The Lampasas Daily Leader (Lampasas, Tex.), Vol. 27, No. 270, Ed. 1 Tuesday, January 20, 1931 Page: 2 of 4
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THE LAMPASAS LEADER
A new National Park
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------- Williamsburg ,Va..
pocaHontas Statue
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Moore House, Yorktown, Va Where Cornwallis Surrendered
By ELMO SCOTT WATSON
NCLE SAM is soon to have a new
national park, a playground for his
children which is richer in historic
interest, perhaps, than any- •ther
tract of the same size in his whole
domain. For under the terms of the
Cramton bill, sponsored by Repre-
sentative Louis C. Cramton of
Michigan and passed by both houses
of congress last year, a narrow
peninsula between the James and York rivers in
Virginia, which has aptly been called the “Cra-
dle of the Republic,” will become the “National
Colonial Monument.”
By the provisions of the bill, most of James-
town island, where the first permanent English
settlement in America was founded in 1607, will
be taken over. A small part now in the hands of
the Association for the Preservation of Virginia
Antiquities will remain in the custody of that
organization, but the remainder will become the
property of the federal government. A sea wall
will be built around the island to halt the erosion
which has been slowly washing it away; the
marshes will be drained, and perhaps a reproduc-
tion of the original settlement, with its log cab-
ins and stockade, will be constructed.
Jamestown will be connected with Williams-
burg, six miles distant, by a picturesque, winding
road, passing through trees a large part of the
way, and built to resemble a colonial highway.
Only enough of Williamsburg to permit the road-
way to pass through the town will be included in
the monument, but all visitors to the latter will
also wish to see Williamsburg, now undergoing
a marvelous transformation at the hands of John
D. Rockefeller, Jr.
From Williamsburg the winding road will pro-
ceed to Yorktown, 14 miles away. The historic
field where, on October 19, 1781, the British under
Cornwallis marched out with bands playing, "The
World Turned Upside Down,” and surrendered to
the American and French, will be taken over and
incorporated in the monument. The Moore house
near the field where the terms of surrender were
drawn up has been bought by Mr. Rockefeller and
will be open to visitors.
Thus, within a radius of 14 miles from Williams-
burg the tourist will be able to visit the place
where American colonial history began, the place
where many of the most Interesting events of
the colonial era occurred and the place where
that era came to a close.
Of first interest in the new national monument
Is Jamestown, “the birthplace of Virginia and of
the United States.” What its part in the nation’s
history has been is shown by the following chro-
nology :
May 13, 1607—The first permanent English set-
tlement in America was made at Jamestown by
colonists sent out by the London company.
September 10, 1608—Capt. John Smith began to
serve as president of the council, the chief execu-
tive of the colony.
October 4, 1609—Capt. John Smith took passage
for England, leaving George Perry as his succes-
sor. Smith never returned to Jamestown.
October, 1609—June, 1610—The “starving time”
of which only 60 of the original 500 settlers sur-
vived.
June 7, 1610—Every one embarked from James-
town for England, but two days later they re-
turned with Lord De la Ware, who brought sup-
plies and additional settlers.
1612—John Rolfe began the cultivation of to-
bacco.
April 1, 1614—Pocahontas was married to John
Rolfe and peace with the Indians prevailed until
her death.
July 30, 1619—The first legislative assembly in
America met at Jamestown.
March 22, 1622—The great Indian massacre, led
by Chief Opechancanough,. brother of Powhatan,
took place and out of a population of 1,240 whites,
347 were slain.
June 26, 1624—The royal charter of the London
company was declared null and void and Virginia
became a royal province.
August, 1641—Sir William Berkeley commis-
sioned governor of Virginia.
March 12, 1652—The colonly surrendered to rep-
resentatives of parliament.
1676—The year of Bacon’s rebellion in which
Jamestown was burned by Bacon September 16,
1676.
April, 1699—Middle Plantation, now Williams-
burg, made the seat of government by an act
passed by the general assembly.
At present only a few ruins of the historic town
are left. Most interesting of these, of course, is
the square brick tower, all that remains of the
church built by Lord De la Ware in 1639 and
burned by Nathaniel Bacon in 1676. This brick
structure had succeeded the frame structure in
which Pocahontas had been baptized and given the
napie of Lady Rebecca and in which she was
married to John Rolfe. Second only in interest
to the church tower is the oldest house of English
construction in America today which stands just
across the river from Jamestown island. It Is
known as the Warren estate (also as Smith’s
fort) and was built for the son of John Rolfe and
Pocahontas and he lived in it for many years. A
more modern structure which always attracts the
attention of the visitor is the Pocahontas statue,
erected in 1922 by the Pocahontas Memorial asso-
ciation, composed of descendants of the Indian
girl, who is represented in it as hurrying with
outstretched hands to help save the colonists from
starvation or the tomahawk of hostile Indians.
