The Batesville Herald. (Batesville, Tex.), Vol. 6, No. 18, Ed. 1 Thursday, May 10, 1906 Page: 3 of 4
This newspaper is part of the collection entitled: Texas Borderlands Newspaper Collection and was provided to The Portal to Texas History by the UNT Libraries.
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GMHEUTS REPORT
SENT TO CONGRESS
PRESIDENT ACCOMPANIES IT
WITH SPECIAL MESSAGE.
FREIGHT RATES AND OIL.
Statement Made That the Depart-
ment of Jnatice Will Take Ip
the <lne»ti»i> of limtltut-
in|{ Proieeutlona.
Washington. — President Roosevelt
has transmitted to congress the re-
port of James R. Garfield, com-
missioner of corporations, giving
the results of his investigation of
the subject of transportation and
freight rates in connection with
the oil industry. In his message
the president expresses the view that
the report is of capital importance, be-
cause of the effort now being made to
secure such enlargement of the pow-
ers of the interstate commerce com-
mission a3 will confer upon the com-
mission power in some measure ade-
quate to meet the clearly-demon-
strated needs of the situation. The
facts set forth in the report, he de-
clares, are for the most part not dis-
puted. That the Standard Oil Co. has
benefitted enormously up almost to
the present moment by secret rates,
many of which were clearly unlawful,
the president says the report clearly
shows, the benefit thereby secured
amounting to at least three-quarters
of a million a year. On this subject
he says:
This three-quarters of a million repre-
sents the profit that the Standard Oil
Co. obtains at the expense of the rail-
roads; but of course the ultimate result
is that it obtains a much larger profit
at the expense of the public. A very
striking result of the investigation has
been that shortly after the discovery of
these secret rates by the commissioner
of corporations, the major portion of
them were promptly corrected by the
railroads, so that most of them have now
been done away with. This immediate
correction, partial or complete, of the
evil of the secret rates, is of course on
the one hand an acknowledgment that
they were wrong, and yet were perse-
vered in until exposed; on the other hand,
a proof of the efficiency of the work
that has been done by the bureau of cor-
porations.
The statement is added that the de-
partment of justice will take up the
question of instituting prosecutions in
at least certain of the cases, and the
hope is expressed that congress will
enact into law the bill of Senator
Knox to correct the interpretation of
the immunity provision rendered in
Judge Humphrey's decision. 'Con-
tinuing. the president says:
But In addition to these secret r:
the Standard Oil profits immensely
open rates, which
give it
are so arranged
an overwhelming advar
etlti
ates
by
mged as to
antage over
npetitors. This is a
example of the numerous
are inevitable under a sys-
shipper and the
to crush out all
in-
, dependent action because of the absence
of adequate and thorough-going govern-
mental control. Exactly similar condi-
tions obtain in a large part of the west
and southwest.
Its Independent comp
racteristic
h a)
lich
re lert Tree to cru
individual initiative and all power of
ch
evils wmcn are inevi1
tern in which the big
left fre
laracteristi
11s which
tern in
railroad
It is not possible to put Into figures the
mount by which the Standard
through
exact
profits through the
shown it by the rail;
vn it
with the onen rates.
h the Standar
the gross favoritism
roads in connection
onen
The profit of course comes not merely
>y the saving in the rate itself as com-
pared with its competitors, but by the
higher prices it is able to charge and
higher prices it is able to charge an
by the complete control of the marks
which it secures, thereby getting th
profit on the whole consumption.
The president calls attention to that
feature of the report regarding the
manner in which the law is evaded by
treating as state commerce what in
reality is merely a part of interstate
commerce. He says it is clearly
shown “that this device is employed
on the New York Central railroad, as
well as on many other railroads, in
such fashion as to amount to thwart-
ing the purpose of the law, although
the forms of the law may be com-
plied with.”
It is unfortunately not true, he
says, that the Standard Oil Co. is the
only corporation which has benefitted
and is benefiting in wholly improper
fashion, by an elaborate series of rate
discriminations. The Sugar Trust,
he adds, according to the results of
the investigation now in progress,
rarely, if ever, pays the lawful rate
for transportation. He declares that
in the effort to prevent the railroads
from uniting for improper purposes,
“we have very unwisely prohibitei
them from uniting for proper pur-
poses; that is, for purposes of pro-
tecting themselves and the general
public as against the power of the
great corporations.”
