The Bastrop Advertiser (Bastrop, Tex.), Vol. 65, No. 22, Ed. 1 Friday, September 21, 1917 Page: 1 of 8
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I KI'.'K HKARTH. KHKK MINDS, KUKK PBOPLK, AUK THK ON1.Y M ATKRIAl. OUT OK WHICH KIIKK OOVh.llNMtt.NTH ARK CONSTRUC'i'KD.—JKKFKHflON.
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ISAKTUOr. HAKTKOI* COl \ I V. TKXAS, I ICI DA V, SKI'THM It Kit -1. 11M 7.
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GOVERNOR FINISHES
DIRECT TESTIMONY
GIVES REASONS FOR VETOING
APPROPRIATION FOR STATE
UNIVERSITY.
DROUTH BILL IS PASSED
No Funds Provided, But County Com-
missioners In Affected Districts
Can Call Bond Elections
to Provide Money.
Austin. Tex. Governor James K
Ferguson completed his direct testl
mony Tuesday, in answer to the im-
peachment articles presented to the
senate by the house, and hi« Croat-ex-
amination by M M. Crane of counael
for the house board of managers be-
gun Tuesday afternoon. It was incom
piete at adjournment. In a largo meas-
ure the governor's testimony Tuesday
did not differ materially, In effect,
from his testimony before the he. jse.
W. A Hanger, the governor's chief
counsel, did not refer to article 11,
which relates to the $156,00(1 loan to
the governor from unknown sources,
and ho fur during his senate testimony
the respondent lias made no reference
whatever to this matter. Mr. Hanger
omitted tin* article, when he reached
It In regular order, and did not return
to It when he had finished his ijues-
tinning upon article 21. the last.
When the senate convened as a
court Tuesday the governor resumed
the stand ipon direct examination, and
Mr. Hanger asked "Why did you veto
the university appropriation bill," the
answer was admitted over Mr. Crane's
objection that the veto message spoke
for itself. The governor answered, in
effect, as before the house, that he
vetoed it first because he considered
It excessive and extravagant; second,
because of the "student mob" that
marched in front of his office while
the regents and himself were consld
erlng university matters, and, third,
because "unnecessary and unwarrant-
ed injunciiona" had been issued and
it was apparent an effort was being
made to take from the regents the
management and contr ' of the money
for the university
The governor said In this connec
tion "I believed then and believe
now that that student mob was formed
with the knowledge and consent and
approval of certain members of the
faculty, and thought it would be a
had precedent to allow the apropria
tion when the faculty encouraged and
approved the students' attempt to
coerce and intimidate the governor
and regents
i did not veto it because I was op
posed to the university, as I have said
in messages and spi .«ehos I am In
favor of higher education, and I am as
read'. and willing to maintain a per
mailt nt plan for the support of the
university us I ever was. I just thought
that they ought to be kept in proper
bound and given to understand un
inistakuhly that they could not get big
rer than the people that supported it
\nswering further questions, (lover
nor Ferguson said
"I am In perfect harmony with anv
plan or design to maintain a ttnlver
sit> of the first class, provided it is
done in a sensible way and with an
ec Miniic expenditure of the people
money I am in favor of higher educa
tion if It don't get too high."
' You mean high in cost," asked Mr
Hanger. "Yea."
That he had $5,000 of the state's
funds in his possession from Aug. 2:?,
1915, until the time he paid out the
last of the Can.von City Normal fund
and that he used other public funds
in his possession to make up the dcti
cit was the admission of Governor
James K Ferguson on the witness
stand before the senate Tuesday. It
was the same statement which his
secretary, J. II Duvis, Jr.. had made
last week.
The statement of the govern*. was
In answer to questions propounded by
former Attorney General M M Crane
representing the board of managers
of the house of representatives The
governor was under cross examina-
tion, the direct examination having
been concluded shortly after the noon
recess Tuesday
The governor also admitted that he
knew 'hat he owed the $5, '>0u note at
Temple, that his personal account did
not have sufficient funds to pay It and
that his spech'l account containing the
escrow money was not checkable
"So that the ftubern. torlal fund was
the only one which had enough money
to pay the note?" asked General Crane.
