The Refugio Review. (Refugio, Tex.), Vol. 5, No. 38, Ed. 1 Friday, November 22, 1912 Page: 3 of 8
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IMPORTANCE OF PECAN
Qne of Best Money-Producing
Trees in United States.
Wo Other Agricultural or Horticultural
Product Attracting More Atten-
tion or Being More Widely
Exploited In South.
(By C. A. REED.)
The pecan is one of the most im-
portant of the nut-bearing trees grown
in the United States, and within the
area thought to be adapted to its cul-
ture no other agricultural or horti-
cultural product which has appeared
during recent years is attracting
greater attention or bring so widely
exploited.
It was not found by the early
botanists nearer the Atlantic coast
than Western Alabama in the south
and Central Tennessee and Kentucky
in the north, but with the progress of
agriculture in the south the species
has been carried eastward and widely
distributed with apparent success over
the Eastern Gulf and South Atlantic
states. It has also been sparingly in-
troduced into many of 'the northern
states, including Ohio, Michigan, New
York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Dela-
ware, New Jersey, and to a slight ex-
tent into the lower New England
states. In the west it has received
but little attention. A few planted
trees may be found bere and there
tracts of land, frequently several hun-
dred acres in extent, are being plant-
ed to pecan tnees and later sold to
outside investors. For several years
the demand for nursery-grown trees
has been far beyond the supply, lead-
ing nurserymen booking orders for
their entire output from six t.o eight
months before the planting season.
Most unusual interest is being mani-
fested in pecan culture and invest-
ments, w'hich are large for an indus-
try that is still in its infancy, are be-
ing made in spite of the fact that very
few pecan orchards are as yet of suf-
ficient age to have been in bearing
long enough to furnish reliable data
upon which to make safe estimates as
to the probable yields of a given va-
riety at any stated age in particular
localities. Observations, accurate in
themselves, on the bearing records of
single trees here and there are fre-
quently taken as the basis for esti-
mates as to the probable yield of an
entire orchard of the same variety or
varieties, but as it usually develops
that the trees making these records
have grown under conditions of ex-
ceptionally favorable environment, the
fallacy of such calculations is at once
apparent. To be at all trustworthy,
estimates as to future yields must be
based on the average records of a
great number of trees under normal
conditions rather than of single trees
which are conspicuous because of
their normal production.
An erroneous impression to the
effect that the pecan has no serious
enemies in the way of insect pests or
fungous diseases and that it is not
affected by drought, freezing temper-
Pecan Foliage and Flowers.
£rom Washington to Southern Cali-
fornia, but pecan growing has not be-
come an important industry west of
the Rocky Mountains.
The evident age of not uncommon
large trees near the Gulf coast indi-
cates that the planting of pagans in
SbuEIf'ern states east and south of
the area of the natural range of the
species has been in progress for more
than a century. The planting of
orchards in those states began with
seedling trees about 20 years after
the civil war. During the early nine-
ties grafted and budded trees of
named varieties appeared in sufficient
numbers so that a few orchards of
such trees were then planted, but
comparatively few orchards of either
seedling or grafted trees were planted
previous to 1900. Since that time,
especially during the past five years,
the planting of pecan orchards in the
southern states has been taking place
at a rapidly accelerating rate.
In Southern Mississippi, Southern
Alabama, Central and Southern
Georgia and Northern Florida, large
atures, or high winds has become pre*
valent among a considerable portion
of prospective commercial and
amateur planters. No agricultural
product is without its natural ene-
mies and other obstacles that must be
overcome. When any plant is brought
under cultivation and large contigu-
ous areas are planted, the opportuni-
ties for the development and spread
of the insects and diseases attacking
it are greatly increased. The pecan
is no exception to this rule, and in
due time many serious enemies to it
must be expected to appear.