He favors, as an element of com-
petition, putting alcohol used in the
arts on the free list, and of keeping
Sympathy of Lrptri.
Honolulu. — The lepers at the
settlement of Molokai have held a
mass-meeting, at which they adopted
lengthy and eloquently-worded res-
olutions in the Hawaiian language ex-
pressing sympathy for the sufferers
from the San Francisco lire.
Will Stan 1003 Scale.
Columbus, O. — It is an-
nounced here that the Lorain Coal &
Dock Co., owning mines in eastern Ohio,
which employ about 2,000 miners, had
reached an agreement with its men and
would sign the 1903 scale.
the fee to oil and coal lands of the Iiv
dian tribes cr on the public domain
in the government, the lands to be
leased only on such terms and for
such periods as will enable the gov-
ernment to entirely control them.
Garfield's Report.
Washington. — In summarizing
his report Commissioner Garfield
speaks of his personal visit to the
oil fields, and of the great mass of
data obtained by him either personal-
ly or through agents of the bureau of
corporations. The preliminary study
of this was transportation, which en-
ters so largely into the cost of the
finished product, and hence a most
important factor in competition.
Taking up the subject of the output
of refined oil. Mr. Garfield finds that
it amounts to about 26,000,'300 barrels
annually, of which the Standard Oil
Co., directly and indirectly, controls
about 23,000,000, and approximately
the same proportion of the other fin-
ished products of petroleum.
Continuing, the report says:
The Standard claims that the locaiton
of its rerineries and the use of pipe lines
are natural advantages to which it is
justly entitled by reason of the energy
and foresight of its managers. While in
fo:
its managers. While in
measure that is true, it must not be
irgotten that these advantages were
art obtained by means of unfair cc
etitive methods after years of tierce
dustrial
The
methods after years of tierce
strife.
>m-
in-
The development of the pipe line sys-
tem by the Standard Oit Co. was the re-
sult of special agreements with railroad
companies. Furthermore, those so-called
natural advanthges have been, and are
being greatly increased by discrimlna-
s wi
those so-called
thges have
increased
sight rates, botl
secret, interstate and state, which give
special agi
mies. Furthermore,
iave
ed
bot
terstate and state, which gi
the Standard monopolistic control in the
exi
any independent to a point which even re-
motely endangers the supremacy of the
Standard.
An immediate result of this delimitation
of the competitive area is shown by the
prices of ordinary illuminating oil
throughout the country. After deducting
the freight rate, the price of such oil
is usually from two cents to five cents
a gallon higher in the non-competitive
than in the competitive fields. A reason-
able profit upon refined oil is about one-
half a cent per gallon. It is clear that
exorbitant profits are obtained in the
noncompetitive fields. This monopolistic
control extends from the well of the pro-
ducer to the doorstep of the consumer.
Mr. Garfield cites the fact that the
New York Central Railroad Co. was
the only one which refused for itself
and affiliated lines to give access to
records of state rates.
At the beginning of the investiga-
tion, he says, the Standard Oil Co.
denied that it had obtained in recent
years, or was now obtaining any re-
bate or other transportation discrim-
ination as against its competitors, and
yet, he says, a most careful re-
view of the facts and the explanations
leads to the conclusion that the Stand-
ard Oil Co. has habitually received
from the railroads, and is now receiv-
ing secret rates and other unjust and
illegal discriminations.
In 1904 these secret rates saved to
the Standard Oil Co. three-quarters of
a million dollars, representing the
difference between the open rates and
the rates actually paid.
“These discriminations.” he says,
“have been so long continued, so se-
cret, so ingeniously applied to new
conditions of trade, and so large in
amount as to make it certain that
they were due to concerted action by
the Standard and the railroads.
He says further that the Standard
Oil Co. is receiving unjust discrimi-
nations in the matter of open rates, the
published rates from the leading
Standard shipping points being rela-
tively much lower than rates from the
shipping points of its competitors.
The report concludes as follows:
Nevertheless, the widespread discrimi-
nations in open rates still in force leave
the independents in serious disadvantage.
The investigation has only incidentally
touched state shipments from distrib-
uting centers, particularly in less than
carload lots. The few instances examined
he probability of discriminations
shipments which, takei
nectlon with through traffic, m
in discriminations on tnt
suggest the probability of discrlmtna
on such shipments which, taken in con-
c. may result
tate business.
