De Leon Free Press (De Leon, Tex.), Vol. 124, No. 14, Ed. 1 Thursday, September 26, 2013 Page: 6 of 10
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Page 6/ Thursday, September 26,2013 / DeLeon Free Press
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Michael Berry
Comanche County
Extension Agriculture Agent
Small Grains for Forage
With the recent incredible
rainfall, many folks are biting at
the bit to plant their winter pas-
tures. Here are a few things to
consider when planting your
small grain crops. Planting
dates can make a difference in
the amount of forage produced
throughout the season. Many
factors can determine when you
are actually able to get out and
plant, but research indicates
that getting seed in the ground
as close to the middle of
September as possible will not
only provide a better chance for
early grazing, but also a higher
forage total for the whole sea-
son.
Depending on who you
talk to proper seeding rates can
vary considerably. Some
research indicates that forage
yield was similar at 30, 60, 90
and 120 pounds seeded per
acre. However, I would not
recommend going below 60
pounds and would suggest 90
pounds per acre or at least
somewhere between 60 and 90
pounds. Seed quality and seed
treatments have allowed us to
drop our seeding rates.
However, a little extra seed can
make all the difference, if due
to weather or some other
unforeseen event you do not get
ideal germination. Almost
always thicker is better for
grazing.
Nutrient management is of
course as important for winter
forage as it is for summer for-
age. If you have been using soil
samples as a part of your yearly
management, then you will
know what the nutrient levels
are in your soil and what type of
starter fertilizer you will need
for your winter forage. A
spring application of 60 to 90
lbs of nitrogen will really
increase your forage. In some
grain research from the 2012
season, 60 lbs of nitrogen was
the most cost efficient, this
should be very close to the
same for forage. How many
cattle you are grazing, your
expected silage yields and the
cost of nitrogen will ultimately
determine the amount of nitro-
gen you apply.
Just like the weather
insects and disease always pres-
ent challenges. Your first chal-
lenge will be to keep the army-
worms and grasshoppers at bay.
Hopefully, the grasshopper
population is starting to dwin-
dle and they will not be as big
of an issue, but on those
September planted fields you
will want to be very diligent in
scouting for army worms. Rust
is always a threat to wheat and
oats. If you are grazing closely
you will probably keep it
grazed out, but if you are plan-
ning to cut for silage you will
want to consider the use of a
fungicide. There are good
fungicides available and the
costs are low for the insurance
they provide. Using varieties
with good mst resistance is a
good idea, but not fool proof.
The mst fungus can change
from one year to the next, mak-
ing resistant varieties no longer
resistant.
Finally, what to plant?
There are several choices of
small grains: wheat, oats, rye,
triticale and barley, and that
does not even include the rye-
grasses. Within each of these
there are lots of different variety
selections. Wheat provides the
most flexibility, you can use it
for forage or as a dual purpose
crop, or for grain only. Wheat
has good cold tolerance and
there are many good varieties to
choose from. Triticale is a cross
between rye and wheat. It typ-
ically has higher yields than
wheat, but the quality can be
lower. Be sure to select a vari-
ety or blend of varieties with
cold hardiness. Rye is the most
cold hardy of all the small
grains, it is the best winter pro-
ducer, but it matures early and
quality decreases in the spring.
It has very good disease resist-
ance. Oats make excellent high
quality forage, but winterkill
can be an issue. There are now
oat varieties that offer better
cold hardiness. Oats can be
susceptible to some mst prob-
lems. Ryegrass is not a small
grain, but a cool season grass.
Ryegrass has the capability to
produce very high forage yields
of quality forage. Typically
ryegrass will continue to pro-
duce through the spring and as
late as early June, but depend-
ing on the severity of the win-
ter, it does not normally provide
a lot of early grazing.
While winter forages are a
great source of feed, it is never
a good idea to put all your eggs
in one basket. Use winter for-
ages in a combination with feed
and other forage sources to get
your cow herd through the win-
ter.
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Kestner, Laura. De Leon Free Press (De Leon, Tex.), Vol. 124, No. 14, Ed. 1 Thursday, September 26, 2013, newspaper, September 26, 2013; De Leon, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth787140/m1/6/: accessed July 16, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu.; crediting Comanche Public Library.