The Timely Remarks (Refugio, Tex.), Vol. 11, No. 44, Ed. 1 Friday, September 1, 1939 Page: 1 of 8
This newspaper is part of the collection entitled: The Refugio County Newspaper Collection and was provided to The Portal to Texas History by the Dennis M. O’Connor Public Library.
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W?m
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The News from Every Section of Refugio County
VOL. XI.—NO. 44
REFUGIO, REFUGIO COUNTY, TEXAS, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 1, 1939.
Eight Pages
Woodsboro
Schools to
Open Sept. 5
Term Will Be
Last in Present
Building
Woodsboro, Texas. — Between
500 and 550 pupils are expected to
begin the annual trek back to
school Tuesday morning for the be-
ginning of the 1939-40 term. The
enrollment last year was 501, and
Superintendent J. K. Kerr says he
expects at least that many to re-
port opening day, with the usual
increase experienced after the term
has been under way a few days ex-
pected to bring the number up to
550.
While school officially opens
Tuesday morning, no regular class
work will be done on that day.
Pupils will report at 8:30 a. m.,
register and receive their books,
after which they will receive in-
structions in regard to their work.
This will require probably two
hours. Class work will begin at
8:30 o’clock Wednesday morning.
For the. first time in 20 years,
football will be included in the
athletic activities of the school this
year, and already interest is high
not only among students and
faculty, but among commercial and
civic clubs as well. Practice ses-
sions will start Monday afternoon*,
under the direction of Woodroe
Petty, who begins his first year
as athletic instructor. Woodsboro
students have often excelled in
track and other school activities
Superintendent HS* J' M (’r«'n
IDies in Cuero Home
After Long Illness
/SA/VSAAAAAAAA/W\AAAAA/VWWW\AAAA
Superintendent J. K. Kerr,
above, who starts his ninth
year Tuesday as superinten-
dent of Woodsboro schools,
with a number of wonderful
things in prospect for the
coming year. Among them is
the new $100,000 school plant,
which Mr. Kerr hopes will be
ready for occupancy by the
beginning of the second semes-
ter. Football also is being in-
cluded in the school’s athletic
activities for the first time in
20 years.
-*-
Ginnings Ahead
Of Last Year
That Refugio County’s cotton
crop will total slightly over 8,000
bales when it is all gathered is in-
and great things are expected of a j dicated in the report of Amos Dem-
football team composed of the I mer of Woodsboro, who collects
same material that has carried! this information for the census
them to the state finals in inter-
scholastic league sports.
The present term marks the last
in the present school building, as
the school board is expected to ap- .
prove plans for the new $100,000 ‘,585 bales were ginned in
building Monday night. Contract “ '**’ ”
will be let as soon as possible and
the new building probably will be
completed and in use by the spiing
of 1940.
bureau of the department of com-
merce. The crop is also much
earlier this year as compared to
1938, the report discloses.
Mr. Demmer’s report shows that
■ ------J --- this
The faculty, headed by J. K.
Kerr as superintendent, has been
completed and everything is in
readiness for opening day. Mr.
(Continued from Page 1)
-----
Entertains Friends
With Barbecue
Hal Clarkson was host to a
group of friends Saturday evening,
with a barbecue given at the Clark-
son Ranch, “The Oaks,” near Re-
fugio.
Attending were Mr. and Mrs. A.
D. Durham of Kingsville, Joe and
C. P. West of Blanconia, Miss Mary
Ruth Gardner and Merle Riskin of
Riviera, Miss Rita Lovely, Mr. and
Mrs. G. A. Wead, Mr. and Mrs.
Wilson Heard, Mr. and Mrs. P. G.
Young, Mr. and Mrs. Pat Burke,
Irs. Maston Murphy, K. D. Hall,
Glyn Moss, Dan Reynolds and A.
J. Grindstaff.
Judge John M. Green, 78, father
of District Attorney Howard P.
Green of this city, died at his home
in Cuero at 10 o’clock Wednesday
morning, after an illness of several
months. The family was at his
bedside.
Judge Green was an eminent
jurist and business man in South
Texas for almost three-quarters of
' a century. He had a host of
(friends in Refugio, having served
‘this county as district judge for
19 years.
Funeral services were held in
the home at 4 o’clock Thursday
afternoon, with the Rev. M. R.