I have cited these particular instances
to show the various methods by which
discriminations are obtained, and to call
particular attention to methods which, if
legal, are mere devices to obtain exactly
the same result as would be obtained by
rebates paid on interstate business. Any
freight discrimination, whether it be state
or interstate, tends to give control of
markets to the preferred shipper, and
makes monopolv possible. If existing law
merely prohibits a special device for ob-
taining discrimination, and permits the
same result to be accomplished in a dif-
ferent way. then the legislation is to that
extent a sham.
This investigation has shown very clear-
r one glaring defect in the interstate
law. viz; The method of filine
ly
comm
and
nerce law. viz: The method of tiling
publishing tariffs. Although a tariff
rate has been filed with the commis-
ith the terms of the
made and rates may be coi
or a rate has 1
sion in compliance with the te
>ne bi
of its
nd rat
• as t<
or the ordinary shlppei
them. As long as the state rates are not
required to be made public, and 'shippers
use such rates in combination with in-
terstate rates, all manner of devl
law an
impllance with the term
law. none but the favored shipper may
know of Its existence. Tariffs may be
made and rates may be combined in such
manner as to make it practically impos-
sible for the ordinary shipper to find
te rates, all mannei
evade the nurnose of the law are possible.
led in connection with
ices ti
osslble
All state rates used in connection with
t» shipments should be filed with
erstate commerce commission, and
radical change should be made In tb
intersta
the Interstate com
a radical change shop-id be made In the
direction of simplifying tariffs and in
methods of posting and filing them.
Signed By the President.
Washington. — President Roose-
velt signed the bills passed by
congress making an extra appropria-
tion of $100,000 for Mare Island navy
yard at San Francisco, and making an
appropriation of $70,000 to meet emer-
gencies in the post office department
in the state of California.
Fourteen Years For Girl's Death
Pittsfield, 111.—Henry Clark and his
wife, Ida, charged with the murder of
Pearl Payor by a criminal operation,
were found guilty and sentenced to the
penitentiary for 14 years each.
Sen tfexlxco Cadets Expelled.
Roswell, N. M. — Nine ca-
dets have been expelled from the
New Mexico military academy here as
the result of a mutiny in which 40
cadets were involved, and in which
violence against the faculty was
threatened for a time.
A New American Singer.
Paris. — Mary McEvily, of
Helena. Mont., a pupil of Jean De
dResake, made her debut, Thursday
night, at Berlioz hall. A large Amer-
ican audience warmly received her.
King Edward In Purls.
Paris. — King Edward dined,
Thursday night, at the Palace of
Alysee with President Fallieres and
most of the French cabinet ministers.
Talked On Elght-Hosr Bill.
Washington. — President Gom-
pers of the American Federation
of Labor addressed the house commit-
tee on labor ao the eight-hour bill.
Vua Bnelow'i Birthday.
Berlin. — Prince Von Buelow, im-
perial chancellor. Is celebrating the
fifty-seventh anniversary cf his birth.
Denied By Ambassador Reid.
London. — Ambassador Reid em-
phatically denies the allegation
cabled to New York that the plans of
the British battleship Dreadnaught
were stolen by an official of the
British admiralty and sold to the United
States.
Two Killed In Powder Explosion.
Lamotte, Mo. — Howard Bernard,
aged 9. and Henry Pulzy, aged 19,
were killed by an explosion in the ma-
chine house of the Hercules powder
plant. Several others were injured.
Gould Defeats Kej.
London — In the semi-finals
In the amateur court tennis champion-
ship, Jay Gould beat Major Key, 6-5,
6-1, 6-4.
Clark Tires of the Senate.
Butte, Mont. — Senator W. A.
Clark, in an authorized statement, says
he will not be a candidate for re-elec-
tion to the senate.
Max Dittrich, a leather worker of
Dresden, Saxony, has confessed to the
murder of eight women within the past
seven years.
Mr. William A. Radford will answer
questions and give advice FREE OF COST
on all subjects pertaining to the subject
of building for the readers of this paper.
On account of his wide experience as
Editor, Author and Manufacturer, he is.
without doubt, the highest authority on
all these subjects. Address all inquiries to
William A. Radford, No. 194 Fifth Ave..
Chicago. 111., and only enclose two-cont
stamp for reply.
There may be no American style of
architecture, but the design and floor
plans shown herewith would hardly
be met with in any other country.
