[An essay by Margaret Nelson Rowley] Page: 3 of 18
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father than white liberals and by (4) shift from concentration on
pecific request as the objective of demonstrations to a more general
emand for equality on all fronts. Several factors combined to make
conditions conducive to such a movement at this particular time. The
elebration of the hundred anniversary of the Emancipation Proclama.ion
caused Negroes to pause and take stock of the progress they had ma
ince being granted physical freedom in 1863. What they found was
at encouraging. To most, a more fitting action was not celebration
r the old but agitation for a new Emancipation Proclamation granting
olitical and economic freedom. The role of the United States as ;
aviour of the oppressed in Vietnam, Laos, and elsewhere abroad
trengthened desire for liberty on the part of the oppressed at hofe
t the same time, the emergence of the new states of Africa gave t(
he Negro a new image of himself, a new dignity and a new sense of
neness with things historically. Contrasted with this new image ur
imself was the old image held by a Nation which was slow to pass a
ivii Rights Bill, to sanction fair employment practices, or even t.
nforce the desegregation decision handed down seven years ago Th
ear 1962-63 was also one of great prosperity for the Nation, but n
.r the Negro. Prosperity from which he was excluded plus all a'
qe other exclusions faced by the Negro combined with the reinforced
Mage of himself as a valuable human being and made him unwilling n
it by with less than his whareo It caused him to bring forcibly t
e attention of the Nation theY , i w> ,
ngrmpr be ignored with impunit;
he Revolution of 663 awakened aey per s to n fact t1atI
..xrimination and segregation exist in the North as well as in t
cuth. The majority of Negroes in the North are urban dwellers.
ixty percent of all Negroes living outside of the South are in the
welve largest cities of the North and Mid-West. Here they fare
ghettorizatio ," in rang g efag sc.1ho 1_ searretiornran je
in-mination
n spite of legislative and judicial action, tzpe Negro ki.as nk
-significant progress in the area of housing. For several de rtsP
n e primary legal device for regulating the residential pattern 1r
oth the North and the South was the Restrictive Covenant, This
tas a private contract entered into by property owners which bar, n
pecific racial, religious and ethnic groups from residing in .
owmunity or area. The Covenant came into being to replace re%, ' Iv
ity ordinances declared unconstitutional by the United State,
Supreme Court. In 1948, the Court declared the Covenant uner. ,.e
n the courts, Until the overthrow of the Covenant, the Federal
overnment through F1L .Aa had actually encouraged raci
agreements in an attem . , -, . . , -
n 1949, the Goveriont e T A
and private housing culminating.
hEEDOM TO THE FREE, CE TURY OF EMAt k;
inr'4 by t e r S. Co ission O ivii Rigbtv , Feb,
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Rowley, Margaret Nelson. [An essay by Margaret Nelson Rowley], text, 1964/1966; (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1884476/m1/3/?q=%221964~%22: accessed July 16, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu.; crediting UNT Libraries Special Collections.