Just as Jamestown represents the early colonial
period in our history, so does Williamsburg repre-
sent the middle period or the “golden age” of the
colonial regime. In 1623 Governor Wyatt consid-
ered the plan of running a palisade between the
James and York rivers from Martin’s Hundred to
Chiskiack, but this plan was delayed. In 1632 Dr.
John Pott obtained a patent for 1,200 acres of
land at the head of Archer’s Hope creek and the
next year a palisade, six miles long, was built
connecting the head of Archer’s Hope creek, which
is a tributary of the James river, and the head of
Queen’s creek, a tributary of the York river. On
the ridge between the two rivers and close to the
palisade, a settlement, called Middle Plantations,
was made. The chronology of Middle Plantations,
which became Williamsburg, is as follows:
1693—The general assembly enacted a law pro-
viding “that the Middle Plantation be the place
for erecting the College of William and Mary in
Virginia.”
1698— After the burning of Jamestown, Governor
Francis Nicholson established Middle Plantation
as the seat of government.
1699— The action of Governor Nicholson was
approved by the general assembly and an act was
passed directing the building of the capitol at
Middle Plantation. Two hundred and eighty-three
acres were laid out for a city. The main street
was named Duke of Gloucester street, in honor of
Queen Anne’s eldest son.
1705— The general assembly met for the first
time in the new capitol building. Appropriation
was made to begin the governor’s palace.
1706— Mattey’s free school founded.
1716—William Levingston built here the first
theater in America.
1722—The town of Williamsburg was incorpor-
ated as a city.
1730—First permanent printing office south of
the Potomac river established by William Parks.
1736—The Virginia Gazette, the first newspaper
south of the Potomac, established by William
Parks.
1764—The capitol building burned.
May 29, 1765—Patrick Henry offered his resolu-
tions against the Stamp Act in the house of
burgesses.
May 6, 1776—The fifth and most important of
all revolutionary conventions in Virginia met and
adopted the first Virginia constitution.
April, 1780—Through the influence of Thomas
Jefferson, who was elected governor in 1779, the
seat of government was moved from Williamsburg
to Richmond.
The restoration of historic Williamsburg to its
ancient appearance through funds provided by
John D. Rockefeller, Jr., is one of the romantic
incidents of modern American history. To list all
of the historic buildings which are still standing
little changed by the passing of two centuries
as well as those which are being restored
would require a volume for the telling. Certainly
none is more interesting than the structure which
houses the College of William and Mary and
which contains memories of so many great men.
Washington received from the college his com-
mission as surveyor and served as chancellor of
it from 1788 to his death. Thomas Jefferson was a
student there from March, 1760, to April, 1762.
James Monroe also studied there, leaving at the
outbreak of the Revolution to join the Continental
army. The list of early students also Included
such names as the Randolphs, the Wythes, the
Madisons, the Harrisons and in later years it car-
ried on its rolls John Marshall, later the great
chief justice of the United States Supreme court,
and John Tyler, another Virginia President.
Other notable buildings include Bruton Parish
church, built in 1715 on the foundations of the
former church which had been built in 1683, which
contains among other relics of interest the bap-
tismal font in which Pocahontas was baptized
the famous old Raleigh tavern in one room o
which was organized on December 5, 1776, tin
Phi Beta Kappa society; and the old colonial jail
which held such famous prisoners as Gov. Henry
Hamilton, the British “Hair-Buyer,” after his cap-
ture at Vincennes by George Rogers Clark, the
Virginian, and the followers of Blackboard, the
pirate.
Just as Jamestown prepared the way for Wil-
liamsburg, so did Williamsburg prepare the way
for Yorktown and the historic events which took
place there. The three are inseparable. In 1621 a
royal patent was granted to the lands now occu-
pied by Yorktown, and in 1691 by an act of the
general assembly 50 acres of land were purchased
for a port on the York river, the price paid being
10,000 pounds of tobacco, the standard of cur-
rency in Virginia at that time. This land was
divided into 83 half-acre lots and streets laid out
and named, many of which are the same today.
Here in 1715 the first custom house in America
(still standing) was built and it became the port
of entry for Boston, New York and other north-
ern ports. Yorktown’s greatest fame came, how-
ever, in 1781 When its siege by the French and
American forces finally brought about the sur-
render of Cornwallis and the freedom of the Amer-
ican colonies.
(© by Western Newspaper Unlou.>
WORKERS WITHOUT RESOURCES
By DR. ALVA W. TAYLOR, Vanderbilt University Professor.
W WNDER-CONSUMPTION as well as over-production is responsi-
ble for unemployment in the United States. The average wage
of thb working man in the United States is $1,200 a year. This
condition obtains in the wealthiest nation of the earth. Seventy-
five millions of our people subsist on such incomes and less. What can
they buy with so little money? Fnw are they to save for times like this?