This is a two-story house with a
good attic. The plan is arranged to
suit the average American house-
keeper, having from four to six in
the family. It Is 31 feet and 6 inches
by 47 feet on the ground, not including
the porches, and the architect esti-
mates that it may be built under or-
dinary circumstances for from $3,000 to
$3,300.
In this plan there are two chimneys
and three open fireplaces. The front
bedroom would ordinarily be set aside
as a guest room when not otherwise in
use. The grate and mantel help to
furnish the room as well as a means
for a very pleasing decoration. A
good deal of taste and judgment may
be exercised in selecting the style of
mantel, and the color and design of
the tiling. Also the fender and and-
irons if andirons are used, and the
harmonious arrangement may extend
to the fire-irons and the stand to hold
them, as well as the coal hod. The de-
sign of this room is good enough to
spend some little time and money in
arranging the details.
In old England, open fireplaces in
bedrooms are common, and the usual
compliment paid to the guest is to
have the fire burning in his room dur-
ing the evening. Of course the
fireplace there is depended upon to
take the chill out of the atmosphere.
Warmth, according to American ideas,
it cannot be called, because their
houses are damp and chilly until we
become accustomed to them; but the
open fire offers an agreeable welcome
that lingers in the memory after other
conventionalities are forgotten.
An open fire in a chamber also is
valuable when sickness overtakes some
member of the family. An open fire
fers an easy opportunity for the men-
folks to have an after-dinner smoke,
that is very much appreciated in th*
summer time.
This way of going out and in from
the garden also is appreciated by the
family where this house has been built.
The family finds considerable use fof
this side entrance, and the woman of
the house usually has a few house-
plants put out here which she can
reach easily to give the attention re-
quired to keep them in good condi-
tion.
There is a convenient back stair with
a landing directly in front of the door
SECOND FLOOR PLAN.
of the servant’s bedroom. ADd, by
the way, this servant’s bedroom is not
a mean little affair without size or con-
venience, but it is a pleasant room
with a iximfortable clothes closet and
two windows. Like the rest of the
house, it is designed for comfort and
convenience.
While this is a comparatively large
house, it is so compact that a medium-
sized furnace, properly set, will heat
it comfortably and economically. In
building a house a good deal of per-
sonal attention should be given by the
owner to the arrangement of the heat-
ing pipes. The pipes must be large
enough and have fairly even length.
FARMER AND PLANTER
SEED CORN GERMINATION.
The Importance of Tenting the Vi-
tality of All Corn Intended
For Seed.
The importance of testing the vital-
ity of corn which is intended for plant-
ing can not be overestimated. It is
strange that farmers are willing to
plant corn without first being reason-
ably certain that every kernel put into
the ground is capable of producing a
good, healthy plant.
During the present season more than
90,000.0()0 acres will be planted to corn
in the United States, which will require
approximately 15,000,000 bushels of
seed. Of this quantity it is almost cer-
tain that from 2,000,000 to 3,000,000
bushels, or nearly 20 per cent., of the
corn first planted will fail to grow as
a result of the low vitality of the seed.
Thousands of acres will have to be re-
planted either in their entirety or in
part, and many thousands more will
grow to maturity with an imperfect
stand.
Farmers have so long been accus-
tomed to having a stand under ordi-
narily favorable conditions varying
from 60 to 85 per cent., that many have
come to think a stand of 95 per cent,
or more is impossible. Yet experiments
have shown that, barring unfavorable
weather at planting time, the work of
grubs, wireworms, etc., there is no rea-
son why a stand of corn should be less
than 95 per cent. Of recent years,
however, the conditions have much im-
proved. and never before has there been
such a demand for seed corn of high vi-
tality. A few of our best farmers are
beginning' to realize that one of the
greatest factors in profitable corn pro-
duction is the securing of seed which
will show a high percentage of germi-
nation.
If each corn grower would give a lit-
tle time during the early spring to the
testing of his seed, the vitality of each
individual ear of corn intended for
planting could be readily determined.
The poor ears could then be discarded,
and the 2,000,000 or 3,000,000 of bushels
cf seed corn which fail to grow each
spring could te very profitably con-
verted into pork ant? beef. However,
this is of minor importance in com- j
parison with the increased production
of corn which would be made possible
in the United States by a judicious se-
lection of the seed ears—weeding out
those which are dead or of low vital-
ity.—U. S. Farmers’ Bulletin.
