober issue of the society maga-
tlne free. Thla new departure from
the plan followed heretofore in
raising relief funds th Red Cross
announced today it being desired
that every one who contributes the
amount mentioned or more shall
I feel that he or she is directly erall-
i ated with the organisation that Is
I the medium for relief abroad.
sVeeaeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeessssseeeeeeeeeel
GERMAN OPINION
Oil EUROPEAN WAR
Certain Charfe d Affairs
Talked With Bryin.
Deolttred Thst War . Was Cawed by
Action of ltafla&d Toward Gsr-
auuty aad Tint Utft Tlfat
Is IaofAiaqwatinl
AuttUtti Prtu Asp)
WASHINGTON August I. Ths Ger-
man viewpoint on th struggl now going
on la Burop wa glvn today by Oerman
Charge d Affaire Von HalmhauMn who
returned from Newport to assum per-
sonal direction af th Germs ambasky
In th ebssbe In Europe of th Oerman
ambassador Count Von Btrnorff. Mr.
Yon Halmhaustn held a lengthy confer-
ence with Secretary Bryan on th gen-
eral situation and also saw Counsellor
Lansing of th Stat department concern-
ing aeveral acute phases relating to the
detention of Americans in Germany the
sailing of German reservHU and th op-
erations of Oerman merchant ships.
Concerning the political aspect of the
conflict the German charge maintains
that the reports from London seek to
glv th erroneous Impression that Ger-
many precipitated ths war wholly because
German troops had been advanced IhtO
Belgium where he declared th Brit
leh foreign office previously had laid
down terms to Germany which would
have had the ffect of restraining th
Oerman navy from operating against
Russia in the Baitio the most natural
waterway leading to the Russian po.
slons or from operating against France
along the north coast of that country
the most natural and proximate point for
the Oerman naval foroes to operate
Accused BngUng ef Obitruetiens.
Thus before the Belgian Issue arose
sir. Von Halmhausen contends Bngland
had sought to compel Germany to hold Its
navy inactive at the very point where
it could be most effective; to reduce it
to a state of comparative Inaction In up
holding such position as the German na-
tion might determine upon.
As to Belgium. Mr. Von Halmhausen
declares the British government also
sought to tie the hands of Oermany by
s permanent agreement not cross Bel-
gian territory when at the same time
Oermany was aware that French torses
already had entered Belgium and were
operating there In defiance of aU neu-
trality; also that Belgian eoeet point
were ready to reoeiv ths British land
and sea foroes. It was this menace of
humiliating the German navy by reduelftg
It to a condition of passive Inaction ex-
cept at points far removed from It base
while British and Other fleets were tree
to operate at will and th added re-
straint of Oermany in Betclum While
1 ranee remained unrestrained that com-
pelled Germany to reject the British con-
ditions and tdopt maure compatible
with her national dignity and defense.
Deprecates LIo 0erstln.
As ti the military operations around
Litge Mr. Von Halmhausen points out
that English and French governments
seek to give them the aspect of a great
engagement whereas he Says titty ar
merely the work of an advance guard
small In numbers as comparea with the
vast German forces now advancing
which made a bold but unsuccessful at-
tempt to take a modern fortress. He con-
siders the Uhgllsh report of losses as
greatly exaggerated and says that not-
withstanding the English reports the ad-
vance guard was not equipped with the
heavy siege guns capable of reducing a
fortress. Mr. Von Halmhausen looks upon
this as merely a prelude to the advance
Of the highly organised main corps of the
German army.
The German charge explained to offi-
cials that the interruption of American
travel and exit In Germany was the re-
sult of the military necessity in taking all
available transportation service and It
would be accomplished with the least pos-
sible Inconvenience to individuals and
would soon be over.
CHILDREN REPOKTtD SHOT.
Were Arsgged From Qenrsn Train
French Deputy Deeisred.
Allocated Preit Report.)
PARI 8. August I. Count Albert De
Mum one of the conservative leader in
the chamber of deputies writes over hit
signature to a newspaper here today:
"It was related to be by friend that
li iMr.lah children who were on a Oerman
train going to the frontier carried away
by the imprudence of their youth and th
fervor of their young hearts shouted
'Vive La France.' They were Immediate-
ly dragged out of the train and four of
them v.-ere ehot."
SAY 7 RSQI MENTS SUMgNDRRED
Report In London ef Clash ef Germane
With Belgian Cavalry.
Attoeittei Prtu RtptrKt
LONDON. August 1 A dispatch to the
F.x-hange Telegraph company from Brus-
sels cays that a division of Oerman cav.
slry which had succeeded In fording the
Mou si; to the north ot Liege was sur-
prise and practically annihilated bp Bel-
gian cavalry and Infantry supported bv a
battery of light artillery. The Oerman
rout waa complete. Seven German regi-
ment urrnderd.
TOURISTS ARE HOW
ENDING WORRIES
Situation ' for Americas U
Rightiof Itself.
it y
Ample Money Voir lead? for Af'
Who Hold Crtdits gad listji .yi
000 An Bsiliaf tor X I
' Bo .. .;ttsiV-
:!r.:;v
(Aucirti Prtu KtfrrQ ;'.;
LONDON August tV-Th attsettftagt V
far as Americans In Lea so ar .
earned has about righted ltgatf. ' tlx
thousand left here today to board the) ;
steamers Virginian Laconla Nleuw Am-
sterdam and Finland sailing today tmA-'
Sunday. The Virginian and Laoenta free
Liverpool tha Nltuw Amdttrdam from
Rotterdam and th Finland frosa Antwe)ra.v
Ample financial essletanc ha been
arranged tor Amerloan remaining. "
American Ambassador Pag ha received
authority to pldge th credit of tha
United Statea government for tsOCOM tyat
ot tba rlif fund now pdlng toward
Ens land ea tha Taaeeev This mossar '
will be available Monday. t . .