"Yes, sir,' was the governor's an-
i«b;
th Bill Passed House.
mi ' Metcalfe local option drouth
relief bill, written to meet the einer
geiicy which has arisen in West Tex-
as. was finally passed by the house of
representedvea Tuesday,
There were HO votes for Its passage
and f> voles were recorded against it
The vote catne without debate
A passed, the Bell Metcalfe bill car
ries no appropriation by the state for u
monetary distribution in the drouth-
stricken dlstricta. It permits county
commissioners courts to call elections
lor a bond Issue for the relief of needy
farmers in the drouth strh ken dls
tricts and for the purchase ot seed anil
feed.
I'pun motion of Mr. Cope the vote
by which the house Tuesday adopted
the report of the Fly committee creat-
ing an investigating committee of thir-
ty members was reconsidered Mr
Cope hail the report amended so that
It would call for twenty members of
the investigating committee instead
of thirty members He said the sen
ate had passed a resolution creating
a committee of eleven mombers, and
he had assurances that this committee
would be reduced to ten members.
The ten senate members would serve
with the house committeemen As
constituted, he said, the house senate
investigating committee would con-
sist of a central executive committee
composed of ten house members and
ten subcommittees of two members
each, one of the members to be from
the house and one to be front the sen-
ate. Mr. Cope's amendment was adopt-
ed.
Austin. Tex Governor James K
Ferguson occupied the stand almost
all of Monday testifying in answer to
the articles of Impeachment returned
by the house and being tried by the
senate. He had responded to sixteen
of the twenty-one articles when the
court adjourned.
At one point in Monday's testimony
Governor Ferguson called upon Al-
mighty (iod to strike hlui dead if the
statements he was making • were not
t rue.
When the senate convened as a
court Monday. VV. A. Hanger, chief of
the governor's counsel, recalled J H.
Davis, Jr., Governor Ferguson a as-
sistant private secretary. Mr Uavis
produced and Identified a carbon copy
of the letter of Jan. 20, 1915, from Mr.
Davis to the Temple State bank, trans
mltting the Initial deposit of the Can
yon City Normal fund, which opened
the account of Ferguson, governor,"
at the Temple State bank. The letter
as already read in the record (from
the original) stated that "the govern
or asks me (Davis i to say to you not
to Increase your loans on the strength
of this deposit, but just to hold it on
deposit."
Governor James K, Ferguson, re-
spondent, was called to the stand by
Mr Hanger The governor began his
testimony by giving the story of his
career from his boyhood days In Hell
County, where lie was born forty si\
years ago. on through his employ
tnents us cotton picker in Collin Conn
ly, building work on the Cotton Belt
railroad, mule skinner or driver on the
same road, dishwasher for bridge
gang, farm laborer in California, work
or in barbed wire factory in San Fran-
cisco, worker in the vineyards of Call
fornla and lumber camps of Washing
ton, miner in Nevada, waiter and bell
hoy in Denver, Colo.; worker on bridge
gangs in Texas, piiedriver worker in
Texas, admitted to the practice of law
in Hell County in 1Hy7, blanching into
the loan and trust business and final-
ly into the hanking business in Helton
and then in Temple, organizing the
Temple State hank in 1900, and since
that time branching Into the land and
cattle business, and more especially
becoming greatly Inleres.ed in the cat
tie business.
"In 1915 the political b< e stung me."
the gov ernor said, continuing the story
nt his life I lie campaign forced him
to devote his entire time to his race,
and John G McKay looked after his
ranch ami farm business, c A. Hughes
after the hanking and financial mat
ters and J II Duvis, Jr., after his
business generally After becoming
governor lie found "just one blame
thing all the time, instead of one blame
thing after another, as the fellow
says,' and consequently had continued
not to handle the details of his bus!
tiess affairs. Mr. Hughes anil Mr Davis
attending to all these matters The
governor testified that he believed he
could say without a spirit of brag-
gadocio that be worked more hours
per da> as governor than anybody in
the capitol except Judge Nelson I'hil
lips of the supreme court, and Judge
Phillips gets a two months vacation
each year, whereas the governor has
not had even a two weeks' vacation
lie declared that no man can fill the
office of governor and find time to
devote to the details of his personal
business.
Mr. Hanger read article 1 of the
house charges, to the effect that on
Aug 2.'l, HMf>, a personal note of
was charged against the "Ferguson,
governor," account In the Temple
State bank, never returned to the state
of Texas, and that other state funds
were used to repay this amount of
|5,i!no to the Canyon City Normal fund.
He asked the governor to discuss thl*
matter fully.