Long-continued rains at the blos-
soming time which' interfere with pol-
lination, late spring frosts which kill
the buds or destroy the young nutlets,
sudden drops of temperature in winter
during which immature late growth
may he severely frozen back, storms
of such intensity as to blow the nuts
off, and droughts during the late sum-
mer months just as the nuts are
maturing are inevitable obstacles
which must be taken into consider-
ation.
DIPPING IS MOST EFFECTIVE
Treatment Requires Much Less Time
Than Spraying and Is More Satis-
factory in Every Way.
<By H. W. GRAYBILL, D. V. M„ United
States Department of Agriculture.)
Dipping, to rid the cattle of the fe-
■yer tick, as a rule, will be found more
satisfactory in every way than spray-
ing. The treatment requires much
less time and, as a rule, will be found
much more effective. In many cases,
however, when the number of cattle
on a farm is small, it is not economical
to construct a dipping vat. In such
Pail Spraying Pump for Small Herds.
cases if there is a sufficient number of
cattle within a radius of several miles
to warrant the construction of a vat,
it will be advisable for the farmers
to co-operate in constructing a vat
■where all of the cattle of the com-
munity may be dipped. In case the
construction of a community vat is
impracticable, it will then be neces-
sary to resort to spraying or hand
dressing.
In sorayinx animals, a good type of
pail spray pump, costing from $5 to
$7, will probably be found most satis-
factory. It should be provided with
about 15 feet of 3-8-inch high-pressure
hose and a type of nozzle furnishing a
cone-shaped spray of not too wide an
angle. A nozzle with a very small
aperture should not be used, because
the spray produced is too fine to wet
properly the hair and skin of the ani-
mals without consuming an unneces-
sary amount of time.
In spraying animals the work should
be done with great thoroughness. The
animal to be sprayed should be se-
curely tied to a post, or, better still,
to one of the posts of a board or rail
fence or in a fence corner, where it
can not circle about to avoid the treat-
ment. Every portion of the body
should be thoroughly treated, special
attention being given to the head,
dewlap, brisket, inside of elbows, in-
side of thighs and flanks, the tail,
and the depressions at the base of the
tail. An animal can not be satisfac-
torily sprayed unless it is restrained
by tying or some other means, and
results can not be obtained unless the
hair and skin are thoroughly wetted.
Runty Pigs.
By taking the smallest pigs awaj
from the others and feeding them by
themselves as soon as they are
weaned you will seldom have a runty
pig on the place. Runts are merely
those pigs that e.re small at birth
and which do not have a chance with
their stronger companions to get
enough to eat.
Carelessness With Sows.
A weak, poorly nourished mothei
means a weak and sickly lot of pigs.
Most of us are entirely too careless
with the pregnant sows and the pig
must have the right sort of care b
fore they are born. Excessive corn
feeding of sows is too often prao
ticed with serious consequences.
in 1
ARDLY any other portion of
the universe has been the sub-
ject of more war talk than
the Balkan peninsula, and
few sections of the continent
of Europe are less well known in the
western world. The Balkan war
cloud is familiar enough, having ap-
peared and re-appeared at intervals
for years past, yet few people know
why there should be trouble in the
Balkans. Todajr we are face to face
with real conflict, the very existence
of Turkey is at stake, and even Eu-
rope may be engulfed in war. In the
very center of the conflict are the Al-
banians. But who and what are the
Albanians? Well, Albania is a prov-
ince of Turkey situated to the north
of Greece, on the eastern shore of
the Adriatic sea:
It is probably the least-known re-
gion in the Balkan peninsula, and
compared with the other countries
that part of Europe, it has been blit
little explored by travelers, with the
result that its wild and fearless in-
habitants, who number some 1,600,000,
retain, to a large extent, the primi-
tive habits and customs of a bygone
age.
The country is extremely mountain-
ous, especially in the north and
south. There are no railway lines
though several have been projected,
and the development of commerce is
retarded accordingly. Carriage roads
exist in a few Instances, but generally
travelers have still to pass one place
to another by means of bridle-paths.