Soileau, pastor of the First Baptist
Church, officiating. The body was
then moved to Yoakum, his former
home, with interment in the
Yoakum cemetery.
Judge Green moved to Cuero in
1910 following his appointment as
judge of the twenty-fourth judicial
district court by Governor Camp-
bell. He served with distinction
until 1929 when he voluntarily re-
tired, leaving an enviable record.
Since 1929 he has engaged in the
private practice of law in Cuero.
Judge Green was born at Schu-
lenburg August 4,1861.
He moved with his family to
Halletsville as a youth, attending
public schools in that city and win-
ning a competitive examination
that entitled him to a scholarship
at A. & M. College.
After two years he entered the
University of Texas and studied
law. He passed his bar examina-
tion in 1886 and chose Halletsville
as his starting point. After two
years he moved to Yoakum and
the same year became associated
with Dant T. Price. The partner-
ship endured until 1910.
He was married in 1889 to Miss
Sally Strickland of Mississippi.
For many years he was a di-
rector of the Yoakum National
bank and was vice president at the
time of his death.
He is survived by four daugh-
ters Miss Annie Lee Green and
Mrs. Beele Elizey, of Cuero; Mrs.
W. O. Murray Jr. of San Antonio,
Mrs. J. H. Campbell of Minden,
county from the crop of 1939 prior
to August 26, as compared with La., and two sons: District At-
1,916 bales for tb,e crop of 1938.
The total yield this year will prob-
ably exceed by,, more than a
thousand bales that of 1938, when
6,927 bales were produced, and be
about half of the record crop of
1937—15,861 bales.
There is little or no top crop,
it is stated, and only scrap cotton
remains in the fields. County gins
have announced “ginning days” for
the remainder of the season.
-j.-
Waterworks Has
Plenty of Power
Refugians may have little fear
that the local water supply will
ever fail them. Machinery re-
cently installed and now in con-
dition to function makes it pos-
sible to pump water from either
of the city’s two wells by electric
power, natural gas or gasoline.
Should one source of power fail
another could be put into use im-
mediately, thus guaranteeing
against interruption of the city’s
water supply.
Refugio Woman’s Club Will Resume
Meetings Following Summer Vacation
4. Meetings of the Refugio Woman’s
Club, which has the distinction of
being this city’s oldest civic organi-
zation, will be resumed next
Wednesday, September 6, following
* the usual summer vacation period.
Mrs. L. A. Weiss Jr., president
of the club, will entertain with a
tea at the City Hall clubroom at
3 o’clock in the afternoon, thus
opening the year’s work and mark-
' ing President’s Day scheduled in
> the recently completed yearbook
for that date. Mrs. Weiss is also
announcing an important business
* meeting of the club on Monday,
September 4, at 7:30 p. m., in
the clubroom, which all members
■ are requested to attend.
*f Mrs. Alvin Ericson, teacher of
English in the Woodsboro high
school, will review John Stein-
beck’s “Grapes of Wrath” during
the tea hour, and as Mrs. Ericson
has a widespread reputation for
her interesting book reviews and
has chosen the most hotly discussed
f book of the summer, the event
is being awaited impatiently by
* Women’s Club members here. Two
, other notable attractions are
scheduled for the affair—Miss
Jewell Heard, who recently com-
pleted a course in voice under a
well-known San Antonio teacher,
will sing; and Mrs. A. E. Johnson,
speech arts instructor who has re-
cently moved to Woodsboro from
Monroe, La., will read for the
group. A large attendance is ex-
pected.
- ^ The club, which meets on the
V first and third Wednesdays of
r (each month from September
torney Howard P. Green of Refu-
gio and Arthur M. Green of Cuero.
His wife and two daughters pre-
ceded him in death.
Oil Activity Off
Despite Lifting of
Closing Order
The thousands of producing oil
wells in Refugio County, closed
down for the last 15 days as a re-
sult of the closing order of the
state railroad commission, went
back on production this morning.
But in spite of this fact, there was
little change in the unusually quiet
condition that has prevailed here
since the shutdown started. In
fact this condition was somewhat
increased by rumors that some
companies were laying off drilling
crews and stacking rigs.
Interest of local oil men was
centered mostly on a number of
wildcats being drilled in the county,
principal of which is the Nors-
worthy Production Co.’s No. 1
Wood, four miles west of Refugio.