The flnenolal oommlttaa eomprlMS th
naval and military attaches to th UnlUd
Bute embassy Thomas t. Bklaaar
American oonsul general and Chandler
Anderson of the lnterntional claims asm
mission wno nae oeen appoimea gums- -
Mtlor of th embassy temporarily. ' .
Another oommltte appelates la Mk .
arrangements to gst stranded- Am art oar.
horn from th continent I composed eg;
Ambassador Pegs. F. L. Kent fudar:
Hethftr w. c. tfreeo handler Anderson
and Resort D forest ' "
Br.nksrs who are to receive gold (Mm
the Tennessee' shipment also nave ap- .
pointed a ommttt te deal with Its al-
trt button. - -
Many American and English tourist! Sr.
rived from Switzerland today. They
traveled part way en aattle trains and '
were a Week an the route. They spent :
three dsy. In JTranco-Swiss frontier and
rain caused Much suffering among th v
women and children. AU were kindlr
treated by the Frenoh and Swiss. ' .
The embassy staff ha been rlnforcd
by th arrival of Lieutenant Commanaer
Frank ' 1L MnCrarv. I-lauteiua Cm
mender W. F. Brioker and Lieut neat
Eegbaum. These officers have been "'
given querttr in th Oerman building
and will devote their attention to looking V
after the Welfare of Oerman new In
London. '
On representations made by th Amr ;
loan minister at Th Hague Henry Van .
dyke through Ambassador Fag. Us
British government has consented to al-
low the steamer Nleuw Amsterdam to
touch at an linglilh port 00 hr WS '
from Rntterdam -v
from Rotterdam.
The unknown number
of German m
London are in a bad plight
them are penniless.
Many
Ths German Belief society ha snly A .
very small amount of fund and retl
eally all the relief that has bta given la-
the Oerman. refugees hi come front IhV
Salvation army.
The hosts of German Who bought tMka
eta for horn from German consuls at
various town in Great Britain bat Whs
are unable to return t Oermany. ar be-- i
sieging the American consulate in futlii i
efforts to get their ticket manty rg
funded.
The German engaged la Mlltf warB
suggest that an attempt b made to hlgt
their unemployed compatriot te Amertpat
aa they say they ar afraid there nay b
antl-Oerman attack In see th Bntteh
military forces sustain reverses. Their '
fear however seems groundless Id far .
the only anlt-Oerman feeling Shewn s "
peered in the East End where th Win-
dows of a few German bakeries and
bu toher shops were Broken by yenlhtilt
is estimated that there still are 40Mt
Germans In England. ti
The Align line steamer MeA Milan they
Red star line steamer Finland and the)
Holland Amerloan liner Nleuw Amster
dam will bail tomorrow for UvrpooL 1
Dover and Plymouth reepectlvsly Mted "
suu a ... i 1 :
NOTSD MEN WILL BVB.
On French Cemm lesion t OMtrat Ft)
Supply.
Atstrittei Prtu Rtftrt) .
PARIS August 7 (5:50 p. m. Th
government in appointing a cohUhlssloav
to consider the food supply sanitation.
Organisation of employment bureaus and
other kindred subjects that may arise
is arranging .'or the country to hV thg a
service of a number of tne most dlltlh '
guished publlo msn In Franc who M
not be taken into the cabinet. Among
them are Alexandre Rlbot Leon Bour
geols Theophile Delcass Artstlde BlU "
and. Alexandre Miller and Andre C
mills Polletan.
MRS. WHITBLAW RtIO TO AID.
Will Support 12 Red Cross Nurses fo4t
Great Britain. v
(Atiteitted frett Reptrl. )
WASHINGTON. August I. - Mrsv
Whitelaw Bold widow of the former am. I
baeaador to Oreat Britain notified thS
American Red Cross today that she will
defray th xpnses ot It Red CroM
nurses for Great Britain for one month. ' :
Uri nM li .1 .nt llnAA I a ik.
leh Red Cross. '
Improvement In the condition of Araer.
leans abroad throughout the war song
Wa reported today at the first meeting
or the Dosro created by President Wilson
to deal with th problem.
GERMANS ASK FAIR PLAY.
Accuae Some Newspapers of Being Partial
to the Allies.
(Associated Frcsi Report )
MSW "YORK. August I. -The Unit
German alliance In resolutions made pub-
lic toa calls upon the press of the coun-
try to accord "impartial and Just treat
mi-r.t to all sides'' In I ho European con-
flict snd condemns what It styles tb
' attitude of certain portions of sn Eng
lish speaking American press to spread!
Impreselcns which lend to hatred of Oer
many and Hermans."
Tha statement ah.wlves Emperor WU
Ham foni responsibility for the war and
attributes It to 'France s desire for r
vense for the loss of Alsace-Lorraine.
Russ.it' unappeasable appetite for world
power ami Knglsnd's. Jealousy Of Oft
'"The slllance has formed an aid society
to give sld to widow of German soldiers
a.nd will start a similar movement among
Uermsns throughout the United Btattav.
. tr
1 'S
f
s
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i ' ... . t i ( . Mi
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The Houston Post. (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 29, No. 128, Ed. 1 Sunday, August 9, 1914, newspaper, August 9, 1914; Houston, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth607055/m1/7/: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu.; .