PERCHER0NS OR MULES?
After All Hn» Been Snlil the Negro
and the Male Are the Best
For the South.
1
In the sick room is very pleasant; It
adds a much appreciated air of cheer-
fulness, and is the one form of ven-
tilation that offers no objection, there
is no noticeable draught. So long as
the fire is burning a current of air is
passing up the chimney, and any dis-
agreeable odor in the room is drawn
out so gently and thoroughly that the
arrangement will be appreciated by all
who have the experience. Few houses
are furnished with open grates, but all
houses ought to be. They are worth
three times what they cost; once for
looks, once for ventilation and the
third time for comfort.
The rounded porch in front of this
house with its turned columns pre-
sents a very attractive front finish. On
because long horizontal pipes will not
carry hot air from the furnace in a
satisfactory manner, and after the
house is completed the furnace-man is
helpless unless the architect under-
stands how to place the pipes; and
the builder is sufficiently in sympathy
with the plans to see that the provi-
sions are rightly carried out.
If some furnace pipes could be un-
covered the owners would be aston-
ished at the manner in which they are
built, and he would be surprised that
a current of air from the furnace
would ever find its way around the
corners. Some curious furnace pipes
have been placed in houses for the pur-
pose of carrying currents of air to the
upper rooms. Sometimes they fail tc
work satisfactorily and the cause Is
not easily ascertained because they ara
hidden away out of sight.
entering the front door, the large re-
ception hall with its open stairway
gives the visitor an impression of size
and importance which a smaller hall-
way cannot give. As a matter of con-
venience, the reception hall is all that
could be required.
The cloak-room under the stairway
offers a much better storage for wraps
than the conventional hall-tree. There
Is no objection to having a hatrack
outside of this closet, but it is hardly
necessary. An oak hall settee Iooks i
better and fills the space just as well.
When it comes to entertaining, tne
sitting-room and parlor combined offer
accommodations for a large party. This
double room is about 30 feet long, with
portier columns near the center in an
opening wide enough so the view from
one room to the other is not interfered
with. There is a china closet in the
dining-room that appeals to every
woman wbo studies this plan. It of-
fers a much needed convenience for
storing her best china, and there is an
opportunity to display some of it to ad-
vantage. The direct opening from the
■ittlng-room onto the side porch of-
Herr Bebel and the Baby.
“We desired,” said my German
friend, “to call our boy ‘Louis,’ after
his uncle, now dead. But we
couldn’t.” “Couldn’t? Why?” “The
government wouldn’t allow it.”
“What? Can’t you Germans call your
children any name you please?” “No.
They objected to ’Louis’ because that
is the French form of the name. The
officials had lists of names which were
permissible. ‘See!’ the registrar re-
marked, ‘these are all good old Ger
man names. What can a good Ger
man want more? Plenty of choice
The child can’t be registered other
wise. Then, of course, you’ll come
under the punishment clauses.’ So wf
had to take the German form of the
name. That’s how he’s ‘Ludwig.’ ’
"What’s the reason for such an arbi-
trary regulation? Have you any
idea?” “Well, I believe the fact U
that some people wished to call theli
children after Bebel, and the govern
ment wouldn’t have it. I’m told that
the boys’ Christian name would have
been simply ‘Bebel’—Bebel Schmidt,
and so on, while the girls’ would have
been ‘Bebelina’ or Bebeline’—Bebelina
Neumann, Bebeline Wegle, and so on.”
—Letter to London Spectator.
He Loved Her Not.
A little six-year-old girl friend of
mine came running to me and threw
herself into my arms, sobbing as if
her heart would break.
“God doesn’t love me any more,”
she wailed. “God doesn’t love me.”
“God doesn’t love you! Why, dear,
God loves everyone,” I assured her.
“Oh, no, he doesn’t love me. I know
he doesn’t. I tried Him with a daisy.”
—Harper’s Bazar.
For purely draft purposes, either in
the plow or wagon, there is no breed of
horses superior to the Percherons, but
there are other things to be considered
by our correspondent besides strength
in measuring the utility of the Perch-
eron with that of the mule. Surround-
ing conditions and the purposes for
which these animals are to be most
generally used should determine their
respective values to our correspondent.
In the north and northwest the heavy
draft horse is used almost exclusively
on the farm as well as in the cities.