The wildcat was runnnig a drill
stem test after missing recovery
on a core from 3,550-72 feet.
Humble Oil & Refining Co.’s No.
5 Thomson, southwest of Woods-
boro, was drilling at 3,125 feet.
Trinity Drillers Inc. et al. No. 1
through May, has an unusually fine Wood, two miles northeast of Re-
program to look forward to this!?11^0^ and Sunset Oil Co.’s No. 1
year, with a number of well-
known people throughout this sec-
tion contributing.
Miss Mary Belle Hickerson of
Corpus Christi, who is on a San
Antonio commercial radio pro-
gram, will discuss “Style and Per-
sonality,” on the second program
in September; Mrs. Jack Hagar of
Rockport, well-known bird author-
ity, will talk on native birds for
the Texas Day presentation; the
Kingsville Music Club will have
charge of the numbers for Fine
Arts Day; an interior decoration
expert will be sent up by the Allen
Furniture Company of Corpus
Christi for the American Home
program; Mrs. W. W. Downing of
Corpus Christi, county hostess, will
review a book for Clara Driscoll
Day; and the district health doc-
tor, Dr. Bessenet of Kingsville, is
expected to contribute to the health
program. An important event will
be the visit of Mrs. Joseph M.
Perkins of Eastland, state presi-
dent of the Texas Federation of
Women’s Clubs, in February.
The programs will not lack of
local talent, either. To mention a
few Refugio women who will take
part—Mrs. J. Turner Vance, presi-
dent of Fifth District of the Fed-
erated Clubs of Texas, will appear
on the Federated Club program,
while Mrs. R. L. Rymal and Mrs.
J. W. Sneed will each review a
book.
The club has a student loan fund
for use of which they are now re-
ceiving applications.
Heinen were abandoned early in
the week at 7,010 and 7,014 feet,
respectively.
In the La Rosa field, Coronado
Corporation No. 17 Rooke was
testing through casing perforations
at 5,898 to 5,901 feet.
Hewit & Dougherty No. 6-B
Rooke cored oil sand at 6,330 to
6,338 feet, the total depth, and had
set five and a half inch casing
on bottom.
Shield Oil Co. No. 4 Sasse
squeezed off perforations at 5,409-
13 feet, through which it recover-
ed 480 feet of oil with 480 pounds
working pressure on a nine-minute
drill stem test.
--
Mercy Academy to
Open Monday
Mercy Academy will open Mon-
day morning for the enrollment of
pupils and classroom work will
start Tuesday morning, starting
the fall term of Our Lady of
Refuge parochial school. There
will be five teachers and an initial
enrollment of well over 100 is ex-
pected.
For the first semester school will
be held in the old building, which
has been moved across the street
to clear for the new school, which
is now under construction. The
new structure is expected to be
completed by the beginning of the
second semester, it is stated.
Refugio to
Close for
Labor Day
Woodsboro Will
Furnish Only
Celebration
Labor Day, next Monday, Sep-
tember 4, will be observed in Refu-
gio this year with a general clos-
ing of all public buildings and
business establishments, it is be-
lieved. A partial canvass of busi-
ness houses made Monday of this
week disclosed the fact that every
merchant contacted intended to
close and observe the day as a
holiday.
Of the hundreds of Refugians
who will be given an extra day of
rest, some will play golf, others
fish and recreate at seaside re-
sorts and beaches, while many will
take advantage of the two-day
holiday to take extended week-end
trips to distant points.
The only local celebration is the
annual celebration in Woodsboro
given by the ladies of St. Theresa
Catholic Church. The festivities
there will start at 7:30 o’clock in
the evening and will include many
carnival features and games, wind-
ing up with a big dance at the
Community Hall in Woodsboro.
Following the two-day holiday
business should open brisk, with a
semi-monthly pay-day on Tuesday
and the oil wells producing again
after the 15-day shut-down.
-*-
Football Squad to
Start Practicing
Friday Morning
About 40 boys have been report-
ing to Coaches W. ;7\ Germer and
Jess Harbin at the high school this
week, giving promise that the 1939
Bobcat squad will not be lacking
in numbers. The work this week
has consisted of studying plays and
fundamentals of the game, as a
new state ruling prohibits the is-
suing of playing equipment until
September 1.