The inhabitants, who are one of the
most ancient races in Europe, are di-
vided into two divisions, northern
and southern, known as Ghegs and
Tosks. Both have ever been brilliant
fighters, defending their mountain
fastnesses In the past with remark-
able success against all invaders.
Retain Original Customs;
Retaining their original customs
and language, the Albanians present
a marked difference from other races
in the Balkan peninsula. Sir Edwin
Pears in “Turkey and Its People”
gives an interesting description of the
Ghegs and the Tosks. He remarks
that the Ghegs are noted for their
square heads, refined features, and
usually light colored hair; whilst the
Tosks have a heavier cast of features,
with darker hair. Among both, how-
ever, are beautiful heads, which re-
call those of classic Greece. The
characteristic dress of the Ghegs is a
waistcoat, jacket and breeches, each
close-fitting, of a white material, us-
ually resembling tweed cloth, braided
with black. That of the Tosks is the
long white petticoat, known as the
dastanella, which the Greeks who em-
ploy big numbers of Albanians as sol-,
diers, have taken for the uniform of
the king’s guards.
In northern Albania the clan sys-
tem still exists, and the Ghegs very
rarely pay taxes. The scattered Turk-
ish officers possess little authority,
and the one obligation the inhabitants
owe to the Ottoman empire' is that of
providing soldiers in time of war. In
each clan the elders form a council
and preside over gatherings of the
tribesmen, which exercise the supreme
legislative power. Loyalty to the
chief of his clan, and to his work, i#
the Albanian’s greatest virtue. An in-
born courtesy is common to the race.
The best fighter is the best man, and
every Albanian feels himself indepen-
dent, except when bound by the an-
cient customs of his race. In northern
Albania he recognizes no law except
that based on such ancient customs.
The Turk until recently has hardly
attempted to impose any other law.
Whether in the field or the market-
place, he is nearly always armed, and
[s ready to fight on the smallest pre-
text. The boy attains manhood -when
he can show he possesses arms which
he has captured from an enemy. All
fire the rifle a» a sign of jov. and
Christian congregations are summon-
ed to divine service by a definite num-
ber of shots.
The primitive method of revenge by
means of the vendetta, or blood-
feud, still obtains in the country, and
the slaying of one member of a family
or clan leads to a series of crimes or
to warfare. The claims of hospitality,
however, are very strict, and injury
to a guest has to be revenged. In the
case of marriages, a stipulated price
is paid for the bride. Marriage by
capture remains the rule today. Wom-
en are respected, but wives have to
work their (|ihrdest in the fields. There
is very little education in the coun-
try, although there are schools in
some of the towns.
It is this primitive race whose quar-
rel with the Turk is not very clearly
understood in the west, which is wor-
rying the concert of Europe. In the
first place, as has been shown, the
vnOst successful of sultans and oon-
(fiuering generals in the' ’tflydey of Ot-
toman power never succeed'd in sub-
duing the Albanians. These gallant
mountaineers acknowledged the sov-
ereignty of the sultan only so far as it
protected them from the encroach-
ments of other nations who would
have civilized them.
Turks’ Nefarious Rule.
The present trouble with the Alban-
ians began when the new constitu-
tional regime came into being in Tur-
key four years ago. The Young Turks
insisted on regarding themselves as
the dominant authority in Turkey.
This would have been all right if they
had had numerical preponderance and
the moral and Intellectual ability to
dominate the other races.
All races in the Turkish dominions
have, suffered during the nefarious
rule of the Young Turks’ secret com-
mittee of mediocre men, but none
more than the Albanians. In a few
weeks their centuries-old privileges
and immunities were abolished, their
country was invaded by hordes of in-
experienced officios of a race which
they held to be their inferiors, their
language was tabooed in the schools
and forbidden in the printing press
unless written in Turkish characters,
their young men were drafted into the
Turkish army and sent off to Asia
Minor and the deadly Yemen to be
shot, a system of taxation was intro-:
duced. which threatened to drain them
as dry as their Macedonian neighbors,
and worse than all, they were notified
jto surrender their firearms,
j The result -was rebellion. But the
iAlbanians could do nothing against
the trained troops equipped with ma-
J chine guns which the Turks turned
|against them. The rebels fled to thq
pountains and soon .their little peace-
ful villages were the scenes of fright.)
ful massacres too horrible to recount.
