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28 FIELD OPERATIONS OF THE BUREAU OF SOILS, 1907. The character of this type has been influenced by its position. Rains have washed out the finer soil particles, while good drainage has induced a favorable subsoil structure through better aeration and oxidation. It is apparent from the close association with other types that the Orangeburg sand has not been derived altogether from the same material as the more typical Orangeburg soils like the Orangeburg fine sandy loam. The following table gives the results of mechanical analyses of the soil and subsoil of the Orangeburg sand: Mechanical analyses of Orangeburg sand. Number. Description. Fine Coarse Medium Fine Very fne S Clay. gravel. sand. sand. sand. sand. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. 16595........... Soil........... 0.9 10.4 20.0 31.8 9.6 22.5 4.8 16596. --.-- Subsoil ....... .4 9.2 16.5 28.3 7.3 22.2 15.4 ORANGEBURG SANDY LOAM. The Orangeburg sandy loam is a dark-brown sandy loam underlain at an average depth of 10 inches by a brick-red friable sandy clay. The type is very limited in extent, occurring in small, widely separated areas in second bottom along the Little Brazos or as low, narrow ridges in the Brazos bottoms. The character of5 the soil has been considerably influenced by the waters of the Brazos rivers, particularly in bringing about the dark color. The low patches in the bottom represent remnants of the older upland sedimentary material, as is evidenced by that body occurring in the small moundlike elevation at Mumford. This eminence, though surrounded by and lying only about 20 feet above the river alluvium, is plainly a remnant of the uplands which withstood stream erosion. The Orangeburg sandy loam is quite a productive soil, producing good yields of cotton, corn, and Irish potatoes. The following table gives the results of mechanical analyses of the soil and subsoil of this type: Mechanical analyses of Orangeburg sandy loam. Number. Description. Fine Coarse Medium Fine Very fine ilt. i Clay gravel, sand. sand. sand. sand. Per cent. Percent. Per cent. Per cet. Per cent. Per cent. Percent. 601........... Soil........... 0.3 9.2 14.7 36.1 15.5 22.1 3.7 16602........... Subsoil ....... .1 6.8 11.5 20.6 10.1 26.9 24.2