Serious practice for the football
boys will get under way this morn-
ing (Friday) at 8:30 o’clock, when
the new coach plans to issue equip-
ment to the squad members and
inaugurate a two-a-day schedule of
practice sessions until school starts
next Tuesday. After that the team
will practice only once a day, at
3:30 in the afternoon.
Coach Germer was optimistic
over the prospects of his team this
fall, stating that what the boys
lacked in weight they made up in
general interest and spirit. At
first glance, he said that he was
pleased over his backfield pros-
pects but would not know about
line material until actual practice
is begun.
The team will play a stiff nine-
game schedule this fall, the first
encounter to take place at Port
Lavaca, September 15, which
means that the squad will have to
work fast to be ready for this
early game. The Port Lavaca
game was originally scheduled to
be played in Refugio, but due to
the fact that the Sandcrabs have
installed lights on their playing
field for the first time, decision
was reached to move the game to
that city.
Remainder of the 1939 Bobcat
schedule is as follows: September
22—Open; September 29—Beeville
at Beeville; October 6—Aransas
Pass, here; October 13—Corpus
Christi “B” team, here; October 20
—Alice at Alice; October 27—
Ganado, here; November 3—Sin-
ton, here; November 10—Ingleside,
here; November 17-—Taft at Taft.
All home games will be played
under the lights at Ryals’ Park.
--*-
Three Injured in
Auto Accidents
An automobile driven by Pete
Guerrera of Refugio and occupied
by a number of other persons on
their way to a fiesta at the Adler
Ranch in Victoria County, collided
with another car just north of the
Greta wild well crater Saturday
night at about 8:30 o’clock, and
Miss Adela Contreras, one of the
occupants, was so badly injured
that she had to be taken to the
Woodsboro Hospital. The Guer-
rera car was almost completely
demolished, it is stated.
Mrs. Paula Govella and her son,
Joaquin Govella, also are in the
Woodsboro Hospital suffering from
injuries sustained when the car in
which they were riding overturned
near Woodsboro on highway 44.
The accident, which occurred at
about 11 o’clock Friday night, was
said to have been caused by a front
tire blowing out.
Change in Closing
Hours Announced
By Drug Stores
New closing hours will be put
into effect by both Refugio’s two
drug stores Sunday, September 3.
Beginning with that date both Har-
kins Drug Store and Refugio
Pharmacy will close at 9:30 o’clock
each night, except Saturday, when
they will remain open until 10:30
p. m.
This change in closing time does
not affect persons who require the
services of pharmacists to fill
prescriptions, as they are subject
to call at any time, day or night,
to do this work or render aid to
sick or injured persons.
--4*-
Parshall Chosen
Music Instructor at
Refugio High
Harry E. Parshall, formerly of
Tyler, Texas, was elected this week
to the position of bandmaster and
music instructor at Refugio high
school. The school board made
known its selection Monday after-
noon, following a special meeting
of the trustees to consider several
applications for the position.
The new bandmaster will assume
his duties September 1, and his
first official action upon being
notified of his appointment was to
call a meeting of all interested
band members to begin preliminary
work. This meeting will be held
at the high school at 8 a. m., Sat-
urday, September 2, he said.
Mr. Parshall, who for the past
three years held a similar position
in the Tyler schools, will fill the
position here that was previously
assigned to C. E. Keevert, of Bena-
vides, who failed to accept his ap-
pointment. The position was left
vacant early in the summer upon
the resignation of E. V. Reader.
The new bandmaster is a grad-
uate of the Eastman School of
Music, of Rochester, Minn., and
also holds a master of music de-
gree from Louisiana State Uni-
versity. He is a composer of music
in his own right, one of his compo-
sitions having been accepted by
the National School Band Associa-
tion as a contest number for 1940.
Mr. Parshall is married and has
a four-year-old son, Mrs. Parshall
is a violin teacher and plans to
teach private lessons here, it was
said.
^WWWWSA/WWWWWWWWWVW
Recovering
!
■
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I
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Si
gil
Scholastic Census
Indicates Enrollment
May Be Large
Refugio public schools will re-
open their doors for the 1939-40
session at 9 o’clock next Tuesday
morning, September 5, according
to an announcement by Principal
R. L. Moore, who is in charge of
the school office during the ab-'
sence of Superintendent John L.