Arms having failed, the Albanians de-
cided to try constitutional methods at
'the general election which took place
ast spring. But by violence and llle-
al use of the army the Young Turks*
ecret committee, it is said, prevented
ree elections not only in Albania but
/throughout the empire, with the result
'that a parliament of Turks, subser-
vient to the committee of union and
progress, was elected.
Again the Albanians rebelled, and
this. time with greater success. The
army ordered agair.st them refused to
march, in fact made common cajtse,
many of them, with the rebels. This
time, instead of haring to defend
themselves in their mountains, the Al-
banians have been able to invade
Macedonia, since when the “packed”
Turkish parliament has been turned
out and a new cabinet of Young Turks
formed. The Albanians have been
promised redress of their grievance?
by the new government. But so far
they have refused to go home. They
want to see the promises of the Turki
carried out. If they are not they .will
march to Constantinople.
4.
MUFFLED KNOCKS.
“You’re such a plain, old-fashioned
girl, Miss Mellon, that it’s so restful
to talk to you.”
“You played that jumble of discords
so dexterously, Miss Poppinjy, that I
feel sure you could play a real tune
if you’d try.”
“Pshucks, old chap, I alwmys go to
the theater when you play; I want to
be sure that you have one friend in
the audience, anyhow.”
“You mustn’t mind Bobby staring at
you, Uncle Thomas; he’s never seen
anybody eat pie with a knife before.”
“If you had been about 50 years
younger, Mr. Sheldon, I should have
been seriously offended -when you tried
to hug me.”
“You pitched a splendid game, old
boy, considering that you don’t know
a curve from a right angle.”
How He Made Good.
“Women,” said the impassioned so-
ciological orator, “prefer the cave
man.”
There was much confusion in the
hall and some hissing.
Then a lady of problematical years
arose and faced the speaker.
“I should like,” she severely said,
“to ask the age of the women to whom
you have just alluded.”
The speaker realized that he was on
thin ice, but his nerve did not desert
him. He hesitated just a moment.
“The stone age!” he roared, and
went on with his lecture.
THE KIDS KNEW.
Swipsey—Is Jimmie’s old man really
so bald-headed?
Mickey—Sure! Why, he has to tie
a piece of string around his head to
tell how far up to wash his face.
His Greatest Moment.
The lion tamer’s wife
Makes him walk a narrow line.
But when he goes inside a cage
His attitude is fine.
Little Surprises.
“Hello! Is that the janitor? Please
shut off the heat! We’re roasting up
here?”
“A few words more, my friends, and
I am done. I thank you.”
“We have other brands of tobacco,
sir, but they’re not as good as the
kind you want.”
“Binks, I’ve come to the conclusion
that it’s wrong to bet on ball games.
Here’s the money I won from you
yesterday.”
“No, maw, I don’t want any more
pie.”
Knew He Had ’Em.
Schoolmaster — Now, Tommy
Squibbs, tell me how many bones
there are in your body.
Tommy Squibbs—’Undreds, sir! I
'ad herrin’s fer breakfast!—Gomic
Cuts.
Commanding Popular Attention.
“What are you going to do next?”
asked the anxious campaigners; “you
have instructed the public on every
possible topic pertaining to art, mor-
als and political economy.”
“I don’t know,” replied the indus-
trious candidate. “We must keep the
people interested somehow. I guess
I’ll take up the latest fad and deliver
a course of lectures on how to be
beautiful.”
Once.
“Have you ever posed in the ‘alto-
gether?’ ” asked the artist.