He Is unquestionably better adapted to
the climatic conditions, the methods
of farming and the kind of crops grown
there than any other animal, otherwise
he would not be so generally used. In
the south his usefulness is confined al-
most exclusively to the cities, where
his superior strength can be used to
the greatest advantage in hauling heavy
loads of merchandise, but for farming
purposes he is supplanted by the mule.
For the same reasons the Percherons
are preferable for farming in the north
and northwest, mules are most desired
in the south.
There is no doubt but that a certain
amount of Percheron blood, say a quar-
ter, or even a half, would greatly im-
prove the farm horse of the south in
giving them strength and size. We
have seen a number of these grade
Percherons—that is, animals by thor-
oughbred Percheron sires, or even by
grade stallions of this blood, and out
of ordinary southern farm mares that
were very superior farm animals, more
so than the grade Percherons bred in
the north and northwest, owing to the
fact that they had more finish and ac-
tion, which they get through the blood
of their dams.
The grade Percherons of the north
and of the southern farm mare is, more
or less, based upon the blood of the
thoroughbred runner, and their defi-
ciency in size and strength is in a meas-
ure compensated for by their activity
and courage. Mares of this kind bred
to a Percheron would give most excel-
lent work horses for the farm, but so
long as cotton, corn and sugar cane is
grown in the south, and so long as we
have our present methods of farming
there is nothing that will surpass the
negro and the mule on the southern
farm.
For these reasons, and because a mule
will keep in better heart under more
adverse circumstances, is less liable to
disease, and will thrive on rations that
would starve a big Percheron. w« would
advise our correspondent to stick to his
mules for farming in his locality. But
if his surrounding circumstances are
such as to warrant him in thinking he
can use the big draft horse to better ad-
vantage than he can mules, and he is
disposed to make the experiment, then
get the grade Percherons out of well-
bred mares.—Southern Agriculturist.
THE DUAL-PURPOSE COWJ
The Animal That la Rapidly Win-
ning Her Into the Good
Graces of the Farmer.
Swells Up.
When a man says a corporation has
made him a fine offer, he means be has
applied for the Job.—N. Y. Press.
It is quite natural that anyone en-
gaged in breeding a special class of
live stock should prefer it to all oth-
ers and contend for its superiority
over animals of the same variety, but
not bred strictly in their lines of blood.
For instance, the breeders of Jerseys,
Holsteins and Ayshire cattle, all strict-
ly dairy breeds, hotly contend that
the Shorthorn should not be consid-
ered other than a beef breed, and ig-
nore the fact that the- e is such a thing
as a dual-purpose cow. Strange to say,
there are many Shorthorn breeders
who make the same contention,
but they are almost without an excep-
tion being engaged in breeding fancy
animals for the fat stock show ring,
or who attach more importance to
pedigree than to utility.
But, under all these adverse circum-
stances, the dual purpose cow is rap-
idly winning her way to popular favor
w-ith both dairyman and farmer, and
she is coming with a large preponder-
ance of Shorthorn blood in her veins—
blood that made her valuable as a
dairy animal long before any of the
other breeds were known or recognized
for this particular purpose—blood so
strong in dairy qualities that after a
century of neglect, comes to the front
and stamps her and her grades as the
best dairy animal the average farmer
can have.
And why not? The average farmer
has a horse that he uses for riding or
driving, and when rushed with work
uses him in plow or wagon. Is not this
a dual purpose horse? Could the aver-
age farmer have a better animal for his
purposes? The most popular sheep and
the highest priced ones we have to-
day are that variety that combines
both wool and mutton.
To the average American farmer
this dual purpose cow question is one
of importance. The average farmer
makes up the majority of the citizens
of the United States, and the cow that
is best adapted to his purposes is the
on© that will pay him best. There is
not in this ountry a greater need or
more general demand at this time for
any domestic animal :han the dual
purpose cow. for her greatest value
and natural home is on the small farm
with the average farmer.
Her annual credit account is from
twenty to twenty-five dollars for milk
or butter, after supplying the needs of
the family, and a lusty, vigorous calf
that will sell as a yearling or two-
year-old for from $15 to $30, and then,
when her usefulness is over, either as
a milker or breeder, dry her off and
she can be economically and quickly
fattened for beef.
It is not my purpose to say anything
against any of the improved breeds,
bred for special purposes. They are
all valuable in their resDective spheres
and we could not get along without
them, but it is the dual purpose that
is for the masses, the special breeds for
the few.—Cor. Southern Cultivator.