Cooke, who is still confined in the
hospital following an appendicitis
operation last week. A faculty
meeting involving all teachers in
the system will be held at 10 a. in.,
Monday, September 4, he added.
Three vacancies on the school
faculty existed early this week,
all of them occasioned by last-
minute resignations. One of these
vacancies, that of bandmaster, was
filled Monday when the school!
board appointed Harry E. Parshall
of Tyler to the post. The other
two positions, science teacher in
high school and third grade
teacher, were expected to be filled
by the end of the week, it was
said.
Teachers who resigned were
C. E. Keevert, Miss Beamie Dortch,
Miss Frances Koehler and Miss
Marie Hill. New teachers added
to the school faculty, besides the
bandmaster, are W. F. Germer,
athletic director and head football
coach; Miss Lourana Stubblefield,
who will be in charge of the new
homemaking department, and B.
W. Cromeens, high school English
teacher.
It was announced that Monday
larged by the county school board, , will be devoted to organization
John L. Cooke, above, super-
intendent of Refugio schools is
recovering in the Woodsboro
Hospital after having his ap-
pendix removed. It was a
very inopportune time for Mr.
Cooke to be striken, as he was
in the midst of work prepara-
tory to the opening of schools,
which is set for Tuesday, Sep-
tember 5, but the latest re
ports state that he will probab-
ly be out of the hospital by
that time. His work has been
carried on by R. L. Moore,
high school principal.
School Tax Wins
By Overwhelming
Vole Saturday
Only 32 votes were cast in last
Saturday’s special school tax
election, 31 of the votes being for
applying the present tax to com-
mon school district No. 10 en-
\
Austwell School
F acuity Announced
Austwell Correspondent
Austwell, Texas. — The school
faculty for this year will be as
follows: High school, Miss Dorothy
and one against the proposition.
No extra taxes were involved
in the election It was merely to
apply the present school tax to
49,904 acres of land lying east
of Refugio which had for many
years not been in any school dis-
trict. The present school tax is
$1 on the $100 valuation.
School board officials were un-
able to explain the lack of interest
in the election. They had urged
that a representative vote was ab-
solutely necessary for the success-
ful passage of the measure, and
the light vote was disappointing./
However, it is said the almost una-
nimous majority cast for the
measure may discourage any effort
to prevent the tax from being put
into effect.
work at the school and pupils were
asked not to report to the school
on that Registration, of*
stuuents Will cake place Tuesda^|
and actual classroom work begftl
on Wednesday morning. Classes
will take up at 8:45 a. m. this
year instead bft) a. m., as the case.:,
was last year, it was said.
School officials were not ex-
pecting a great increase in enroll-
ment this fall due to the fact many
families have moved from town
during thq uncertain oil situation.
However, the scholastic census
which was taken early in the year
listed Refugio Common School dis-
trict with 1,097 scholastics, the
largest number in the history of
the local school district. When
the state set the per capita appor-
All election officials were women, tionment at $22 several weeks ago.
rrs Mamie Adler aetinp- as nresid- RefUgio was assured $24,134 in
state aid, which is a record allot-
ment here.
Mrs. Mamie Adler acting as presid
ing judge and being assisted by
Mrs. Eugene Low, Mrs. Jack Star-
rett, Mrs. Wash Moss Jr., and Miss
Medlin, home econor
mics;
Ruth Ann Marcak, Spanish and
history, and A. L. Herring, mathe-
matics. In the lower grades, first
and second, Miss Ramona Olson;
third and fourth, Miss Emma
Louise Wiseman, and fifth and
sixth, Miss Lorene Hamilton. Miss
Jane Mitcham, who was to have
taught English here " again this
year, has resigned to accept a posi-
tion nearer home. Applicants are
being considered for this position,
according to Superintendent Her-
ring. The Mexican school is in
charge of Mrs. B. E. Bluhm.
-.j.-
Farmers to Discuss
Many Things, and
Get Subsidy Checks
j Lydia Carroll.
There will be a county-wide
meeting of farmers in the district
court room at the Court House this
morning (Friday) at 10 o’clock for
the purpose of discussing fall
clean-up of cotton fields for boll
weevil; control and pink bollworm
(prevention, land use planning, flax
planting and prices, and 1939 com-
pliance. A more interesting feature
of the meeting, probably, will be
the delivery by County Agent L. A.