How are they to spend $5 to end the stagnation?
If the industrial leaders, who are urging the little merchant and the
poor worker to spend $5 to end the depression, would release the vast
amounts they themselves have hoarded up, the depression might be ended
temporarily. Let them spend $5,000 a week for a while.
I believe that 7,500,000 persons are without any means of livelihood.
There is no greater tragedy, not even death, than the tragedy of an hon-
est man in his right mind walking the streets for work and finding none.
So long as you deny work to millions, you are sowing more seeds of
discontent and radicalism than all the soap-box orators in the country.
The machine and over-production are ultimately responsible for the
condition. We have given more attention to mechanical engineering than
human engineering. We have forgotten the worker. Would it not be
wiser and more just to arrange for the employment of all workers dis-
placed by a machine before it is put into use? If necessary, we should
shorten the hours and days of labor without reducing wages. The worker
has a right to profit by the economy of the machine by more leisure. As
it is, the owner of the machine profits by the increased profit and the
worker loses his job.
MORE JUSTICE IN BUSINESS
By REV. DR. DANIEL RUSSELL, New York (Presbyterian).
Business should conduct itself so that its friends conscientiously may
defend it. While the majority of young persons have no sympathy with
radicalism, they find their enthusiasm curbed in defending the estab-
lished order. »
It is said that if all injustice were to be taken out of industry there
trould be no danger of social strife. It is well to remember that it was
after the injustices of the czarist regime were done away with that the
irresponsible forces of loot and murder were let loose in Bussia. Because
business forgets so often the fundamental human aspects of its enterprise,
thousands of the rising generation find their enthusiasm curbed to the
vanishing point by the fact that the well-to-do have not the faintest
knowledge of how the other half lives, not in the physical sense, but men-
tally and spiritually.
In the light of Christ’s teaching of brotherhood, business must real-
ize that its allocation of profits as between workmen on one hand, and
stockholders and highly paid executives on the other, must be made in the
fear of God and the spirit of Jesus; and that a profit received without
adequate service rendered is as truly an abomination in the sight of God
as the‘false balances which the Scripture condemns.
BUSINESS REVIVAL AT HAND
By CHARLES C. TEAGUE, Federal Farm Board.
The current business depression cannot last long. Confidence has
been shaken to such a degree that there has been a general depression
far more widespread than the conditions warrant. Confidence plays an
important part in the prosperity of the country. Our business structure
has never been sounder. The great body of our people are working and at
good wages. I am therefore confident that this depression cannot last
long; already there are signs of better times.
The Federal Farm board, up to November 7, 1930, had loaned to
farm organizations a total of $303,347,000, of which $119,900,000 has been
repaid, leaving outstanding $183,446,000. To five of the seven marketing
! associations created through the efforts of The Farm board, fifty-two loans
have been made aggregating $102,364,000.
In our major crops, such as wheat end cotton, which are grown over
/Such wide areas by so many producers, it is doubtful if there is any cure
for depressing surpluses except reduction of production, either by vol*
untary action of producers or forced by low prices.
NATION NEEDS HEALTHY YOUTH
By PRESIDENT HOOVER.
The recent White House conference on child health and protection
revealed that one boy and girl in every four enjoy less than the full
measure of health, which is the inherent right of every human being.
Most of their ph}rsical deficiencies could be prevented or remedied or
compensated if knowledge of the best way of every-day living was spread
to every family, every school and to every community.
Every farmer knows from personal experiment how much more flour-
ishing is the result from a single row of corn to which he has applied his
industry and skill. Imagine how much more flourishing would be the
10,000,000 young human beings if equal industry should apply equally
exact scientific knowledge in making them as strong and vigorous and
perfect as the prize-winning row of corn.
Not only would the world be materially enriched by their greater pos-
sibilities of usefulness when they grow up, but, much more than that, their
own lives would be enriched by untold joy and happiness.
PRODUCTION AND UNEMPLOYMENT
By PROF. PAUL H. DOUGLAS, University of Chicago.
The present business depression threatened long before it became an
actuality. During the past decade very unfamiliar changes have been
occurring. The output per worker in manufacturing has increased by
approximately 45 per cent, but to the surprise of most business men, the
number of workers employed in manufacturing has not only diminished
relatively, but absolutely, there being before the business depression began
approximately 900,000 fewer wage earners in our factories than there
had been ten years before.
Improvements in production do not cause workers to be permanently
employed, and in those cases where the demand is not sufficiently elastic
they cause workers to be disnlaced from their old lob*.
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The Lampasas Daily Leader (Lampasas, Tex.), Vol. 27, No. 270, Ed. 1 Tuesday, January 20, 1931, newspaper, January 20, 1931; Lampasas, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth906659/m1/2/: accessed June 26, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu.; crediting Lampasas Public Library.