War (pon Potato Rukn.
Any poison will kill potato bugs.
Some use slug-shot, and others pre-
pared remedies; but the cheapest and
most effective remedy, is oaris green.
You take one pound of paris green and
mix it thoroughly with 40 or 50 pounds
of cheap flour or lime, and sprinkle
over your potatoes when the bugs first
begin to appeal. It will not do to have
the mixture to contain any larger per
cent of paris green, for it will kill your
potato leaves. Put on dry in this way
it will remain effective for a week or
two and kill all that may hatch out in
this time. The best way to sprinkle
is to put it in a thin bag, or put it in a
tin cup with holes made in the bottom,
and fastened on a pole, go along each
row, knock the pole with a stick or
club, until each plant is well sprinkled.
If you will only take the pains to do
this, there is no reason why any one
should fail to make a good crop of
Irish potatoes, on account of the rav-
ages of these bugs.—Southern Cultiva-
tor.
PloninR In the Orchard.
The department of agriculture ha3
been gathering some information on
the results of different treatment of
orchards, i. e., cultivating vs. cropping.
The deductions to be drawn seem to be
that trees in clean, cultivated ground
suffer less from a drought and hot
winds than do those in pasture or grass
lands; that the fruit from cultivated
orchards is larger than :hat from tree3
in grass, and that tree roots extend
more rapidly than may be generally
supposed. Instances are cited of trees
five years old with roots extending in
various directions ten feet from the
trunk. The roots of trees which have
stood in sod since planting were found
Just beneath the surface of the soil,
while the roots of these in cultivated
soil were nowhere less than eight
Inches from the surface. This makes it
clear that if orchards *re to be culti-
vated at all they should be cultivated
from the first; otherwise even shallow
plowing will seriously injure the roots.
—Southern Cultivator.
Look for the Borers.
Now is the time of the year to ex-
amine the trunk and base of apple,
pear, plum, quince, peach and cherry
trees and see if there are any signs of
tho borer. If detected cut them out.
There is nothing more destructive to
fruit trees than the borer. There are
two species found in apple and pear
trees—the flat and round head apple
tree borers. It is no trouble to detect
them after a few are found. No fruit
grower should permit his fruit trees
to go unexamined and untreated.—
Farmer’s Home Journal.
HERE AND THERE.
—It is well to remember with all
classes of stock that It is better to keep
one good thrifty animal than two poor
ones.
—When whitewashing the poultry
house, it is a good plan to add two ta-
blespoonfuls of carbolic acid per buck-
et of whitewash.
—The heifer that is expected to make
a good dairy cow should always be
kept in good thriftly condition—not
stunted in growth at any time, as it
will prove a drawback to her maturity.
—Before sheep are admitted to the
fattening pen they should be carefully
examined by an experienced shepherd,
and if any evidence of skin disease or
vermin Is found, they should be dipped
thoroughly.
—There is no reason why an unprof-
itable cow should be retained, yet in all
dairy stables may be found cows that
do not pay for their food. The profit
derived from the best cows is made to
cover the loss from others.
—Many hogs are killed by quack nos-
trums when cholera is supposed to be in
the herd. Acconite and concentrated
lye are fed plentifully and the hogs die;
starvation is better treatment than rank
poison indiscriminately fed.
—Essex rape is a plant that has long,
narrow leaves looking somewhat like
a turnip, but has no bulb, and its leaves
are valuable for hogs, sheep or cattle.
It will grow two feet high, and all stock
delight in eating It. It will bloat cat-
tle and sheep, therefore you should be
careful in first turning them on It
WILL LUO DOOMS
THE FAMOUS PETRUNKEVITCH
NAMED FOR PRESIDENT.
Candidate of Constitutional Demo-
crats Certain of Election to Presi-
dency of New Russian Leg-
islative Assembly.
St. Petersburg.—The douma, the neir
Russian representative legis.ature,
whicn is soon to meet, will probab y
have as Its first president M. Petrunke-
vitch, who is the candidate of the con-
stitutional Democrats. “The famous
Petrunkevitch” as he Is called in Rus-
sia, is the man whose name for a score
of years has been in the forefront of
Russian liberiallsm. He does not look
the leader he undoubtedly is.
A bearded men of 50, of medium
stature, he would hardly attract a sec-
ond glance In an ordinary assemblage.