Weiss Jr., of 1939 subsidy Checks.
--
Local Firm Gets
Fence Dealership
As indicated by an advertise-
ment in another part of this issue,
the Refugio Hardware & Electric
Co. has been appointed dealer for
the Electro-Line electric fence con-
trollers, manufactured by the
Electro-Line Fence Co., Milwaukee,
Wis.
The advent of the electric fence,
which has become a popular
method of fence construction, was
the reason given by E. J. Freeman,
manager of the above named local
firm, for securing the dealership
on the Electro-Line controller.
This controller was selected be-
cause of its apparent safety and
dependability, he says.
Jack Calliham Is
Refugio Visitor
Jack Calliham, proprietor of
Jack’s Variety Store of this city,
was over from Victoria Monday,
spending the day looking after his
business interests here and swap-
ping fish stories with friends and
former neighbors.
Refugio high school was again
listed as a first class, fully ac-
credited high school by the state
department of education. A hair
unit in commercial law was added
last year and two units in home-
making will be added during the
next two years. School officials
also announced that band and glee
club work, which formerly were
listed as extra-curricular activities,
would be given a place in the daily
schedule this year and an effort
made to affiliate them with the
(Continued on Page 4)
Barbecue Dinner at Welder Ranch
Climaxes Tour of Ranchers, Specialists
By MILTON CARKSON
An all-day tour of the Ira Heard,
Joe Shay and James Welder
ranches was made by 30 ranchers
and farmers on Tuesday, August
29, 1939. The tour was planned
in order that others could see the
various demonstrations that are
being conducted by these ranchers.
District Agent E. C. Martin and
G. W. Barnes, beef specialist of the
Texas extension service, were the
principal guests on the tour. Mr.
Barnes spoke on “Mineral Feeding
to Cattle” following the lunch at
the Welder ranch.
The trip got under way at 8:15
a. m., led by County Agfent L. A.
Weiss Jr. and Joe Shay'. The first
stop was to inspect a 40-aere field
of Rhodes grassr'on the Ira Heard
ranch. This field of Rhodes grass
was planted March 20 of this year
on a well-pr!epared seed bed at
the rate of eight pounds per acre.
Mr. Heard jh&a cut two crops of
hay and harvested one crop of seed
to date. Jlext i-was the Ira Heard
beef pasture, stocked with good
Herefords, where creep feeding
was being demonstrated.
The ,group inspected the only
registered Polled Hereford herd in
Refugio County on the Joe Shay
rancl£. All were astonished at the
quality and size of the cows and
calves in registered herd. The
pasture had been cross fenced and
all the cows with bull calves were
in ohe half and those with heifers
in tire other half. Creep feeders
were being used at every .watering
place on the Shay ranch. Many
questions were asked Mr. Shay as
to the cost of creeping a calf and
dividends received in return. Mr.
Shay’s records show that on
average it costs $5 per head to
creep feed his calves, but they
bring him from $10 to $12 more
on the market than calves not
ereeped.
Mr. Shay’s registered Polled
Hereford herd consisted of 76 fe-
males and two bulls of Prince
Domino breeding. To date the
male offsprings are being used on
other sections of the.' ranch in a
cattle improvement program.
Next to the Shay-Clarkson pas-
ture, where grade horned cows are
kept and registered Polled bulls
were used.
Then onto the large James F.
Welder Vidauri ranch, where the
group inspected a “cattle wind-
break,” an earthern embarkment
built with a dragline, 750 feet long
and 14 feet high, for protection
from the north winds and rains.
Mr. Welder and several Vic-
torians joined the group and Wel-
der led the tour on to the west
camp to inspect several corrals of
Hereford’s that had been put into
several classes. A “squeezer” for
holding cattle while dehorning,
vaccinating, branding and castrat-
ing was closely inspected by other
(Continued on Page S)
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Jones, J. L. The Timely Remarks (Refugio, Tex.), Vol. 11, No. 44, Ed. 1 Friday, September 1, 1939, newspaper, September 1, 1939; (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth1097952/m1/1/?q=%22%22~1: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu.; crediting Dennis M. O’Connor Public Library.