The governor went Into the details,
as In his former testimony before the
house, of his receipt from Governor
Colquitt of 1101,000 of tlie ( , nyon
City Normal insurance money, deposit
ed by Governor Colquitt In banks at
Canyon City, Austin, Plalnview and
Amarlllo.
Sweeping Investigations of all state
i departments and stale institution*
were provided for Monday by both
branches of the legislature, acting in
dependent!) and without plans for
! Joint Inquiry. The house adopted its
original proposition, which calls for
thirty committeemen, and the senate
accepted the West brook resolution
culling for eleven investigators, a to-
tal of forty-one committeemen. Neither
resolution Is concurrent.
Following an all-day debate, the re
port of the Fly committee on proced
ure for an Investigation Into "all de
partuients. institutions and enter
prison' was adopted by the house of
representatives Monday by a vote of
75 to 22, two present and not voting
Austin, Tei With both bouses tak
' ing a resi Saturday and no committee
meetings, It was exceedingly dull In
legislative halls.
It is expected that the impeachment
proceedings will be completed and a
j vote taken by Saturday of this week.
A general belief is that another ses
! sion will be called Immediately upon
the conclusion of this one Whatever
may he the outcome of the impeach
ment trial, it is said that the next gov
ernor will have some subjects to sub
nnt, that being true of Governor James
E. Ferguson If he Is returned to the
chair, and equally true as to Acting
Governor W. I'. Hobby if he occupies
the place,
Austin, Tex. J H. Davis, Jr., assist
ant private secretary ol the governor,
occupied the stand all day Friday in
the impeachment trial of Governor
Ferguson, and when his ciaminution
un.! been concluded Mr. Hanger an
nounced that the respondent would be
cailed to the stand Monday. It bad
already been Indicated that the senate
would not work Saturday and adjourn-
ed until Monday morning.
He testified that on Jan. 17, 1917,
Governor Ferguson sent to the regu-
lar session of the present legislature
a message which presented an account
of Hie funds in the hands of the gov-
ernor. Mr. Davis identified a carbon
copy of this original measuge., and the
message was read from the Senal*
Journal of that date to the effect that
the governor transmitted to the legis-
lature the Information that a total of
$101,607.18, Canyon City Normal fond,
had been received by him. and the
same amount disbursed; that he had
received a total of $3.1*49 40 storm suf-
ferers' fund and disbursed the same
amount; that he hod received a total
of $3,273.58, adjutant general's fund,
and had a balance of that fund of $3,-
1 It!.<>4 on hand, that he had received a
total of $2,000, king's highway fund,
and disbursed the same amount: that
he had received ?:I22.70, good roads
fund, and disbursed the same amount.
Mr. Hanger asked liovv the amount
of the last check ($21,74.i) on the Can
yon City fund to the governor's ac-
count was arrived at. The witness
answered by inking the entire amount
the governor had received and deduct-
ing therefrom the checks he had is
sutd. No checks on the Canyon City
normal fund to the governor's account
were ever returned unpaid, he said.
Mr. Hanger produced documents
which witness identified nnd described
as deposit warrants. \ug. 27, 1 17. to
tallrig $2,40:1.5.*, deposited by Govern-
or James K. Ferguson In the state
treasury covering items for the execu-
tive mansion that had been paid out of
the state appropriation
Mr. Davis said he compiled a list of
all these amounts from the control-
ler's office, totaling $'.',40:5.55. The
reason two deposit warrants were is
sued aiis because then amounts were
paid on1 ot two different approprla
tious and made two different accounts
on the departmental books
Witness Identified, as Mr Hanger
read into the record, a letter of the
same date, Aug. 27, 1 ;• 17. from Govern
or Ferguson to State Controller Ter
rell inclosing a check from Mr. Fer-
guson for $2,40:1.55. covering items of
expenditures of the governor's man-
sion, as listed by Mr Davis from the
controller's records, from Sept. 1. 1915,
to date. The letter said the governor
hail heretofore taken up all the de-
ficiency warrants to that account that
he knew of. The letter added that
since the present inv stigutlon began
on Aug ft the governor had become
acquainted with the fact that it was
desired that he refund these appro-
priations made by (he solemn act of
the legislature. That on the witness
stand Iti the house he said that If the
legislature desired him to refund these
expenditures, .ilthough the approprla
Hons h«.J been mad* by the legisla-
ture and the act nevoi repealed.