But upon closer examination the deep
lines and piercing eyes beneath shaggy
brows lend to his otherwise ordinary
countenance an intelligence and force
which mark him as a man among men.
He comes from noble stock, an old
family of the province of Chernigoff.
where he was reared.
After having brilliantly .lnished his
college career at the University of
Moscow, Petrunkevitch lived for ten
years upon his estate, greatly interest-
ed in the peasants, studying their life
and habits and needs. At the sime
time he serve.? In the zemstvo of the
province and there really began what
might be called his public career, but
his natural inclination to liberalism
and his outspoken declarations in f or
of measures to educate and lift up «oe
ignorant peasantry arous?d hostility
among the bureaucrats of St. Peters-
burg, who were early apprised of his
growing influence, and he was dis-
missed from the zemstvo service, exiled
from his native province and forbid-
M. PETRUNKEVITCH.
(Russian Leader of Constitutional Demo-
crats Who Will Be President of First
Douma.)
den to live in either of the two capi-
tals, St. Petersburg or Moscow.
Then Petrunkevitch took up his res-
idence in the government of Tver,
where he acquired an estate in the dis-
trict of Torjok, and at once became ac-
tive in the affairs of the zemstvo of the
province. It was not long before the
zemstvo of Tver, under his inspiration,
became renowned as the most ad-
vanced of all the zemstvos in Russia.
But it was not until after the death
of Alexander III. that the incident oc-
curred which made- Petrunkevitch’s
name resound throughout the country.
Upon the accession of Nicholas II. all
the zemstvos sent addresses with fe-
licitations for the young monarch, con-
dolences for the loss of the late em-
peror and best wishes for a long and
prosperous reign. The address of the
zemstvo of Tver, however, was an ex-
traordinary document.
While repeating the felicitations and
formulas of the other zemstvos, it add-
ed that for tne welfare of Russia the
new monarch should give a constitu-
tion to his people, expressing the opin-
ion that only thus could Russia flour-
ish. “A continuance of the old regime,”
it. said, "will lead the country to perdi-
tion.”
This was the first time that the word
constitution could be said to have been
openly pronounced in Russia, and Pe-
trunkevitch and Rodecheoff were the
authors of that historic document. It
and the other addresses were formally
presented to the emperor November 2o„
1896, when he received the deputation
of nobles and zemstvoists, although
actually they had been sent to the em-
peror in November, 1894, a month
after the death of Alexander III.
Amid grand pomp all those '-’ho had
presented addresses to the emperor
were assembled in the magnificent
Nicholas hall of the Winter palace.
Petrunkevitch headed the deputation
from Tver.
While thanking the zemstvos for
their patriotism, the youthful em-
peror added that one among them—the
zemstvo oi Tver—had not realized his
confidence. “It has permitted itself,”
said the emperor, his voice trembling
and his eyes glancing furtively for sup-
port into the cold, hard face of Pobie-
donostseff, the procurator of the holy
synod, who stood at his side and who
was the real author of the speech, ‘‘it
has permitted itself to speak of a con-
stitution. That, gentlemen, is a sense-
less dream.”
Those words, reproduced in all the
papers throughout Russia, drew all
eyes to Petrunkevitch and made him
celebrated. He became in a day the
idol of the liberals.
It was not until 1904, when Prime
Sviatopolk-Mirsky became minister of
the interior, that Petrunkevitch re-
ceived permission to come to St. Peters-
burg, and his appearance there wis
coincident with the meeting of the first
zemstvo congress, November 19-22,
1904, of which he was unanimously
chosen president. It was this congress
which adopted the famous programme
of 22 articles and which Btarted the
great movement which finally com-
pelled the emperor to yield to the pop-
ular demand for the people to have a
share in the government of the coun-
j try. It was followed at short Inter-
vals after Bloody Sunday by other con-
gresses, in all of which PetruLkevitch
was one of the central figures and over
the majority of which he presided.
Spoil the Girl.
The more men fall in love with a
girl the bigger her danger of becoming
an old maid while she is trying ttt
make her choice.—N. Y. Press.
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Herman, George C. The Batesville Herald. (Batesville, Tex.), Vol. 6, No. 18, Ed. 1 Thursday, May 10, 1906, newspaper, May 10, 1906; Batesville, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth974735/m1/3/?q=%22%22~1: accessed July 16, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu.; .