The Cross Section, Volume 30, Number 3, March 1984 Page: 1
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-~ >~ AGRICULTURAL
AGRICULTURAL
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Volume 30-No. 3 Publication number USPS 564-920, Second Class Postage paid at Lubbc
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24NT 2M EAVERAGE ANNUAL PRECIPITATION IN INCHES,
1951-1980bbock, Texas 79405-Ph. 762-0181
ock, Texas March, 1984
SUBCOMMITTEE ENCOURAGES RESEARCH
The Groundwater Subcommittee of
the Texas House of Representatives'
Natural Resources Committee recently
met to accept testimony regarding the
investigation into secondary recovery
of ground water from the Ogallala
Formation. Members of the subcom-
mittee: Representative Gerald Geist-
weidt, Chairman from Mason; Repre-
sentative J. W. Buchanan from Dumas;
and Representative Chip Staniswalis of
Amarillo, heard the Water District's
research team report on the results
thus far attained in this research and
development project.
In 1980, the 67th Texas Legislature
appropriated $250,000 to the Texas
Department of Water Resources to
investigate the feasibility of the release
of water from the wet sands of the
Ogallala Formation in the High Plains
of Texas for future recovery by wells.
The 68th Texas Legislature in 1982
appropriated funds in the amount of
$100,000 to continue this research
effort. This investigation has been con-
ducted by the High Plains Underground
Water Conservation District through
contract with the Texas Department of
Water Resources and in cooperation
with Texas Tech University's Water
Resources Center, Texas A&M Univer-
sity, and the Texas A&M University
System Texas Agricultural Experiment
Station.
A. Wayne Wyatt, Manager of the
Water District began testimony with a
slide presentation. He presented the
committee with an overview of the
project to date. Wyatt explained thatin the initial phases of the project, five
objectives were set: 1) to determine
the amount of water in capillary stor-
age; 2) to identify available or emerg-
ing technologies for recovery of capil-
lary water; 3) to evaluate capillary
water recovery techniques, 4) to de-
velop plans to field test a recovery
technique, and 5) to field test a sec-
ondary recovery technique.
In order to accomplish these five
objectives, Wyatt reported that the De-
partment of Water Resources drilled
core holes at seven locations to collect
formation core samples. Analyses were
then performed on these samples to
determine the percent moisture by
volume in each core sample. In con-
junction with these analyses, District
staff set out to determine the amount
of wet formation material between the
root zone (ten feet below land surface)
and the 1980 water table. It was deter-
mined from the thickness map made
for the area that there were 3.36 bil-
lion acre feet of wet formation material
in the Ogallala Formation in the High
Plains of Texas. Using the results of
the core analyses which showed an
average moisture content of 25 percent
by volume of the wet formation ma-
terial, it was estimated that there were
840 million acre feet of water in capil-
lary storage.
Meanwhile, an exhaustive review of
literature was being conducted to find
reports of previous research projects of
this nature. No articles pertaining
directly to the secondary recovery of
RESEARCH ... continued on page 2MUNICIPAL
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. ............ rwM. w.-.= ...... ...... ..- n..,... . ..rr . rr .rww w waw w.w........Di~kers Proven Cost Effective
Researchers have proven that the
installation of furrow dikes is the single
most cost effective conservation prac-
tice High Plains producers can imple-
ment to increase yields and thereby
increase profits. Installed in conjunc-
tion with routine farming operations,
furrow dikes will normally pay for
themselves within one growing season.
By incorporating furrow dikes into
normal farming operations, it has been
shown that approximately three addi-
tional inches of precipitation water can
be made available for use by plants.
This is achieved by the furrow dikes
holding precipitation in place until it
has time to infiltrate the soil and be
stored in the plant root zone area for
future use by growing crops.
Costs associated with the purchase
of furrow bikers is minimal when the
pay-back time is taken into considera-
tion. Dikers can be purchased for
approximately $175 per row. With the
addition of 14 percent interest for one
year, a furrow diker would cost $199.50
per row. If eight row equipment is
utilized in the farming operation, totalinvestment for the purchase of furrow
dikers would then equal $1,596.00.
Eight row diking equipment would be
adequate to install dikes on a farm of
640 or more acres.
Maps on page 3 of this issue of the
Cross Section show "Average Monthly
Precipitation in Inches From 1951 to
1980." These maps can be used as a
guide to which months the furrow
dikes have the most potential for har-
vesting precipitation. Naturally, there
are no assurances that this quantity of
rain will be received; however, there
is a reasonably high probability of
similar rainfall occurring.
Under limited water situations, if
through the use of furrow dikes just
one additional inch of water could be
made available for crop use, increased
yields of 30 to 50 pounds of lint cotton,
300 to 400 pounds of grain sorghum
and 400 to 500 pounds of corn per acre
should be attained. Cotton grown in
the High Plains of Texas in 1983 sold
for approximately 60 cents per pound.
Grain sorghum brought $5.10 per
DIKERS. . . continued on page 2LAND SURFACE
STEEL CASING
CEMENT
43
83
104
1 3
129
1r
WATER LEV E L 15MONHS AFT1R TESTAIR
COMPRESSOR
TOP SOIL
CALICHE
FIRST CLAY LENSE
SAND
SECOND CLAY LENSE
SAND
THIRD CLAY LENSE
SAND
FOURTH CLAY LENSEWELL SCREEN
SATURATED FORMATION
This cross-section of the secondary recovery site at Idalou illustrates approximate
rises in water levels 18 months after the air injection test ended. Rises of 4 to 9 feet
still remain even though 295 acre feet of water have been pumped for irrigation since
the test ended.
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High Plains Underground Water Conservation District No. 1 (Tex.). The Cross Section, Volume 30, Number 3, March 1984, periodical, March 1984; Lubbock, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth1533108/m1/1/?q=%22~1%22~1: accessed July 16, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu.; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.