Accordingly, lie took that vote as a
compliance by the house with the con
dIHon prescribed by him that if the
legislature desired, he would refund
the money Therefore, complying with
Ills promise, he handed the controller
a check covering all expenditures un
der that bill. The governot added in
this le'ter that If any deficiency win
rants had been overlooked or any
other accounts were outstanding, he
would he thankful and grateful for
their presentation, or for Information
regarding them, as it Is his intention
literally and scrupulously to comply
with bis duty to 'lis state, to himself
and to his promise in his testimouv
TEXAS NEWS
The budding of wild pecan trees has
proven a success on farms near I Iron
ham.
The new rice crop is being harvest-
ed in Matagorda county anil is netting
the planters unusually high prices
The recent rains have put the
ground in fine shape and Alvin farm
ers are planting seed for fall gardens.
Harvesting of rice has become gen
eral In Jefferson oounty and the ear*
lier rice Is beginning to move to mar-
ket.
The attorney general's department
has approved a $20,000 bond issue for
Dalles county common school district
No. I>9.
The acorn crop throughout DeWitt
county is one of the best in several
seasons, which assures a fine turkey
crop also.
Possibly more fall gardens and tur-
nip patches have been planted at this
time of year in Texas than any time
known before.
—
The potatc- farmers throughout the
Kagle I.ake section are busy planting
fall crops of potatoes, The acreage
will be greatly Increased.
——
Bee county's taxable value, as com-
piled for 1917, is $8,015,642. This Is a
decease of $7.2:12 as compared to last
year's total,'which was $s,022,t>74.
Mast of the cotton in the Mexia sec-
tion of the state is putting on a top
crop, and farmers are expected to
make more off it than on the first
crop.
Fa.mers in the Lockhurt district of
Texas are now plowing up their pea
nuts, and report that the yield, do-
spite the drouth, is the best for many
years.
—4—
The annual statement issued by the
.State industrial board for the fiscal
year ending August 31, 1917, shows
that 5)1,480 accidents In Texas were
reported to the board.
Prizes for the best fall home gar
dens on Galveston Island will be given
late in the fall by the home garden
committee of the Galveston City and
County Conservation League.
♦
The attorney general's department
has approved the following bond Is-
sues: Young county common school
district No. 28, $4,00(1, Shelby county
common school district No. 37. $llio;
Hill county common school district No
29, $1,500; ,li sue Independent school
district, Hill county, $500.
—
Anderson coi iv, it Is elated, will
also secure the Roger Q. Mills high
way which will run from Corsicana
to Nacogdoches and Reaumont The
road will extend from Corsicana to
Comanche, and will be one of the most
important highways in Texas when
completed.
—*
The fifty alleged members of the
Farmers and Laborers' Protective As
'.ochitiou. charged by Indictment with
seditious conspiracy against, the gov-
ernment, in hampering the war vviih
Germany and resisting the draft offi-
cers, are being tried at Abilene this
week.
A farmer must have at least five
acres of land if he wishes to secure
a loan from the Federal land bank of
Houston, according to a decision just
• >ai bed by the officials of the hunk.'
It is alse held that the land must be
used for agricultural purposes, or at
least a major portion must be in culti-
vation.
■ 4 *
Slate forester and professor of for-
estry at the A. and M. College of Tex-
as is directing a campaign in Texas
for the recruiting of the second "lum-
berjack" regiment for war duty, to be
known officially as the Twentieth Kn
gineers (Forest I.
♦
I'pon being advised that the pink
boll worm has appeared near Hearne,
in Robertson county, Prot. K. K.
Scholl, State entomologist, has issued
orders for the concentration of the
state forces at Hearne. and advised
members of the legislature of the seri-
ousness of the <«itnnt. n The depart-
ment of agriculture is to co-operate
with the federal authorities at Wash-
ington.
BONA FIDE SPECIMEN
PINK BOLL WORM FOUND
Atate Entomologist Says People of
Texas Must Br Prepared If Neces-
sary to Sacrifice Their Cotton.
College Station. Tex Active war
fare on the first Invaalon of the pink
boll worm north of the Mexican line
has bagun in earnest, according to K.
B. Paddock, state entomogollst and
head of the division of entomology at
the Texas agricultural experiment sta
Uon, who has returned from an inspec
tion trip to Hearne. the center of up
prehension
"The people of Texas must get them-
selves into such a stale of uilnd that
they will be willing to sacrifice thatr
cotton If necessary," is the message
he brought back.