“Once,” replied the new model. “I
went over to Europe last summer
and when I returned the customs offi-
cials at New York seemed to think
they had reason to believe I was try-
ing to smuggle something in.”
He Explains.
“These doughnuts—” began the
man.
“What’s the matter with them?” de-
manded the Vere de Vere behind the
lunch counter.
“I think their inner tubes are punc-
tured.”
Literally True.
Father—My daughter tells me you
have all kinds of money.
Suitor—Yes, sir.
Father—May I ask what your busi-
ness is?
Suitor—I’m a coin collector.—
Judge.
A Terrible Truth.
“Why do you wish to bury yourself
in the army? Promotion is very slow.”
“Promotion is much more rapid
since the aeroplane corps was estab-
lished.”
TOO MUCH.
Kitty—It’s hard to believe that she’s
as intelligent a woman as they say
she is. She’s going to marry a Jap,
you know.
Peggy—Well, love is blind, they say.
Kitty—Yes; but there’s no excuse
for its being color-blind.
Taken at His Word.
He said. “I’ve never kissed a maid—
I simply couldn’t brook it.”
And those who heard him talking sayed,
“By Jove! old chap, you look it!”
A Serious Proposition.
“Is you de S. P. C. A.?” asked the
colored man with his arm in a sling.
“i am a member of the society,”
replied the earnest-looking young
man.
“Well, I wants to repo’t thy mule to
you. I has been arrested twice on his.
account an’ I ain’t gwine to hah no
mo’ words wif ’im.”
“Has anybody hurt him?”
“No, boss. But look at me. I ha3
been kicked, tromped on an’ cussed
in mule talk. If I’s got to be kind to
dat animal, I -wants some under-
stand^’ dat will compel reciprocity
or, at de very leas’, arbitration.”
His Examination.
“So you want to marry my daugh-
ter?”
“Yes, sir.”
“Got any money saved up?”
“Yes, sir.”
“Could you let me have $5,000 on
my unsecured note?”
“I could, but I wouldn't.”
“I guess you can take care of hef
all right. She your’s, my boy, and
here’s a five-cent cigar.”
Suggestion.
The superintendent asked the Sun-
day school: “With what remarkable
weapon..did_ Samson slay the__Phijis-
tinues?’
“For a while there was no answer.
The superintendent, to revive the
children’s memory, commenced tap-
ping his jaw with the tip of hia
finger, at the same time saying,
“What’s this?”
Quick as a thought a little fellow
replied quite innocently: “The jaw-
bone of an ass, sir.” — National
Monthly.
Snub for Snub.
“I don’t see why women get into
a state of mind that causes them to
turn their backs on one another and
refuse to speak,” said Mr. Naggles.
“And for my part,” replied Mrs.
Naggles, “I never could see why so
many men in politics are always re-
fusing to shake hands with some-
body.”
Favoritism.
“The trouble is that my boss has
fa-writes. You can’t deny it.”
’T won’t deny it. But have you
noticed that his favorite do all the
hard work about the place?”
WHERE?
His Mother—Diet you get any marks
in school today?
Tommy—Yes’m; but you couldn’t
see ’em unless I went in swimming.
A Lazy Fellow.
He looked on life
And thought it good.
Until his wife
Said, “Chop some wood.”
Keeping Them Off.
“Do you consider such a marriage
as that of a man so confirmed a drunk-
ard as Jaggs to a circus performer, a
fitting one?”
“A perfectly fit marriage. She’s a
snake charmer.”
Does Seem Strange.
“Went ba£k to one of my old fishin1,
plae.es today.”
“Ketch anything, grandpop?”
“Naw. Can’t understand it, nuther.
They used to bite well there sixty
years ago.”
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The Refugio Review. (Refugio, Tex.), Vol. 5, No. 38, Ed. 1 Friday, November 22, 1912, newspaper, November 22, 1912; (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth846810/m1/3/: accessed July 16, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu.; crediting Dennis M. O’Connor Public Library.