"One bona fide specimen of the pink
boll worm was positively Identified
one week ago It Is the first time that
this pest has ever been discovered
within 175 miles of the Rio Grande.
Wo have no wuy of explaining Its preH
ence unless there are others "
The government bus the situation lu
hand and will take such preventive
measures as may seem necessary.
There is a possibility that an embargo
will be placed oil the Hearne district
covering un area of twenty five square
miles. This will be done, however,
only after an investigation by govern
ment agents has proved such a step
to be absolutely necessary.
It. is thought that the one little moth
which has caused so much concern and
is responsible for an almost unprece-
dented fluctuation in cotton stocks
mlgra'ed from an oil mill 100 feet
away from the field under surveillance.
This mill has procured more Infested
seed from Mexico than any other mill
in the state.
The first picking of cotton has been
traced, with the conclusion thn'. the
lint, already has been exported. The
second picking Is now in progress tin
der the eyes of federal inspectors.
Every boll is being given careful
scrutiny, and it is possible that every
seed eventually will be examined for
rlgns of cotton's most dangerous
enemy.
The pink boll worm adopts what
might be called follow up mc'hods In
its campaign of destruction. W'lereas
the cotton boll weevil attacks the em
bryonle form of the boll, the pink boll
worm assails the boll when half grown.
In Mexico its annual ravages have de
stroyeil from 50 to 95 per cent of the
total crops.
The field of cotton where the pest
was found was burned, tlie fanner be
ing recompensed for the loss.
Maimed Soldiers to Receive Attention
Washington Sites have been chosen
tentatively in nineteen cities for the
great "reconstruction" hospitals, lu
which the I nlted Stales will begin the
work of rehabilitating for private life
of its soldiers who return wounded
from the front in Kurope The cities
selected as the largest centers of pop-
ulation were announced Monday by
Major General Gorgas, surgeon gen-
eral of the army, as follows: Boston.,
New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore,
Washington, Buffalo, Cincinnati, <iii
cago, St Paul, Seattle, Sun Francisco,
Los \ti..',e|es. Denver, Kansas City, St
Louis, Memphis, Richmond, Atlanta
and New Orleans.
Pet Brown Loses to Ecklund.
Houston, Tex. Clarence Fcklundof
Wyoming threw Pet Brown, ihe claim-
ant of the world's middleweight wrest
ling championship, Friday night in
fourteen and a half minutes This is
the first time Brown has ever been
thrown. Kcklting used a body scissor
and arm strangle and held Brown firm-
ly on the mat while the referee turn
reaching a decision.
Persistent Rumor Is Denied.
Washington. The untraceable ru-
mor that the government intends to
take canned and dried fruits from
homes persists and lias spread to such
an extent that the department of ag
riculture this week placed ail explicit
and official denial in the hands of
every county agent and representa
live with Instructions to give it wldast
publicity.
\ steady flow of covered wagons
resembling the old time prairie schoon
ers has passed through Temple durl. :
Ihe past two weeks, all northbound.
The wi gons usually contain the family
of the Mover and the household effects
accompanied in sonic i uses by thn
family cow All come from Ihe drouth,
stricken districts of West and South
Texas, and their destination is Waco,
Fort Worth, Dallas and the cotton
field of North and Kast Texas.
PRANKS OF GERMAN
MINISTER TO MEXICO
'or Assistance Rendered Him Vow
Eokhardt Suggests Secret Re-
ward by Kaiser.
Washington. Another chapter ot
/be storv of German intrigue la neu-
tral countries and among neutral dip-
lomats was revealed Thursday by Sec-
retary Lansing In the form of a letter
to the imperial chancellor from the no-
torious Yoii Ek'khanlt. the German
minister at Mexico City, to whom the
Intercepted Zimmerman note was ad
dressed. It discloses that Folke Croa-
holrn, then Swedish charge in Mexico,
was depended upon by the German
diplomat to furnish Information "from
the hostile camp" and to transmit com-
munications to Berlin, and that Von
Kckhardt wanted him rewarded by a
secret award from the kaiser of the
"Order of the Crown of the secontf
class "
This letter was written on March I,
1916, nnd apparently has been In the
possession of the American govern-
m«nt for a long time. It was made
public without comment, shedding
light upon the methods of another
Swedish diplomatic representative in
this hemisphere
The department's translation of the
Von Kckhardt letter follows:
"Imperial legation, Mexico, to Ins
excellency the imperial chancellor;
"Herr Folke Cronholm. the Swedish
charge d'affaires here, since his ar-
rival has not disguised his sympathy
for Germany and has entered in'e
close relations with ibis legation He
is the only diplomat through whom
Informal Ion from u hostile camp can
he obtained. Moreover, he acts as In
termedlary for official diplomatic In-
tercourse between this legation and
your excellency. In Die course of this,
he is obliged to go personally each
time to the telegraph office, not s"'
dom i|iilte late at night, . i order
hand in the telegrams.
"Herr Cronholm was formerly at
Pekin and at Toklo and was responsi-
ble for the preliminary arrangements
which had to be uiude for the repre-
sentation of this country in each case
Before he came out here he had charse
of the consulate general at Hamburg.
Herr Cronholm has not got a Swedish,
but onlv a Chinese order at present
I vent ure to submit to your excellency
tho advisability of laying before his
majesty the emperor the name of Herr
Cronholm with a view to the crown
order of the second cluss being be
stowed upon him.
it would perhaps be desirable in
order not to excite the enemy's sus-
picion to treat with secrecy the mai-
ler of Ihe Issue of the patents until
the end of the war, should the decision
be favorable to my suggestion. This
would mean that the matter would l>«
communicated to no one but Hie re
ciph nt and his government and even
to them under the seal of secrecy,
while the publication of the bestowal
of the decoration would be postponed
until the "?id of the war.
I should he particularly grateful to
your excellency if I coulfl be furnished
with telegraphic news of the bestowal
of the decoration which I strongly rei
'amend in view of the circtiinsiam •
deluded above. Von Kckhardt.'
German Steamers Are Seized.
Montevideo Ifruguayun marines
Friday boarded all the German ships
In the harbor, the government having
heard of plans io sink the vessels
The crews of th>> eight Interned (iei
man steumers were brought ashore
and the authorities took charge of Ihe
vessels. Many loose pieces of ma
chlnery which the crews had been un
able to hide were found on board Hw
steamers
Woman Balloonist Mrets Death,
Pauls \ alley, Okla While making
a paracute drop following a balloon
ascension Saturday. Madame Labelle,
24 years (>hl lost lo t grip on the hang
ing trapeze, fell more than ion feet
to the ground and was crushed to
death
Fire Losses in Texas.
Vustin, Tex. A statement lfcued by
■ lie Texas lire Insurance commission
Monday shows that 78.000 fires oc-
■ urri'ig in Texas have been reported
to the siate lire marshal since Dec. 10,
P.'to, the date when the filing of smii
reports was begun. (If the fir-s re
purled H:e report shows that 7'.'7 per
cent was preventable. The number of
fires in dwellings, apartment houses,
boarding houses and private outhouses
was 37,074, of which t6.7 per cent was
preventable, 10.0 per cent iiliprcvent
able and 23.3 per cent from unknown
causes. Fires lu inert untlies, special
hazards and other classes numbered
40,920, of w hich 51 9 per cent was pre-
ventable, 19.1 per cent unpreventable
and 29 per cent from unknown causes.
Report Is Made on Riot.
Houston, Tex The board of m-
/j1111-\ created by the city council to in
vestigate the riot of negro soldiers on
the night of Aug. 23 in Houston has
completed its investigation and Wed-
nesday filetl a report with Mayor J.
C. Hutiiiesoii The report goes into
matters leading up to the riot, criti-
cises discipline at the negro camp,
criticises Superintendent of Police
Brock, compliments the Illinois Na
tlonal Guard for its action tho nlglU
of ihe riot, and calls attention to the
fact that no innocent negro was made
to suffer for the actions of the unruly
negro soldiers.
Great Aeroplane Engine Completed
Washington.—The Liberty motor,
the airplane engine upon whh h the
1'nlted States is reiving to est; bli h
definite air supremacy over the Ger-
mans on the battlefields of France,
has passed its final te.-i and is a com
nlete and gratifying success. Secretaiy
Baker announced Wednesday■.
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Cain, Thomas S. The Bastrop Advertiser (Bastrop, Tex.), Vol. 65, No. 22, Ed. 1 Friday, September 21, 1917, newspaper, September 21, 1917; (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth206222/m1/1/?q=%22%22~1: accessed June 24, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu.; crediting Bastrop Public Library.